Wamkelekile kolu papasho lutsha (iposti), bafundi bam abathandekayo!
Ngeli xesha ndifuna ukwabelana nawe ngesihloko esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esondelelene kakhulu ne Ifilosofi yeSoftware yasimahla. Kuba sonke siziingcali zekhompyuter okanye abathandi bekhompyuter, kodwa ngenxa yoku sifuna ishishini okanye elungileyo amaxwebhu okanye inkxaso yoncwadi ukusinika i Ulwazi olusemthethweni, olunxulumene okanye oluhambelana nezihloko (izixhobo zekhompyutha / isoftware) leyo inomdla kuthi, ngaphandle kokukhetha ukuba ngubani owadala kwaye ngubani na osasazayo. Ngaphandle koko, i Ifilosofi yeSoftware yasimahla kufuneka icocwe kwaye isetyenziswe kuwo onke amacandelo omsebenzi wabantu, kwaye uncwadi yintsimi elungileyo yalo!
Ngapha koko, namhlanje siza kuthetha Amaxwebhu asimahla kunye / okanye uNcwadi oluSimahla!
- Yintoni amaXwebhu asimahla?
Lo mbono unokutolikwa njengamaxwebhu aqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo simahla, oko kukuthi, ukukopa kunye nokuguqula imixholo yawo, kuthintelwe kuphela ukungalungisi iphepha-mvume.
Ndiyicinge le nto ngokufanayo kodwa ngengqondo ebanzi, oko kukuthi, kubandakanya konke ukubonakaliswa okubhaliweyo, ubukhulu becala imisebenzi engeyiyo yezobugcisa, njengamabali, iincwadi zemfundo, iinoveli, phakathi kwabanye.
Kodwa ndikhangela kwimeko ye Amaxwebhu asimahla ezobugcisaSingakhankanya:
Oko phakathi kwelayisensi eyaziwayo yamaxwebhu obuchwephesha okanye iitekisi zasimahla yi ILayisensi yamaXwebhu yamahala ye-GNU. Kwaye nangona ngaphambili bekho abanye kakhulu:
- Iphepha-mvume loXwebhu leFreeBSD
- Ilayisenisi ka-Apple yamaXwebhu aqhelekileyo, inguqulelo ye-1.0 (ayisebenzi)
Okwangoku kukho inani elikhulu leelayisensi zasimahla zale njongo, kwaye enye yezona zidumileyo Uyilo oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, apha ngezantsi ndishiya uluhlu oluncinci lokuba yeyiphi enye yeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze nabani na akwazi ukubonana nabo kwaye abone eyona ibafaneleyo ukuba bayisebenzise kumaxwebhu abo okanye indalo yokubhala.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Commons Creative unamalayisensi amabini asimahla, Creative Commons Attribution kunye ne-Creative Commons Attribution - Yabelana ngokufanayo. Ezi layisenisi zimbini zivumela umsebenzi ukuba usasazwe, ukope kwaye uboniswe ngabantu besithathu ukuba igama lombhali wokuqala liyaboniswa kwiikhredithi. Iphepha-mvume lesibini longeza umhlathi oza kuwenza kwilayisensi copyleft, elongeza igatya kwilayisensi ukuze imisebenzi enesiphumo nayo ibe yinkcubeko yasimahla. Commons Creative kwiwebhusayithi yayo inonxibelelwano olulula kakhulu, ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise amanye amaphepha-mvume alo kwimisebenzi yakho yokubhala ukuze ikhutshelwe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uyinike ezinye inkululeko ocinga ukuba zibalulekile.
I-Coloriuris
IColoriuris ibonelela ngeentlobo ezimbini zamaphepha-mvume asimahla, oluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, avumela ukuveliswa kwakhona, ukuhanjiswa, ukunxibelelana esidlangalaleni kunye nokufezekiswa kwemisebenzi evela kwimveliso okanye kungengeniso. Ilayisensi eluhlaza ikongeza igatya ukwenza iphepha-mvume copyleft, elongeza igatya kwilayisensi ukuze imisebenzi enesiphumo nayo ibe yinkcubeko yasimahla. Ngokwenyani, IColuriuris nguMboneleli weNkonzo yeTrust. Umboneleli weNkonzo yeTrasti: "Ngumntu wendalo okanye osemthethweni onikezela ngeenkonzo zenkonzo enye okanye ezingaphezulu" ngokomgaqo we-EU 910/2014, womhla kaJulayi 23.
Iphepha-mvume lobugcisa lasimahla
Ukuzalwa del Intlanganiso yesimo sengqondo seCopyleft EParis ngo-2000, eli phepha-mvume lisuka kwimbono yokuba ulwazi nolwazi kufuneka lube simahla. Inkqubo ye- Iphepha-mvume lobugcisa lasimahla (LAL) ikugunyazisa ukuba ukope ngokukhululekileyo, usasaze kwaye uguqule umsebenzi owukhuselayo, ngelixa uhlonipha amalungelo wombhali wawo. Iphepha-mvume lobugcisa lasimahla aliwahoyi amalungelo ombhali, kodwa kunoko liyawaqonda kwaye liwakhusele. Ukuphinda usebenzise le migaqo kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise ubugcisa ngobuchule.
ILayisensi yamaXwebhu yamahala ye-GNU
I-GNU yamaXwebhu amaLayisensi asimahla ayaziwa njenge GFDL ilayisensi eyilelwe ikakhulu amaxwebhu esoftware kodwa inokusetyenziswa nayiphi na enye incwadi. Owona mzekelo udumileyo wokusetyenziswa kwelayisensi ngu Wikipedia. Injongo yeli Phepha-mvume kukuvumela ukuba incwadi esebenzayo, eluncedo, incwadi yesikhokelo, okanye olunye uxwebhu lube "simahla" ngengqondo yenkululeko eqinisekisa wonke umntu inkululeko esebenzayo yokuyikopa nokuyihambisa kwakhona, ngaphandle okanye kokulungiswa, ngentengiso okanye hayi, kwaye ngendlela yokuba umbhali kunye nomshicileli bafumane ukwamkelwa ngomsebenzi wabo, ngaphandle kokugqibela ukubekwa uxanduva lolungiso olwenziwe ngabanye.
YENZA LOKHO UFUNA UKUFUNA ILAYISENISI YOLUNTU
Ukuguqulelwa kwegama lelayisensi kuya kuba yinto efanayo "Ilayisensi kawonkewonke yisebenzise nangona ufuna". Ngokusisiseko iphepha-mvume lisithi yenza le nto uyifunayo ngomsebenzi. Elula ayinakwenzeka.
Vula iLayisensi yoPapasho
Ukanti enye ilayisensi yenkcubeko yasimahla. Ukuba ezinye zeendlela ezikwiCandelo 6 zisetyenzisiwe iphepha-mvume alikho simahla.
Zininzi iilayisensi zasimahla, ngakumbi amaxwebhu esoftware, kodwa zisenokungaziwa ngokubanzi kunye / okanye zisetyenziswe.
- Ilungelo lokushicilela -Ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda xa ithelekiswa nelayisensi yasimahla
Yintoni ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda?
Imithetho emininzi iyichaza IPropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye neLungelo lokushicilela ngeendlela ezininzi:
E-Spain, i Ley I-intellectual property, Ivunywe ngu Ummiselo woMthetho wasebukhosini 1/1996, ka-Epreli 12, ucaphula igama nezwi: "Impahla nezinto eziyimveliso yengqondo yenziwe luthotho lwamalungelo abantu kunye / okanye amalungelo ezinto ezibonisa ukuba umbhali kunye nabanye abanini babonelelwa kwaye baxhaphaza imisebenzi yabo kunye neenkonzo"
Lo mthetho ukwanika neenkcukacha kuwo Isahluko II, Isiqendu 10 yeyiphi indalo ewela ngaphakathi kolu luvo.
Ngelixa iseVenezuela, umthetho weLungelo lokushicilela, owamiselwa eVenezuela ngoSeptemba 16, 1.993, umisela owawo inqaku loku-1 nelesi-2, umoya ofanayo kule mbono kunye nemida yokusebenza: Jonga uMthetho.
Kwinqanaba lehlabathi ngokubanzi, amazwe athambekele ekubhaliseni Ingqungquthela yaseBerne yoKhuselo lweNcwadi kunye neMisebenzi yobuGcisa Ukuqinisekisa nokuhlonipha abemi bayo nabaphambukeli babo Ilungelo lokushicilela kunye neLungelo lokuPhatha.
- Zeziphi izibonelelo ngokwazi lonke olu lwazi kuLungelo lokushicilela, ubunini bobunini bobugcisa kunye neendlela ezininzi zokufumana ilayisensi yasimahla kulwazi oluhanjiswe ngumntu ngamnye kuthi?
Umzekelo, nokuba sinalo iphepha lewebhu (iwebhusayithi) yefayile ye- Chwetheza iBhlog, imagazini kunye nokuzonwabisanjl, okanye thumela nje imathiriyeli yolwazi emiswe kakuhle (eyilwe) kwezinye inethiwekhi yokuncokola okanye uprinte imithombo yeendaba okanye hayi, Kuya kufuneka uyazi yonke loo nto uyincedisayo (usasaza, wenza, uyila) ikhuselwe ngumthetho, kwaye ngenxa yoko upapasho lwakho (iposti, amanqaku, iincwadi, iimagazini, iikhathuni, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibhaliweyo okanye ezobugcisa, nokuba zezobuchwephesha okanye akunjalo, zinokukhuselwa ukusukela kumzuzu wokupapashwa, Ngomthetho othile welizwe lakho, kuphela kwento efunekayo ukuba ibe yimisebenzi yokuqala.
Kwaye ukuze uzalisekise le njongo, zininzi izixhobo kwi-Intanethi ukunqanda ukwenza ukopela okanye ukudida iimpapasho zethu ngokukopa ngenxa yenqanaba eliphantsi lobunyani. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi endizicebisayo:
Khumbula ukuba ngendlela ye-quasi-universal: Kwipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyoIlungelo lobunini, lomntu ngamnye, kunye nepropathi yeShishini, ebhekisa kwiinkampani nakwiinkampani ezinkulu. Kwaye phantse kuwo onke amazwe kukwakho nexesha elimiselweyo lokusebenza amalungelo okuxhaphaza onokuba (kubandakanya) "Ubomi bonke bombhali kunye neminyaka emininzi emva kokubhubha kwakhe".
Okokugqibela, nanjengesipho esincinci ndikushiyela enye yendalo yam yasimahla yendalo, yokufunda kwakho nokonwaba:
Inzululwazi yeFiction Trilogy: Ithemba
Ngokwam, andinguye umshumayeli wenkolo ovulekileyo, kwaye kubonakala kuyinto engenangqondo ukwandisa ukuvuleka kwawo onke amacandelo endalo iphela.
Nangaliphi na ixesha sitya ivuliwe i choripan.
Ifilosofi yeSoftware yasimahla kufuneka yenziwe kwaye isetyenziswe kuyo yonke into "ENOKWENZEKA" yomsebenzi wabantu, kwaye uncwadi luyintsimi elungileyo kuyo!
Kungenxa yoko le nto ndibandakanyile igama elinokwenzeka, akufuneki sigqithise okanye sibaxe!
Nangona kunjalo, ubuchule bokubhala (iiNoveli. Iintsomi, amaBali, iiNcwadi zezeMfundo, phakathi kwezinye izinto) yenye yeendawo apho ifilosofi yasimahla kufuneka ibandakanywe ngendlela enocwangco yokwazisa ngezibonelelo ezihlangeneyo!
Ndingathanda ukufaka isandla kwindawo yam, zombini njengomsebenzisi wesoftware yasimahla kunye nombhali ozimeleyo. Apha eArgentina sibambe umboniso obizwa ngokuba yiFLIA (Independent kunye ne-Self-Managed Book Fair) apho zonke iintlobo zamagcisa kunye nabapapashi badibana khona. Yintoni ejikelezayo ngabantu abaninzi abazipapashayo (ukusuka kuhlelo ukuya kwimisebenzi yezandla okanye ukuprinta okubophelelayo), kwaye bayaqhela ukubeka iilayisensi zokuyila commons kwaye ngakumbi "ngaphandle kwelayisensi." Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho yonke intshukumo eyaziwa ngokuba yiDevolutionism okanye iMovement for Return, ebandakanya ukungabinayo ilayisensi yemisebenzi ukuze ubuyisele ulwazi kwi-Domain yoluntu. Kubonakala kubalulekile kum ukuba ndibize oku apha: indawo yoluntu apho imisebenzi idlula khona xa amalungelo oqoqosho ababhali bawo ecinyiwe (kwamanye amazwe iminyaka engama-70 emva kokufa). Oku akuwaphelisi amalungelo okuziphatha abagcina ukubhalwa kwawo. Umahluko ngeCopyleft (kubandakanya i-Creative Commons) kukuba le yokugqibela igcina izithintelo ezinje, umzekelo, azivumeli nzuzo emsebenzini. Oku kulungile ukukhusela iincwadi kunye nesoftware yolawulo lwabodwa, kuba le FSF yenza ezi layisenisi. Kodwa zikhona ezinye iintlobo zamaphepha-mvume abizwa ngokuba yiCopyFarLeft ahamba inyathelo elinye: igatya livumela imisebenzi evela kwezinye izinto ukuba ithengiswe lo gama bebambisene okanye inkampani elawulwa ngabasebenzi bayo, oko ke kuthintela ingeniso eyenzelwe abaqeshi. Ibhlog yeGuerrillatranslation kunye ne- lasindias.com zisebenzisa le layisensi, kwaye ndiyakukhuthaza ukuba ukhangele iCopyFarLeft kunye neDevolutionism ukuze wandise. Uluvo olusezantsi kwezifilosofi, kunye naleyo yoMthombo ovulekileyo, kukwenza banzi okuqhelekileyo okukuye wonke umntu kwaye kuvunyelwe ukuphuculwa kwezimvo kulungiso lwazo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha eyona nto intle iya kuba, njengoko iTelecommunists isitsho, ukufezekisa izixhobo zasimahla ngokwandisa ii-commons ...
Igalelo lakho malunga: CopyFarLeft kunye neDevolutionism inomdla kakhulu. Andizange ndive ngezo ngcamango ezi-2!