I-Arch Linux: Isikhokelo soFakelo esiSisiseko esihlaziyiweyo.

Okokuqala, esi sisikhokelo esisesikhathini kwinkqubo yofakelo lwenkqubo ye igophe ngokusekwe kwizikhokelo ze I-GESPADAS kunye I-Arch Linux isikhokelo esingafanelekanga.

Akukho nto intsha ukuxelela kuba zombini zibalasele kodwa kwabo bathatha isigqibo sokuyifaka kunye nokuyivavanya, esi sikhokelo sijolise ekubeni luncedo kwaye sihlaziyiwe kwi-ISO yamva nje ekhutshwe kulwabiwo olubandakanya SYSTEMD ngokuzenzekela.

Nangona sele ndinamava kusasazo, ndiye ndaphawula ukuba kukho ezinye iinkcukacha kule nkqubo kwaye ke ndiza kuzilungisa.

UKUFAKWA KWEENDABA ZOKUFUNDA:

Nje ukuba umfanekiso ukhutshelwe ngaphandle kukho iindlela ezimbini ezinokubakho:

• Tshisa umfanekiso kwiCD / DVD ngenkqubo ehambelana nayo (K3B, Brasero, XFBurn, njl.
• Sebenzisa intonga ye-USB okanye PENDRIVE (sebenzisa dd command).

UKUQALA KUNYE NOKULUNGISELELA EKUQALENI

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweProsesa esinayo (i-32 okanye i-64 Bits) sikhetha ehambelana nayo:

Nje ukuba inkqubo igqityiwe, ukukhawulezisa kuya kuboniswa sele ungene njenge-ROOT.

IBHODI NE ALPHABET

Okokuqala, kufuneka usete ubumbeko lwebhodi yezitshixo, kuba kufuneka ubhale oku kulandelayo:

# loadkeys distribucion teclado

Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iikeyboard kwiLatin American Spanish, sebenzisa la-latin1 okanye ukuba yiSpanish iSpain okanye isiko, kanye es. Ukufumana enye imbekiselo apha.

Uhlobo loonobumba kufuneka lutshintshwe, kuba uninzi lweelwimi zisebenzisa imiqondiso engaphezulu koonobumba abangama-26 boonobumba besiNgesi. Ngaphandle koko, abanye oonobumba abangaqhelekanga banokuvela njengezikwere ezimhlophe okanye ezinye iisimboli. Ukuthintela oku kungasentla, kufuneka uchaze:

# isethingi Isiphelo seLat2 16

ULWIMI UKUFAKWA

Ngokuzenzekelayo, ulwimi lusetelwe kwi-US English. Ukutshintsha ulwimi kwinkqubo yofakelo (ISpanish, umzekelo), susa uphawu # phambi kwe zendawo ufuna ibekwe kwifayile /etc/locale.gen, Kunye nesiNgesi (iUSA).

# nano /etc/locale.gen
EN_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
I -UTF-8 UTF-8

Cinezela Ctrl X ukuphuma, kwaye xa ikucela ukuba ugcine utshintsho, cinezela Y kwaye emva koko Intro ukusebenzisa igama elifanayo lefayile.

Ukucacisa oku kungasentla, nceda wenze oku kulandelayo:

# indawo-gen 
# ukuthumela ngaphandle LANG = es_ES.UTF-8

UQHAGAMSHELWANO KWINethiwekhi

Ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lofakelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukwenze ngaphezulu kwenethiwekhi enentambo kuba abaqhubi kunye nefirmware banokubonisa iingxaki. Ukuqwalaselwa kwekhadi elingenazingcingo kunokwenziwa emva kokuba inkqubo yokufaka inkqubo yesiseko igqityiwe.

Ngokubanzi, inethiwekhi eneentambo inegama eth0 (umlinganiswa wokugqibela nguZERO)  ke kuya kufuneka ubhale oku kulandelayo:

ip ikhonkco isete eth0 phezulu
Dhclient eth0

Lungiselela OKANYE UHLULELE IDrive ENZIMA

ISAZISO: Ukulungiselela esi sikhokelo, kuya kuthathwa ngokuba iArch iya kufakwa njengekuphela kwenkqubo kwiPC, yemeko ezixubeneyo, nceda ujonge amaxwebhu ahambelanayo.

Ukwahlulahlula idiski, into eluncedo iya kusetyenziswa cfdisk. Ngale nto sibhala kwisiphelo sendlela:

#cfdisk 

Iya kubonisa into enje:

Ukwahlula idiski ngokubanzi kuninzi kakhulu kunambitha yomsebenzisi, ke inkqubo eboniswe apha sisiphakamiso nje.

Izahlulo ezi-4 ziya kwenziwa kwidiski eya kuthi: IBHODI, Ingcambu, Ikhaya y SWAP.

BOOT: Kulapho iifayile eziyimfuneko ziya kugcinelwa khona ukuqalelisa Archlinux (njenge kernel, imifanekiso imvu, i bootloader, njl). Kucetyiswa ubungakanani be-100 MiB (akukho sidingo sokuyinika indawo eninzi).

/ (Ingcambu)Inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa ziya kufakwa apha. Ubungakanani bayo buxhomekeke ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunika Archlinux. Malunga ne-10 GiB kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yesiqhelo; Ukuba ucinga ukuba uza kufaka usetyenziso (imidlalo, phakathi kwabo), kungcono ucinge malunga ne-20 okanye i-30 GiB.

HOMEApho iisetingi zethu ziya kugcinwa khona, useto lwezicelo (kunye neeprofayili zakho kuzo), kwaye ngokwesiko idatha yethu (amaxwebhu, iifoto, iividiyo, njl.njl.), Ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwabelwe indawo ebonakalayo yediski.

SWAPOkokugqibela, indawo apho ulwazi lwe-RAM ligcinwa khona okwethutyana (xa igcwele) kwidiski enzima. Ubungakanani boku kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi-RAM ebonakalayo efakwe kwi-PC. Ukuba une-1GB engaphantsi kwe-1GB kuyacetyiswa ukuyabela kabini ubungakanani be-RAM ebonakalayo. Ukuba unenani eliphakathi lememori, njenge-1GB umzekelo, kuyacetyiswa ukwabela ubungakanani obufanayo kwi-SWAP. Ukuba unenkumbulo engaphezulu, oku kungasentla akusebenzi kwaye nge-2 okanye nge-XNUMXGB eyabiweyo ingaphezulu kokwaneleyo.

Enye inkcukacha ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yimeko yeelaptops xa le nkqubo ifihliwe okanye imisiwe. Ke ngoko, ukuba uza kufaka iArch kwilaptop, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unikezele SWAP ubungakanani obulinganayo RAM i-physics efakiweyo.

Ukusebenzisa cfdisk Kuya kufuneka senze isikimu sokwahlulahlula esikhethiweyo, senze isahlulelo esinye ngexesha, ngokulandelelana kwemiyalelo Entsha »ePrayimari | Ingqiqo »Ubungakanani (kwi-MB)» Ukuqala.

Iinkcukacha ezimbini ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo:

• Kwimeko yesahlulelo esikhethwe njenge Shintsha, yiya kukhetho "uhlobo”Kwaye ukhethe 82 (Ukutshintshwa kweLinuxyoluhlu.
• Kwimeko yesahlulelo esikhethwe njenge / ibhodi, khetha ukhetho "Ukuhlaziywa"

Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka unento njengoko ubonile kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:

Nje ukuba sikhuseleke, kufuneka sikhethe ukhetho "Bhala", Kwaye uqinisekise ngokuchwetheza"ewe", Ukubhala itheyibhile entsha yokwahlulahlula. Le nkqubo isusa wonke umxholo wangaphambili kwi-hard drive!

Ukuphuma cfdisk, ukukhetha "yeka".

QAPHELA: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula "igama" lokwahlulahlula, njengoko siza kulisebenzisa kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Umzekelo: sda1 = isihlangu, sda2 =/, sda3 = ekhaya kunye sda4 = tshintsha.

IFOMU YOKUHLOLA

ukuba boot i-ext2 iya kusetyenziswa kuba ukushicilelwa akukho mfuneko apha:

# mkfs -t ext2 / dev / sda1

ukuba /Sebenzisa ext4:

# mkfx -t ext4 / dev / sda2

ukuba home, sebenzisa ext4:

# mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3

ukuba swap:

# mkswap / dev / sda4

Sisebenza ukwahlulahlula:

swapon / dev / sda4

IZIQENDU ZENTABA

Isahlulo ngasinye sichongwa ngesimamva samanani. Umzekelo, sda1 icacisa isahlulelo sokuqala sediski yokuqala, ngelixa sda ibonisa yonke idiski.

Nyusa isahlulelo / en /mnt:

ukukhwela / dev / sda2 / mnt

Yenza imikhombandlela yolunye ulwahlulo ngaphakathi /mnt:

mkdir / mnt / boot
mkdir / mnt / ekhaya

Nyusa izahlulelo ezahlukeneyo:

mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / boot
ukukhwela / dev / sda3 / mnt / ikhaya

Isikhokelo sikaArch sicebisa ukuba ukhethe isipili, kodwa oku akuyomfuneko kwaye ndiza kuyitsiba.

FAKA INKQUBO YESISEKO

Siza kusebenzisa iskripthi sokufaka esibizwa ngokuba pacstrap ukufaka inkqubo base. Kwakhona iqela lephakheji base-devel kufuneka ifakwe ukuba uceba ukwenza isoftware kamva AUR. Ukwenza oku senza oku kulandelayo:

i-pacstrap / mnt base-devel

Nje ukuba inkqubo igqityiwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufake (faka kuphela) i-bootloader. Ndisebenzisa ngokwam SYSLINUX kodwa ndiza kusebenzisa GRUB Esi sikhokelo.

Ukufaka i-bootloader sibhala oku kulandelayo:

pacstrap / mnt grub-bios

Ku malunga GRUB yenzelwe ukuba BIOS. Ukuba unomdla kwimpikiswano UEFI, Ndikucebisa ukuba ufunde amaxwebhu asemthethweni. Ukuba awunguye umlandeli we GRUBungafaka syslinux. nangona okwangoku ingenayo inkxaso ye UEFI.

UKUQULUNQWA KWENKQUBO

Kuqala siza kuvelisa ifayile fstab. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

# genfstab -p / mnt >> / mnt / njl / fstab

Ukuba uhlangabezana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwinkqubo yofakelo emva kokusebenza genfstab, Sukuyiqhuba kwakhona njengoko ingayi kuyenza, kulula ukuhlela ifayile fstab.

Ngapha koko kukho ingxaki encinci apha, ukusukela kwidilesi yokwahlulahlula swap ayikhathalelwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlele ifayile. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

# nano / mnt / njl / fstab

Kukho izinto ekufuneka uzenzile apha. Okokuqala ukwahlula root Intsimi yokugqibela kufuneka ibengu-1, kwabanye inokuba ngu-2 okanye u-0 (zero). Njengokuba, data=ordered kufuneka isuswe njengoko olu khetho lusetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo nokuba luchaziwe okanye hayi. Ekugqibeleni kuyakufuneka ukongeza /dev/sda4 (ngumgca wokugqibela) ukuze ukwahlulahlulahlulwe swap yenziwe isebenze ukuqala. Ukugcina utshintsho cofa indibaniselwano yesitshixo Control xEmva koko bhala y landelwa INTRO. Ukucaca ngakumbi, nantsi umfanekiso weskrini:

Eminye imisebenzi yoqwalaselo, siya kuyenza chroot kwinkqubo yethu esandula ukufakwa. Ukwenza oku, bhala oku kulandelayo:

i-arch-chroot / mnt

Kweli nqanaba, ezona fayile zoqwalaselo ziphambili zenkqubo yedatha kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Arch Linux. Ezi zinokwenziwa ukuba azikho, okanye, ukuba zikhona, zihlelwe ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha amaxabiso asisiseko. Ukulandela ngokusondeleyo kunye nokuqonda la manyathelo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inkqubo emiselweyo.

INDAWO: Ungaphazanyiswa yinto esele yenziwe ngaphambili, eli nyathelo kukucwangcisa ulwimi lokugqibela ukufaka. Zimbini iifayile ezifuna ukulungiswa: locale.gen y locale.conf.

locale.gen ayinanto ngokungagqibekanga (Oko kukuthi, onke amangenelo aphawuleyo kwaye ke awasebenzi) kwaye uphawu kufuneka lususwe # phambi komgca (s) ofuna ukuwenza usebenze. Uncomment ngaphezulu komgca omnye, ngaphandle kwesiNgesi (US), ukuba nje imigca ekhethiweyo iqulethe ikhowudi UTF-8:

# nano /etc/locale.gen en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 en_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8

Nje ukuba ifayile igcinwe, yenza:

# indawo-gen

Le nkqubo iyakwenziwa kuhlaziyo ngalunye (apho kungafuneki ungenelelo lomsebenzisi) ukusuka glibc, sihlaziya onke amaziko abandakanyiwe /etc/locale.gen.

locale.conf Ayisebenzi ngokungagqibekanga. ke ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela senza oku kulandelayo:

# echo LANG = es_ES.UTF-8> /etc/locale.conf # ukuthumela ngaphandle LANG = es_ES.UTF-8

vconsole.conf Apha sichaza ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo kunye nefonti (ifonti) yekhonsoli. Ukwenza oku, yenza oku kulandelayo:

# nano /etc/vconsole.conf

Uya kuboniswa ifayile engenanto kwaye uthayiphe oku kulandelayo:

KEYMAP = "la-latin1" FONT = "Lat2-Terminus16" FONT_MAP =

timezone Ikhonkco lokomfuziselo /etc/localtime kwifayile yakho yendawo /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/Local usebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

# ln -s / usr / share / zoneinfo / America / Hermosillo / njl / ixesha lendawo

hardware clock Icwangcisa imo yewotshi yentsimbi ngokufanayo kwiinkqubo zakho zokusebenza. Ngaphandle koko, iwotshi yehardware inokubhalwa ngaphezulu kwaye ibangele ii-jet lags.

Inokuvelisa /etc/adjtime ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa omnye wale miyalelo ilandelayo:

# hwclock -systohc -utc

kunye nexesha lendawo:

# hwclock -systohc -ixesha lendawo

Le yokugqibela ayikhuthazwa.

IIMODYULI ZEKERNEL

Ukulayisha iimodyuli zekernel ngexesha lokuqalisa, beka ifayile ngolwandiso *.conf kwifolda /etc/modules-load.d/, enegama lefayile elibhekisa kwinkqubo esetyenziswayo.

Zonke iimodyuli eziyimfuneko zilayishwa ngokuzenzekelayo udev, ngenxa yoko kunqabile ukuba udibanise nantoni na apha. Kufuneka udibanise iimodyuli ezaziwayo ukuba azikho.

# nano /etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf virtio-net

IGAMA LOMBUNGAZI

Yongeza eyakho hostname kwindawo yogcino /etc/hostname. Kufanelekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba hostname Ligama eliya kuthi labelwe izixhobo kwaye ngendlela enokuthi yamkelwe ngayo kuthungelwano. Ukwenza oku kwaye ukusuka kwikhonsoli bhala oku kulandelayo:

# ndalahlelwa ngaphandle igama lam > / njl / igama lomninimzi

Hlela ifayile hosts ukubhalisa myhostname isetyenzisiwe. Ukwenza oku, yenza oku kulandelayo:

# nano / etc / hosts 127.0.0.1 yendawo yangaphakathi igama lam :: 1 indawo yokuhlala igama lam

Gcina ifayile kwaye uphume.

Ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa inethiwekhi enentambo yofakelo, okomzuzwana kunye nokuqala ngenkonzo yenethiwekhi, bhala oku kulandelayo kwisiphelo sendlela:

# systemctl vumela dhcpcd @ .inkonzo

Qinisekisa ukuba ujongano lwenethiwekhi luchanekile (ngesiqhelo eth0Siza kuqinisekisa kwi /etc/conf.d/netcfg. Ukwenza oku, uncomment okanye ususe # ukusuka WIRED_INTERFACE = »eth0 ″. Ukuqhubeka ezantsi kwifayile yinkcazo yenethiwekhi engenazingcingo. Okomzuzu uphawule okanye ubeke uphawu #. Gcina ifayile kwaye uphume.

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uhlele ifayile pacman.conf. Ukwenza oku kwisiphelo sendlela okanye ikhonsoli yenza oku kulandelayo:

# nano /etc/pacman.conf

Apha ungongeza okanye uguqule indawo yokugcina. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyishiye njengoko injalo kwaye wongeze okanye wenze ezo zinto ziyimfuneko.
Ukuba ufake IArch Linux x86_64Kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze ngokususa # ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina izinto [multilib].

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa AUR, Kuya kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo: Ekupheleni kwefayile bhala:

[archlinuxfr] SigLevel = Umncedisi wePakethe yePakethe = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch

Gcina kwaye uphume.

YENZA UBUME BOKUQALA KWE-RAMDISK

Apha ndincoma ngokobuqu ukongeza i KEYMAP ukuze ilayishwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwasekuqaleni. Ngale nto kufuneka uhlele ifayile mkinitcpio.conf. Kwisiphelo okanye ikhonsoli sibhala:

# nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

Kuya kufuneka yongezwe kumgca wokugqibela we HOOKS igama KEYMAP. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba kusekupheleni, embindini okanye ekuqaleni. Umzekelo:

Gcina utshintsho kwaye uphume kwifayile. Kwenziwe apha ngasentla, emva koko siqhubeke ukuvelisa ifayile ye ramdisk Ukubhala lo myalelo ulandelayo:

# mkinitcpio -p linux

UMPHATHI WOKUQALA

Sele siyifakile i-bootloader grub kwaye apha siza kuqhubeka nokuyiqwalasela. Isizathu sokwenza ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukuba nanini na ndiyenza njengoko kuchaziwe kwisikhokelo se-GESPADAS ndinemiyalezo yeempazamo kwaye zihlala zindikhokelela ekubeni kufuneka ndiphinde ndiyilungise yonke le nkqubo.

Ukufunda kuqhelaniso ndiye ndaqonda ukuba kungcono ukuyivelisa xa sele yonke into ilungisiwe kunye nomfanekiso webhuthi wenziwe.

Yenza la manyathelo alandelayo:

# i-grub-faka / i-dev / sda # cp / usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo

okanye ikwasetyenziswa (kusetyenziswa yiGESPADAS)

# cp /boot/grub/locale/en@quot.mo /boot/grub/locale/en_US.mo

Eli nyathelo lokugqibela lolungiso lwe- bug yintoni GRUB hayi iArch, emva koko yenza oku kulandelayo:

# i-grub-mkconfig -o / boot / grub / grub.cfg

Le nkqubo yokugqibela izakuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo ifayile yoqwalaselo ye GRUB.

Nje ukuba oku kungasentla kugqityiwe, siya kuqhubeka ukubeka contraseña al usuario ROOT. Ukwenza oku kwisiphelo sendlela sibhala:

#ndiyabulela

Uya kucelwa ukuba ufake ipassword kwaye uyiqinisekise.

Ngale nto, ubumbeko bugqityiwe, ngoku kuya kufuneka uphume kwindalo esingqongileyo chroot. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka ubhale exit.

Kuya kufuneka wehlise izahlulelo, ukuze ubhale oku kulandelayo kwisiphelo sendlela:

# ukunyuka / mnt / {ukuqala, ekhaya,}

Ngoku ewe, siqala inkqubo yethu ngo:

# ukuqala kwakhona

Ungalibali ukususa ufakelo lweCD / iDVD okanye i-USB, kunye nokuba kunyanzelekile ukuba uphinde uhlele iodolo yeeyunithi (oku kwenziwa kwi-bios yePC).

Oku kulandelayo kuya kuvela kwiscreen:

Ngoku sibhala ingcambu kwisikhombisi kunye negama lokugqitha esilichazayo kunye ne-voila, sikwiNkqubo yethu yeArch, isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilungele ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Yeka ngaphambi koko ngokobuqu ndincoma ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

Kuqala kufuneka ufake izixhobo zothando; ukwenza oku, yenza oku kulandelayo:

#pacman -S sudo

Ke kwisiphelo sendlela sibhala:

UMHLELI = nano visudo

Uncomment umgca apho iqela livela khona %wheel. Uya kuqaphela ukuba kukho ezi-2, mna ngokwam ndincomela ukungaphumeleli ekubuzeni igama eligqithisiweyo. Oku kuyasivumela ukuba senze imiyalelo evela root kunye nomsebenzisi wethu.

Ngoku sifaka usetyenziso YAOURT, esivumela ukuba siqhube ufakelo lwesicelo kwii-repos ze AUR. Ukwenza oku kwisiphelo sendlela ubeke oku kulandelayo:

# pacman -S iyourt

Yenza umsebenzisi wethu:

#useradd

Ngenisa igama lokungena igama lomsebenzisi oza kulisebenzisa, kwi additional groups umbhali:

iaudiyo, i-lp, i-optical, ukugcinwa kwevidiyo, ivili, imidlalo, amandla, iskena

Eminye cinezela nje isitshixo INTRO. Nika ingqalelo kuba uya kubuzwa imibuzo kwaye omnye wayo ligama lakho. Enoba uyafuna ukuyibeka okanye akunjalo ngumbandela wobuqu, kodwa musa ukuwashiya ungenanto.

Qalisa kwakhona inkqubo kwakhona, kodwa sebenzisa systemctl reboot kwaye ungene ngemvume ngomsebenzisi osandula ukumdala.

Ukusuka apha unokwenza utshintsho kunye noqwalaselo oluyimfuneko lokushiya izixhobo zakho ngokupheleleyo ukuthanda kwakho kwaye uzenze ngokwezifiso zakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuluncedo, njengoko senditshilo, ukufaka oku kusasazwa okungekho nzima kwaphela, kuphela xa kucelwa ingqalelo nomsebenzi.

Njengoko benditshilo ekuqaleni, esi sikhokelo sisekwe kumsebenzi we I-GESPADAS kunye nesikhokelo esingekho semthethweni se Arch Linux.

Nazi ezinye izikrini ezi-2 zofakelo endizenzileyo:

Ikhompyuter yam yeNetbook eneGNOME SHELL 3.4:

Idesktop yam ene-XFCE 4.10: