"I-Linux izakuba sisixokelelwano esisebenzayo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sekhompyutha"

Kwiminyaka emine ukususela ekuqeshweni kwakhe njengomongameli kunye ne-CEO ye-Red Hat, uJim Whitehurst uphonononga UKUTHOLA izitshixo zempumelelo yemodeli yeshishini lenkampani yomnqwazi obomvu, uhlalutya imiceli mngeni ethethwa yi-computing yamafu kwaye ijongana nabasebenzisi bemibutho kwisigqibo sokuba bacinga ukuba ayinakuthintelwa ebusweni bokutshintsha kweparadigm: indlela yeMicrosoft okanye indlela ye-Red Hat.

Itshintshe njani i-Red Hat kule minyaka iphantse yane ubusebenza njengomongameli kunye ne-CEO yenkampani?

Ngeli xesha lexesha i-Red Hat iphindwe kabini, phantse iphindwe kathathu, ingeniso yayo. Ndicinga ukuba olona tshintsho lukhulu lwenzekile kukuba i-Red Hat iphumile ekuboneleleni ngetekhnoloji yayo kwaye inikezela ngeenkonzo zayo kubathengi abantsonkothileyo njengorhwebo, iibhanki zotyalo-mali okanye iinkampani zonxibelelwano, ukuba nesiseko sabathengi bazo zonke iintlobo (iinqwelomoya. , abavelisi, abathengisi) kwaye apho abasebenzisi abatsha bajoyina ikota nganye, ukuze okwangoku i-80% yabathengi bethu bayinxalenye yoluhlu lwe-Fortune 2000.

Ngokunxuseneyo nolu tshintsho, siye sandisa uluhlu lwezisombululo kwaye ngoku sijongana neemfuno ngokubanzi. I-90% yabathengi bane-Linux njengenkqubo yabo yokusebenza, kukho umdla omkhulu kwindlela yethu yokusebenza enikezela nge-virtualization kwaye ngoko ke sinomnikelo obanzi kwintsimi ye-middleware; ngoko sikhoyo zombini kwiindawo zenkqubo ye-ERP yendabuko kunye nommandla weeplatifomu zamafu, apho i-Red Hat ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwizinga leziseko.

Ngelo xesha imarike yeLinux nayo yavela. Sithini isabelo semarike sangoku seRed Hat kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo?

Simele malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 kwimarike yeLinux kwaye imarike yeshishini inxibelelene ngokusondeleyo. Kuya kufuneka ndinyanzelise ukuba iLinux ayisasetyenziswa ngabantu abachubekileyo ngokwembono yezobugcisa, yenziwe lula kwaye namhlanje uninzi lwehlabathi luthembela kwiLinux. Malunga neminyaka emine eyadlulayo, iincoko zaqala ukuqalisa malunga nokwenzeka kokuzisa iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo kwiLinux kwaye namhlanje oku ayisiyonyani nje kuphela kodwa kulula kakhulu ukufumana ulwazi lobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokuchaza izinto eziyimfuneko zehardware. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokuvuthwa yenzekile.

Yeyiphi imizila yenkqubela phambili ezotyiweyo elundini phayaa?

Ukusuka kumbono obanzi, namhlanje sijongene nokutshintsha kweparadigm efanayo naleyo iziswe yinguqu ukusuka kwi-mainframe ukuya kwi-architecture yomthengi / iseva. Ngokufika kwe-computing yefu, okwenzekayo kukuba umthwalo wemisebenzi uphinda uhlaziywe kwi-CPD, apho iziseko ezinkulu zikhona kwaye ngelixa imisebenzi yokufikelela ishukunyiswa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo ezifana ne-iPhone okanye i-iPad, imisebenzi engundoqo inendawo kwi-CPD. Kwaye into ebalulekileyo kweli hlabathi litsha kukuba ezi CPD zisebenza kunye neLinux. Ngokuqinisekileyo iMicrosoft ineAzure, kodwa amafu - iGoogle, iAmazon, njl. - yakhiwe ngeLinux. Ukuba sijonga umaleko wesoftware, iWindows ibingoyena mdlali ubalaseleyo wexesha lomncedisi weklayenti, kwaye ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo iLinux izakuba yinkqubo yokusebenza yesizukulwana esilandelayo sekhompyuter. Oku sele kuyinyani kwi-CPD, kodwa kusafuneka kumiselwe ukuba yeyiphi eyona nkqubo isebenzayo kwizixhobo ezitsha eziphathwayo, nangona kunjalo, oku akubalulekanga kangako. Ngokuqinisekileyo abathengi baqhuba i-iOS, i-Android okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza kwizixhobo zabo zeselula, kodwa ekusebenzeni ezininzi izicelo zizityebi ezixutywe kunye ne-HTML 5 interface kwi-CPD. Yingakho kwi-Red Hat sigxile kakhulu kwi-CPD.

Sithini isabelo semarike seRed Hat namhlanje kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo weshishini?

Okwangoku, malunga ne-middleware, phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-40% yeenkampani ze-Fortune 1000 zisebenzisa i-JBoss. Isixa sethu sentlawulo ngokucacileyo sincinci; Ngoko isabelo sentlawulo kwi-JBoss simele malunga ne-10% yemarike ye-middleware, kodwa loo pesenti iphakama ngaphezu kwe-30% ukuba sithetha ngesiseko esifakiwe.

Kwi-Linux sikholelwa ukuba i-Red Had ine-20% yesabelo semarike iyonke kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeseva, okuthetha ukuba kudidi lwethu sikwiqela labathathu abakhulu. Ngokumalunga ne-virtualization, kunzima ukwazi kodwa siyazi ukuba abathengi abakhulu basisebenzisa kakhulu nangona sisebatsha kule marike, ngoko ke kunzima ukuyibala, kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Imeko yezoqoqosho ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo utyalo-mali lwe-IT kunye nokusebenza kwababoneleli. Ngaba i-Red Hat inyanzelekile ukuba yenze utshintsho kulo mongo? Ngaba iya kulufikelela usukelo lwayo lokudlula i-1.000 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwingeniso yalo nyaka?

Kule nyanga iphelileyo siphinde saqinisekisa kwaye sahlaziya injongo yethu yeshishini, ngoku elidlula i-1.100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Enyanisweni, sele sigqithile kwinjongo yethu yokukhula. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka siye sanyusa ingeniso nge-27%, ngoko siqhubeka sinandipha ukukhula okubonakalayo. Isiphakamiso sethu sexabiso siphumelele kakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima zemarike. Sikonwabele ukukhula okuphindwe kabini ngexesha lelona xesha libi lokudodobala koqoqosho ngowama-2008 nango-2009, kwaye kwezo meko zisenzima kwimekobume yezoqoqosho yangoku lelo xabiso lisivumela ukuba siqhubeleke nokukhula. Xa abathengi benobunzima kufuneka babe nobuchule bokugcina imali, abayi kwiWebLogic kodwa bajonge ezinye iindlela kunye namathuba amatsha, okusilungeleyo kuba yandisa imarike yethu enokubakho.

Iyintoni impumelelo yemodeli yeshishini leRed Hat?

Sele nditshilo ukuba i-Red Hat imele phantse i-20% yemarike yeenkqubo zokusebenza zeseva kwinani lofakelo kwaye imele i-3% yengeniso kuloo marike. Idatha iyamangalisa. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kwimodeli yethu yeshishini. Okokuqala, siyakwazi ukukhupha ixabiso kumthombo ovulekileyo njengemodeli yokuphuhlisa isoftware yethu ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kubathengi bethu. Okwesibini, sinomzekelo weshishini olungele ngakumbi umthengi, sithengisa ukubhaliswa kohlaziyo lwesoftware kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo kubaboneleli bemveli, ukuba umthengi akaliboni ixabiso banokuyeka ukusihlawula kwaye baqhubeke nokusebenzisa isoftware. Sinika abathengi iindlela ezizezinye kwaye oko kufuna ukuba sigxile kakhulu kwinkonzo yabathengi. Nokuba sithetha nge-middelware okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza, sibonelela ngexabiso elikhulu kubathengi ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Isithako sesithathu sinento yokwenza nezinto ezintsha. Ngokwesiko, ukutsha kwi-IT kwenzeka kwiinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu, i-Oracle, i-IBM, i-SAP, njl., kodwa yintoni entsha eyenzekayo namhlanje iyenzeka kwezinye iintlobo zeenkampani: i-Google, i-Facebook, i-Amazon ... Ezi nkampani zinoluhlu lweengxaki kwaye abaxhomekeke kwi-Oracle, baxhomekeke kubo, kwaye kunye sinokuphinda sihlolisise iimfuno kwaye sikhethe iiprojekthi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Iqonga lethu leeFomu zeLifu lisetyenziswa ngababoneleli abanjengoFacebook okanye uGoogle. Kwaye ukuba umthombo ovulekileyo unikeze ngokwembali iindlela ezizezinye kwisoftware yobuchwephesha, ngoku ikhokela into entsha.

I-computing yamafu ibonwa njengendlela eya phambili ekuboneleleni nasekusetyenzisweni kwesoftware. Ungena njani umthombo ovulekileyo kwihlabathi lelifu? Yintoni i-Red Hat enegalelo kuloo ndlela kwaye imarike iphendula njani?

Ndiza kuthetha ngemiba emibini. Umbono wethu we-computing yefu wahlukile kulowo weenkampani ezininzi eziyibona nje njengenye 'i-stack', oko kukuthi, ndinesiphakamiso selifu kunye nesinye isiphakamiso sendawo.

Ukusebenza nabathengi siye sabona ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha iinkampani ziya kuba noluhlu lwezicelo kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuthunyelwa kwazo. Ngesi sizathu sigxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweziseko zophuhliso, izixhobo kunye nezisombululo zesoftware eziza kuvumela ezi zicelo ukuba zisetyenziswe kwaye zilawulwe ngcono. Yintoni eyahlukileyo kubakhuphisanayo kukuba ngeteknoloji yethu akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuhambisa izicelo ze-Red Hat, kodwa unokuhambisa zonke iintlobo zezicelo, nokuba ngaba i-VMware okanye iWebLogic. Ukongezelela, sineNkqubo yoMboneleli oQinisekisiweyo osivumela ukuba sisebenze kunye nomboneleli kwaye sibe neziqinisekiso ezipheleleyo ukuba izisombululo zabo zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki nge-Red Hat kwaye ziya kuxhaswa yi-ISVs. Eli liqhekeza elibaluleke kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, sinayo iRed Hat Enterprise Virtualization, ebandakanya izixhobo zokusebenza kwiziseko eziluncedo. Kwaye ngoku sinesisombululo esitsha kwi-beta, iiFomu eziNgqongileyo, eziya kuthi mhlawumbi zifike kwimarike kunyaka ozayo kwaye ziqwalasele umaleko ovumela ukuba izicelo zilawulwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ukuhambisa izicelo kunye ne-Red Hat kunye neWebSphere. okanye nasiphi na esinye isiseko. Kwinkqubo ye-beta sele sifumene impendulo entle kakhulu kubathengi, ngakumbi kuba isisombululo sigubungela amafu oluntu kunye namafu abucala.

Enye imveliso eyenza umdla omkhulu yi-Open Shift PaaS iqonga, elivumela ukuba izicelo zifakwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nemodeli esekelwe kwifu kwaye eneempawu ezininzi ezahlukileyo: 'yi-agnostic' ngokubhekiselele kubaboneleli, umphuhlisi unokukhetha. apho afuna ukuba isicelo sisetyenziswe kwaye yindawo kuphela enikezela ngezakhono ezipheleleyo zeJava EE, ebaluleke kakhulu kubathengi.

Inkampani isandula ukufumana iGluster. Ngaba malunga nokufumana indawo kwimarike yokugcina?

Ukuthengwa kweGluster kunamanqaku amabini esivumelwano. Okokuqala, xa sisakha amandla ethu okulawula ifu, kuba ukuze izicelo zihambe, idatha kufuneka ihambe. Ingxaki efini ifumaneka ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ekulinganiseni idatha kwaye ezininzi izisombululo zibonelela ngempendulo ngokudibanisa isoftware kunye nehardware, kodwa azinabungane kakhulu kwiindawo zamafu. Into esiyifunayo zizisombululo zesoftware. Ngoku nge-Gluster sinesisombululo esingengomthombo ovulekileyo kuphela kodwa osombulula le ngxaki kwaye unokuyiqhuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo zamafu. Kufuneka kwakhona sithathele ingqalelo ukuqhuma kwedatha engacwangciswanga kunye nenyaniso yokuba ezininzi izisombululo zedatha engacwangciswanga zibiza kakhulu nge-Mb.Nakuba kwiinkampani kukho ukuqhuma kolu hlobo lwedatha kunye neGluster ivumela ukuba sinikeze impendulo kwiimfuno zakho ngokwemiqathango. of scalability kunye nokushukumiseka kwezicelo.

Ngaba i-Red Hat icinga ngokuthenga okutsha? Kweziphi iinkalo?

Siza kubona ukufunyanwa okuninzi kwiminyaka ezayo. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo sathenga i-Qmranet ukuze sifumane ukufikelela kunye nobunzima kwimakethi yokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo. Emva kokufunyanwa kwethu sithathe malunga neminyaka emibini ezolileyo yokudibanisa inkampani. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngoDisemba, sithenge i-Makara kunye ne-Okthobha Gluster, kwaye siya kuba nomsindo ngakumbi kuba sandisa iphothifoliyo yemisebenzi efunekayo abathengi ukuba balawule izicelo zabo kwihlabathi elikhulayo le-hybrid.

Kwelinye icala, inxalenye elungileyo yemfazwe yesoftware ngoku iyaliwa kwihlabathi lezixhobo eziphathwayo. Ingaba i-Red Hat ibekwe njani kule ndawo?

Siye sacinga kakhulu malunga nokuba ngaba kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba kwiimarike zeenkqubo zokusebenza eziphathwayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo iLinux ikhona kwesi sithuba, kodwa asikayifumani imodeli esebenzela iRed Hat okwangoku. Abantu bayasihlawula ngesoftware yethu kunye nenkxaso yethu kwizicelo zabo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Imodeli yethu ayisebenzi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Oko kuthethiweyo, sibona inguquko enkulu kwi-middelware yethu ukuphendula kwihlabathi eliphathwayo. Ezi zixhobo zifuna ngokusisiseko amandla afanayo kunye namacandelo anokubonelela ngeseva yesicelo kwaye ukusuka kuloo mbono senza umsebenzi omningi kwindawo yeselula.

Okokugqibela kunye nokuvala ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, ikamva liya kwenzeka phi?

Njengoko siqhubela phambili kwi-paradigm entsha yekhompyuter kunye neemodeli ezintsha zokuhanjiswa kwe-IT, utshintsho lubaluleke kakhulu. I-tandem eyenziwe yi-Intel kunye neWindows yayiphumelele inguqu enkulu yangaphambili kwaye kuya kuhlala kubonakala ukuba ngubani oza kuphumelela kwesi sizukulwana. Namhlanje kukho iinketho ezimbini ezinkulu: I-VMware, eqhubela phambili ekuguquleni kwayo kwiMicrosoft entsha, kunye ne-Red Hat, eyona ndlela yokwenyani, kungekhona kwiimveliso, nayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into malunga nombono. Olo iya kuba lukhetho onokuthi ulwenze kule minyaka mithathu okanye mihlanu izayo: uyafuna inkampani yohlobo lweMicrosoft okanye inkampani esekela inkqubela phambili yayo kwimodeli yeshishini lomthombo ovulekileyo kwixesha elitsha, elivuleleke ngokwenene?