Iifomathi zobunini kunye neendlela ezizezinye zasimahla

Xa kuziwa kubuchwephesha bolwazi (ICT), enyanisweni "umzabalazo" wethu udlula kude umda wesoftware yasimahla. Ngokwenyani, kukho ubuncinci kwimida ephambili emi-4: izixhobo zasimahla, software free, imigangatho yasimahla y iifomati zasimahlaEli nqaku lisekwe kwinqaku lokuqala le-Estréllate y Arde kwaye lizama ukufaka igalelo kwisanti ukuze sibonise kunye ngobukhulu bomceli mngeni ophambi kwethu.

Kwihlabathi ledijithali, ifayile ye- iifomati Esigcina kuyo idatha yethu, kuba iifomathi zobunini zibeka imiqobo ekusetyenzisweni. Zimbini iintlobo zeefomathi:

1. Iifomathi zobunini (o ivaliwe): Zizo ezo zinemiqobo esemthethweni yokusetyenziswa, azinakuphunyezwa nangubani na kuba iinkcukacha zazo azikho esidlangalaleni, zixhomekeke kwintlawulo yeelayisensi kwaye zilawulwa kwaye zichazwe ngumdla wabucala.
2. iifomati zasimahla (o vula): Ngaba ezo zinenkcazo yesalathiso phantsi kwelayisensi yasimahla kwaye zinokumiliselwa nangubani na ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezisemthethweni zokusetyenziswa. Zihlala zipapashwa kwaye zixhaswa yimibutho ye- imigangatho evulekileyo, nangona uninzi luphuhliswa ziinkampani.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba kukho iifomathi ezininzi, nangona ezinye zinokuthi ziqwalaselwe njenge "hybrids", ze "purists" iseyifomathi yobunini. Ezi, umzekelo, ezo fomathi ezenza ukuba iinkcukacha zabo zaziwe esidlangalaleni (oko kukuthi, ulwakhiwo kunye nengqondo yangaphakathi yeefayile ezigcinwe kuloo fomathi) kodwa iinkqubo ezifunda ezi fomathi "ziyanyanzelwa" ukuba zihlawule iphepha-mvume lokuzisebenzisa. le fomathi ngendlela esemthethweni kwaye ingabi phantsi komthetho kunye nezinye izinto ezisemthethweni. Le yimeko ye MP3. 

Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise kuphela iifomathi zasimahla. Iifomathi zobunini zisenza abasebenzisi abathinjiweyo, ukuqhubela phambili kweefomathi zasimahla akunakuthintelwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Nditsho nokuba ngumvuzo wobugqwetha kwaba baphuhlisi besoftware, njengoko inceda "ukuqhela" ebantwini ukuba basebenzise iinkqubo zakho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iifomathi zefayile abazixhasayo. Esona sizathu sokuba kutheni uninzi lungatshintsheli kwiLinux, umzekelo, kungenxa yokuba ziyazibuza: "... kwaye ndingavula iifayile zeLizwi lam phaya?".

Inkxaso yeefomathi zobunini kwiLinux
Phantse zonke iifomathi (zasimahla nezabanini) ziyaxhaswa kwiLinux.

Makhe sibone iifomathi eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zazo.

Iifayile zombhalo ezingenanto

• Umgangatho osezantsi: TXT (.txt), ifomathi yasimahla.

Amaphepha

• Umgangatho osezantsi: I-DoC (.doc), Ifomathi ye-MS-Word ephathekayo.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: Isicatshulwa seOverDocument (.odt). Amaxwebhu atyebileyo ngokulula sinokusebenzisa ifomathi yasimahla Ifomathi yokubhaliweyo esisityebi (.rff).

Ispredishithi

• Umgangatho osezantsi: I-XLS (.xls), Ifomathi ye-MS-Excel.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: I-OpenDocument Spreadsheet (.iods).

Imiboniso

• Umgangatho osezantsi: PPT (.ppt), Ifomathi ye-MS-PowerPoint yobunini.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: Inkcazo ye-OpenDocument (.odp).

Amaxwebhu (funda kuphela)

• Umgangatho osezantsi: PDF (.pdf), Adobe ifomathi yasimahla.
• Enye indlela ethe ngqo yifomathi yasimahla Djvu (.djvu).
• Zonke iifomathi ezisemgangathweni ze Inkcazo yephepha iilwimi bakhululekile, besaziwa kakhulu IpostiScript (.ps).

Iincwadi

• Iifomathi zobunini: Microsoft Reader (.lit), Uhlobo (.prc, .azw) ,.
• Iifomathi zasimahla: Umbhalo wesicwangciso (.txt), Isicatshulwa esityebileyo (.rff), HTML (.html), PDF (.pdf), Djvu (.djvu), ePub (.epub), IMobiPocket (.mobi), Vula i-Ebook (.eb).

Iifayile ezixinzelelweyo

• Umgangatho osezantsi:
• Iibhola (.tar.gzKwiLinux.
• Ifomathi yasimahla zip (zip) kunye nefomathi yobunini RAR (.rarkwiWindows.
• Ezinye iifomati zasimahla onokuzisebenzisa: 7Zip (.7z), I-GNU Zip (.gz), bZip2 (.bz2), njl
• Zonke iifomathi ezisemgangathweni ze pakisha kunye noxinzelelo Bakhululekile.

Imifanekiso yediski

• Umgangatho we-facto: ISO (.iso), ifomathi yasimahla.
• Ezinye iifomati zasimahla ezisekwe kwi-ISO: CUE / BIN (.bin, .hlangula).
• Iifomathi zobunini: Cofa ifayile yokuLawula iCD (.ccd), Ukufikelela ngqo kugcino (.daa), Umyinge weNkcazo (.mds), I-Nero Burning ROM (.nrg), njl

Imizobo yeBitmap

• Umgangatho we-De facto: akukho nanye, ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-GIF, JPEG kunye nePNG.
• Okwangoku zonke iifomathi ezisemgangathweni ze bitmap Bakhululekile.
• Ifomathi PNG (pngifezekisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho.
• Ngokucacileyo okanye oopopayi, GIF (.gif) lukhetho olufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho.
• Ifomathi JPEG (.jpg) ilungile kwiifoto ezilungiselelwe i-Intanethi, njengoko icinezela kunye nelahleko esemgangathweni, kodwa umgangatho unokulungiswa.
• Ifomathi WebP (.webp) isandula ukwenziwa nguGoogle ngokusekwe kwi-codec VP8. Ikhuphisana ngqo neJPEG.

Uyilo lomzobo

• Umgangatho osezantsi: Photoshop (.psd), Ifomathi yobunini beAdobe Photoshop.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: Izixhobo zeComputer zeExperimental (.xcf), ifomathi yasimahla esetyenziswe kwi GIMP.

Imizobo yeVector

• Umgangatho osezantsi: IMacromedia Flash (.swf), Ifomathi yobunini beAdobe. Kukwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi IMicrosoft Metafile (.wmf).
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: SVG (.svg).

Cad

• Umgangatho osezantsi: DWG (.dwg), Ifomathi yobunini beAutoCAD.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: DXF (.dxf).

3D

• Umgangatho we-facto: akukho, zininzi Iifomathi ze3D.
• Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: X3D (.x3d).

evakalayo

• Umgangatho osezantsi: MP3 (.mp3), Ifomathi yokuthengisa yeFraunhofer Institute.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: I-Ogg Vorbis (ogg), FLAC (.flac) yesandi esilahlekileyo kunye Intetho (ngesiqhelo ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli .ogg) sokurekhoda ilizwi.
• Ezinye iifomathi:
• AAC (.m4a, .mp4), Ifomathi yokuthengisa esetyenziswe iTunes.
• WMA (.wma), Ifomathi yobunini beMS-Windows Media Audio.
• Ixesha elikhawulezayo (.mov), Ifomathi yokuthengisa ka-Apple.
• RealAudio (.ra), Ifomathi yobunini beRealNetworks.
• AMR (.amr), ifomathi yokuthengisa yokurekhoda ilizwi.

yokuzonwabisa

• Umgangatho osezantsi:
• MPEG (.mpg), ifomathi ye-MPEG eyiyo.
• DivX (.avi), Ifomathi yeDivX yokuthengisa.
• Kufuneka sizilahle kwaye sisebenzise:
• UOgg Theora (.ogv).
• Xvid (.avi).
• IWebM (.webm)
• Ezinye iifomathi:
• I-WMV (.wmv), Ifomathi yokuthengisa ye-MS-Windows Media Video.
• Ixesha elikhawulezayo (.mov), Ifomathi yokuthengisa ka-Apple.
• Ividiyo yokwenyani (.rm), Ifomathi yobunini beRealNetworks.

Isikhongozeli semultimedia

Un Isikhongozeli semultimedia Luhlobo lwefayile egcina iaudiyo, ividiyo, imixholo engezantsi, izahluko, idatha yeemeta, njl. Isandi nevidiyo ziya kufakwa kwenye yeefomathi ezingasentla, ke siyakufuna iikhowudi ezifanelekileyo.

• Umgangatho osezantsi:

• MPEG-4 (.mpg), ifomathi ye-MPEG eyiyo.
• AVI (.avi), Ifomathi yobunini beMicrosoft (ASF, .sfUkusasaza).
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise:
• Ogg (ogg).
• Matroska (.mkv).
• Ezinye iifomathi:
• Ixesha elikhawulezayo (.mov), Ifomathi yobunini beApple yee-codec zayo.
• I-Realmedia (.rm), Iifomathi zobunini beRealNetworks zeekhowudi zayo.

DVD

• Cacisa okanye ugqithe kukhuseleko lwe-anti-ikopi yefayile ye- DVD ukubethela akukho semthethweni kumazwe amaninzi (ubuqhetseba). Kodwa kwamanye amazwe ezi zinto zisemthethweni:
• eSpain i ikopi yabucala ekunene ikuvumela ukuba wenze ukhuphelo lwakutshanje lweeDVD kunye neeCD nakweyiphi na indlela.
• E-United States, ezinye izigwebo zibhengeza ukuba kusemthethweni ukubethela inkqubo ye-anti-ikopi ye-DVD IMacrovision ukwenza iikopi zokulondoloza kunye neenkqubo ezifana I-DVD Decrypter.
• ENorway, iinkundla zibhengeze ukuba kusemthethweni ukuchithwa kwe-anti-copy system ye-DVD CSS (Inkqubo yokuKhangela umxholo) kulingo ngokuchasene nokufikisa UJon johansen (aka DVD Jon) xa waphula ialgorithm.

IiVidiyo zeWebhu

• Umgangatho osezantsi: Ividiyo yeFlash (.flv), Ifomathi yobunini beAdobe.
• Kuya kufuneka siyilahle kwaye sisebenzise ifomathi yasimahla: HTML 5 + VP8.