Firmware, amaphupha amabi Icandelo 4: Umncintiswano wokuncancisa iqhude

Inxalenye yenkxalabo ofuna ukuba i-kernel iphathe i-boot ekhuselekileyo kwinqanaba eliphantsi kungenxa yokuba izitshixo zeMicrosoft zinokusetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza inkqubo, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, bayoyika ukuba iMicrosoft izakukhubaza isitshixo kwaye ke ngenxa yeLinux PCs. sebenzisa isitshixo (kwaye akukho mntu ufuna oko).

Yonke le nto iqale ngesicelo sokutsala esivela kuDavid Howells esivumele iMicrosoft isayine amaqhosha ebhinari ukuba alayishwe ngamandla kwi-kernel eqhuba kwimodi yokukhuseleka ekhuselekileyo. Lowo wayenengubo wayecinga ukuba yinkomo kwaye kungangcono ukuphucula i-X.509 parser. U-Matthew Garrett uphendula athi, inye kuphela igunya lokutyikitya kwaye batyikitya kuphela ii-binaries ze-PE (ezinokuphunyezwa). Kwaye apha uLinus uyeka ulwimi lwakhe olubukhali kwaye uthi:

Bafo, ayisiyiyo iqhude elincancisayo. Ukuba ufuna ukubonisa i-binaries ye-PE, qhubeka. Ukuba iRed Hat ifuna ukukubuza uqala onzulu KwiMicrosoft, yingxaki * yakho. Ayinanto yakwenza nekernel endiyigcinayo. Kunqabile ukuba ube nomatshini wokutyikitya oza kutyhila i-PE yokubini, uqinisekise utyikityo, kwaye utyikitye isitshixo esivelisayo ngesitshixo sayo. Sele beyibhalile ikhowudi, nguThixo, ikulolo hlobo lokwehla. Kutheni ndifanele ndikhathalele? Kutheni le nto i-kernel kufuneka inike ikaka ngathi "sisayina kuphela ii-binaries ze-PE"? Siyayixhasa iX.509, yona imigangatho yokusayina. Yenze kwicala lomsebenzisi kumatshini onokuthenjwa. Akukho sizathu sokwenza oko kwi-kernel.

UMateyu uyaphendula:

Abathengisi bafuna ukuzisa izitshixo ezisayinwe ngumntu wesithathu othembekileyo. Ngoku kuphela kokulinganisa iMicrosoft, kuba kubonakala ukuba kuphela kwento abathengisi abayithandayo ngaphezu kwe-crappy firmware ilandela iinkcukacha zeMicrosoft. Ukulingana ayisiyo nje iRed Hat (okanye nantoni na) ukuphinda isayine ezo zitshixo ngokwenkqubo, kukusayina kwakhona ezo zitshixo ngesitshixo esithembekileyo ngekernel ephezulu. Ngaba ungakulungela ukuphatha isitshixo osithembileyo ngokungagqibekanga ukuba ilungu loluntu elithembekileyo libamba inkonzo yokutyikitya kwakhona? Okanye ngaba sicinga ukuba nabani na ofuna ukumilisela iimodyuli zangaphandle sisidenge kwaye kufanelekile ukuba lusizi?

I-Linus iyaphendula ukuba iyathandabuza ukuba ngubani okhathalayo. Ukuba sele kububudenge ukusayina iimodyuli zekernel ngesitshixo seMicrosoft. Kwakhona, iRed Hat iya kusayina iimodyuli ze-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD. UPeter Jones uthi hayi, iRed Hat ayizukutyikitya nayiphi na imodyuli eyakhiwe ngomnye. UGarret wongeza ukuba i-RHEL iyakuphela ixhomekeke kwizitshixo ezivela kwi-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ziya kusekelwa kwinkonzo yokutyikitya kukaMicrosoft.

Kwaye kulapho ndinqumama kwaye ndishwankathela inxenye kunye nenkohlakalo kwabo bangafuniyo ukuya kwiinkcukacha zobuchwephesha:

Lonke uphuhliso olujikeleze isihlangu esikhuselekileyo sele luphambene, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abathengisi behardware (ezona zinkulu zibalulekileyo ubuncinci) usafuna ukujula kuMicrosoft.

Ke uLinus uthathe isigqibo sokwenza ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo, ke bayeke ukuntywila ……:

Yinqumle kunye noloyiko.

Yile nto ndingacebisa ngayo, kwaye isekwe kwi UKHUSELEKO LOKWENENE nangaphakathi BEKA UMSEBENZI WOKUQALA endaweni yakhe "masiyonwabele iMicrosoft ngokwenza ubuqhetseba" indlela.

Ke endaweni yokukholisa iMicrosoft, masizame ukubona ukuba singalongeza njani ngokwenene ukhuseleko:

- i-distro kufuneka isayine iimodyuli zayo KUNYE OKUNYE OKUNGAKUMBI emiselweyo. Kwaye ayifanele ivumele nayiphi na enye imodyuli ukuba ilayishe ngokungagqibekanga nokuba, kuba kutheni kufanelekile? Kwaye yintoni isihogo inkampani yaseMicrosoft enento yokwenza nenye into?

-Ngaphambi kokuba ulayishe ezinye iimodyuli zomntu wesithathu, qiniseka Cela umsebenzisi imvume. Kwikhonsoli. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izitshixo. Akukho nto kuloo nto. Izitshixo ziya kuncitshiswa. Zama ukunciphisa umda kumonakalo, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, umsebenzisi makabe nolawulo.

Izinto zobomi ezinjengezitshixo ezingahleliwe kumamkeli ngamnye- ngokujongwa kobudenge kwe-UEFI kukhubazekile ukuba kukho imfuneko. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kukhuseleka ngakumbi ngokuxhomekeka kwingcambu ethile yentembeko esekwe kwinkampani enkulu, abasemagunyeni batyikitye nabani na onekhadi letyala. Zama ukufundisa ezo zinto ebantwini. Khuthaza abantu ukuba benze ezabo izitshixo (ezingahleliwe), kwaye ubongeze kuseto lwe-UEFI (okanye hayi: yonke into malunga ne-UEFI ingaphezulu kolawulo kunokhuseleko), kwaye uzame ukwenza izinto ezinjengokusayina ixesha elinye kunye nesitshixo sabucala esilahliweyo. Ngamanye amagama, zama ukuphilisa olo hlobo lokhuseleko njengo "siyaqinisekisa ukubuza umsebenzisi ngokucacileyo ngezilumkiso ezinkulu kwaye sizenzele esabo isitshixo semodyuli ethile." Ukhuseleko lokwenene, hayi ukhuseleko "silawula umsebenzisi."

Ngokuqinisekileyo, abasebenzisi baya kuyikroba nayo. Bazofuna ukulayisha iimodyuli ezibini zeNVIDIA kunye nayo yonke loo nto. Kodwa makube njalo SU isigqibo, nangaphantsi SU lawula, endaweni yokuxelela umhlaba ukuba le nto mayisikelelwe njani yiMicrosoft.

Kungenxa yokuba oku akufuneki kube malunga neentsikelelo ze-MS, kodwa malunga intsikelelo yomsebenzisi kwiimodyuli zekernel.

Ukunyaniseka, uyilento abantu abachasayo abaphambili aboyikayo. Uthengisa "ulawulo, hayi ukhuseleko". Zonke "i-MS zingumnini womatshini wakho" yindlela engeyiyo yokusebenzisa iiphasiwedi.

Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili intambo yehla ... kwaye ayifanelekanga ukuba ilandelwe.

Abahlobo DesdeLinux. Hoy cumplo mi primer aniversario como redactor en un blog de linux, a pesar de no haber debutado como tal aquí sino en el blog de frannoe que por entonces se llamaba Ubuntu Cosillas y que hoy es LMDE Cosillas. Y fue allí un 2 de marzo cuando escribí el primer capítulo de esta saga del firmware que luego continué aquí. Quisiera agradecer a todos los que me leen y me leyeron, sobretodo a Frannoe y todo el staff de Desdelinux por hacerme un lugar. Si no fuese por haber hecho aquel curso de Programación Funcional Avanzada, y un compañero que me sugirió usar un linux para trabajar con ghc, seguro que me seguiría importando 3 pepinos todo lo de linux.

Ndiza kuphetha ngesi sigwebo: "Ukuba awukhwaza ngokungazi kwakho, akukho mntu uzakuphuma azokulungisa kwaye ke ngenxa yoko uyakuba ulungile"

Izithuba ezifanelekileyo ezikuluhlu lwee-kernel:

https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/2/21/196

https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/2/21/228

https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/2/21/275

https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/2/25/487


Izimvo ezi-11, shiya ezakho

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
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  1.   Juan Carlos sitsho

    Inqaku lelokuba ukuba abavelisi beencwadi kunye nabanye ngokuqinisekileyo basemva kwe-UEFI yeWintel (akufuneki silibale ukuba i-UEFI ngumbono we-Intel), kwaye, kwimeko embi, bonke bagqiba ekubeni bangabandakanyi ukhetho lokuyicima, ii-Linux distros zi Ndiza kujongeka ndimnyama ukuba abanasiginitsha, kwaye ndicinga ukuba yinto abantu baseRedHat abayiqapheleyo. Ndifuna ukubona ukuba bazokwenzani kwiminyaka embalwa xa iLinux ingenakufakelwa kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter entsha kuba ayinatyikityo.

    1.    Ankh sitsho

      Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ulwabiwo luya kutyikitya ikernel ngezitshixo ezisayinwe nguMicrosoft. Ngapha koko, yile nto sele yenziwe ngabaliqela.
      Oko kuthethwa nguTorvalds kukuba oku kufuneka kusonjululwe kwi-distro nganye, kuba i-kernel ayizukuyenza. Kwaye le yeyona nto inengqiqo, ayinakubuya.

  2.   IPavloco sitsho

    I-Linus yeyona nto ndiyithandayo yokwenene. Kufana nokuba ukhutshiwe kwimovie yeQuentin Tarantino kwaye wabekwa ukuba akhokele uluntu. Unyanisile kuloo nto uyithethayo.

  3.   UAlf sitsho

    Kuthekani ngoomatshini beLinuxMint, ngaba beza ne-UEFI / boot ekhuselekileyo? Ndinyanzelisa ukuba xa ndifuna enye, ndiza kuyithenga enye yazo.

    Umlenze wam unonyaka ubudala, ngelixesha ndifuna elinye ndicinga ukuba i-UEFI / into ekhuselekileyo yesiqalo iya kube sele isonjululwe kakuhle, okanye iphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo, okanye isuswe ngokufanelekileyo, ha.

    1.    merlin i-debianite sitsho

      Ndiyayithandabuza ngokwenene, ayinakwenzeka kuba nangona ibhokisi yemint yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe nge-linuxmint, fedora, ubuntu kunye ne-debian, njengoko isitsho kwinkcazo yayo ke iya kuba bubudenge ukubeka into ekhuselekileyo kwinto eya kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ibe ne-dualboot, okanye yenzelwe simahla okanye ngokukhululekileyo isoftware kwimeko ye-Ubuntu XD.

  4.   nano sitsho

    Ewe, ngumxholo osoloko uvelisa impikiswano okoko yaphuma. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona indlela aqhubela phambili ngayo kwaye njengo-Alf, ndicinga ukuba kwixesha eliphakathi izinto ziya kuphucuka. Kukho abavelisi abaya kusoloko bevumela ukwenziwa kwe-boot ekhuselekileyo kunye nezinye esele zifakelwe i-Linux ezinje nge-ThinkPenguin okanye i-System76, ndiyathemba ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha kuya kuzalwa njengokukhetha ... Ndiza kuhlala ndikhetha ukuthenga into eyi-100% ehambelana nelinux eqinisekisiweyo yokudlala ngawo nawuphi na omnye umatshini.

  5.   iyeva sitsho

    Andikaqondi kakuhle ezi shenanigans ezivela kwi-UEFI kunye nabanye .. Shit .. ngendlela diazepan: Halala! Kuluvuyo kuthi ukuba lapha.

  6.   daniel sitsho

    Ekugqibeleni siya kuthi ekugqibeleni sigqibe ukuthenga izixhobo ezicocekileyo zeseva, oko kukuthi xa bengahambisi le shit apho.
    Kufanele ukuba ibe ngumntu omkhulu ukuba uninzi lweeseva ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo zibaleka kwiLinux kwaye uninzi lwazo (luxhomekeke ekuphatheni kwazo) lukhuseleke kakhulu, ngokungathi ucinga ukuba olu khuseleko luza kubulala yonke le software iyingozi.

  7.   UCharlie-Brown sitsho

    Njengamaxesha onke, NDIYAVUMELANA KAKHULU nokubeka phambili uLinus, njengoko esitsho ngokufanelekileyo, esi sihloko se-UEFI sibaluleke kakhulu malunga "nolawulo" kunokuba "ukhuseleko." Kwelam icala, andiyithembi kwaphela le ndlela yokhuseleko kwaye ukuba iqela eline-UEFI liwela ezandleni zam, into yokuqala endiza kuyenza kukuyenza ingasebenzi kwaye ndiqhubeke njengangaphambili. Kwelinye icala, andikholelwa ukuba abavelisi bezixhobo baya kuthintela ukwenziwa kwe-UEFI njengoko beya kuba semngciphekweni wokuphulukana nesabelo sentengiso; ukuba bazakubakhona abathatha umngcipheko okanye ubuncinci benze njalo kwiimodeli ezithile, andiyithandabuzi, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kuyakuhlala kukho izisombululo, khumbula ukuba le ayisiyonto i-BIOS kwi-steroids kunye nokubanokwenzeka Ukuyihlaziya ngeenguqulelo "ezivulekileyo" kuya kuhlala kungabonakali.

  8.   Alejandro sitsho

    Ngokwazi kwam ukuba i-eufi isebenza kuphela kwi-win8 ukuba ufuna inkqubo yeebhuthi ezimbini kuba ungazenza zingasebenzi i-bios, ngokwayo ayinamsebenzi ukuba une-linux kuphela kwaye usebenze olo khetho kwi-bios kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba Ingxabano enkulu malunga nomcimbi.

  9.   UFabri sitsho

    Esi sihloko sikhulu kum, kodwa ngokutsalwa kobuqu endikubonayo kukuba oonopopi beMicrosoft baqala ukuzibona zimnyama xa babona indlela iLinux ekhule ngayo…. Kwaye ukuba babalawula njani abenzi abakhulu ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha kum kucacile ukuba kutheni inkathazo engaka yile boot ekhuselekileyo ... nkqu nenkampani enkulu okanye ephakathi ndicinga ukuba ndingathatha ezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokubala Ngaphezulu kwaye apho ndiza kuthenga umatshini wam olandelayo ... ngokuqinisekileyo 😉