Iimvume zeLinux zaBalawuli beeNkqubo kunye nabaPhuhlisi

Iimvume zeLinux zaBalawuli beeNkqubo kunye nabaPhuhlisi

Iimvume zeLinux zaBalawuli beeNkqubo kunye nabaPhuhlisi

Isihloko seemvume kwi Linux kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okuchanekileyo ngomyalelo we "chmod" yinto edla ngokuvezwa kwaye kuxoxwe ngayo kwi SL Communities. ngabaSebenzi abaPhezulu, amaGcisa kunye nabaLawuli beSeva kunye neeNkqubo. Umzekelo, kwiBlog yethu sineencwadi ezi-2 ezilungileyo kakhulu malunga nayo, ezi: Iimvume kunye namalungelo kwiLinux (01/12) y Iimvume ezisisiseko kwi-GNU/Linux ene-chmod (08/16).

Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi Abaphuhlisi be-SW ngoobani abenza iiNkqubo kunye neeNkqubo, uninzi lwazo iiNkqubo kunye neeWebhusayithi, Xa bephuhlisa, abadli ngokuqwalasela ukuba zeziphi iimvume ezichanekileyo ekufuneka ziphunyezwe kuzo., ushiya umsebenzi phantse rhoqo kwicala lomncedisi kunye nabaLawuli beNkqubo. Kolu papasho siza kuzama ukunika isikhokelo esincinci malunga noku kubo.

IiMvume zeLinux zeDevOps/BDA: Intshayelelo

Intshayelelo

Umyalelo "chmod»iluncedo kakhulu kwaye ibalulekile kusetyenziso oluphambili lwe-Linux-based Operating Systems. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko "i-chmod" ayiyona iphakheji ezimeleyo, kodwa idibaniswe kwiphakheji "engundoqo«. Iphakheji ye "coreutils" yiphakheji ebonelela ngeNkqubo yokuSebenza ngezixhobo ezininzi ezisisiseko zolawulo lwefayile, iitoliki zomyalelo, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwamagama. Kwaye ngokubanzi, sele ifakwe ngokungagqibekanga kwiiLinux Distros ezininzi.

Ngokukodwa, le phakheji iqulethe, ukongeza kumyalelo we "chmod", le miyalelo ilandelayo: arch base64 basename ikati chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp csplit cut umhla dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env ukwandisa expr factor lobuxoki fmt phinda amaqela intloko hostid id fakela ukujoyina ikhonkco ln logname ls mdp mkmp mkpro mkfi nmkdi numfmt od coma i-pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep uhlobo lokwahlula stat stty sum sync tac nomsila tee test ixesha lokuphuma touch tr true trancate tsort tty uname unpand uniq unclink abasebenzisi abanjani vami.

Isishwankathelo, umyalelo "chmod" uvumela umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokulawula iimvume kwiifayile kunye neefolda kubo bonke abasebenzisi abalawulwa yiNkqubo yokuSebenza. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Linux njengeNkqubo yokuSebenza i-multi-user, kwaye ngoko ke, kufuneka ibonelele indawo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yeemvume zokulawula isethi yemisebenzi egunyazisiweyo kwiifayile kunye nezikhokelo, ezibandakanya zonke izixhobo zenkqubo kunye nezixhobo.

Umxholo

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Umxholo 1

Sebenzisa kubaPhuhlisi be-SW

Umncedisi kunye noMlawuli weeNkqubo (i-Sysadmin), xa ugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimvume ezinokuthi zinikezelwe kuMsebenzisi wezinga le-X okanye iprofayili kwifayile ye-X okanye ifolda, kufuneka azi kakuhle ukuba luhlobo luni lwemisebenzi okanye iinkqubo ezifunekayo ukuzenza kuzo. Kwimeko yeSeva yeWebhu, Abasebenzisi banokuhlelwa ngokweentlobo ezi-2:

  1. Abasebenzisi boMlawuli: Bane-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kumncedisi ukuba bangene, banamalungelo athile, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo baqhuba utshintsho oluthile (ukukopisha / ukucima / ukuguqula) kwiNkqubo efakiweyo okanye iWebhusayithi usebenzisa i-SSH okanye i-SFTP, umzekelo.
  2. Abasebenzisi abangabaLawuli: Ukuba abanayo iakhawunti yomsebenzisi kumncedisi, kuba bandwendwela kuphela kwiWebhusayithi kunye neNkqubo yeWebhu. Kwaye ke, abanazo iimvume zokufikelela kwiifayile kunye neefolda ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kunokuba banxibelelane nabo, ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwewebhu lweSiza seWebhu efakiweyo okanye iNkqubo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa iSysadmin ingafumani ngokwaneleyo okanye okwaneleyo ulwazi, uxwebhu, okanye inkxaso evela kubaPhuhlisi be-SW kwizakhono, ukusebenza okanye isakhiwo sefayile yeeWebhusayithi kunye neeNkqubo zeWebhu eziza kufakwa. iphetha ngokwenza umgaqo othembekileyo, othi kulo mzekelo uqhele ukuba:

chmod 777 -R /var/www/sistema-web

Kwaye amaxesha amaninzi iphetha ngokuthi:

chown root:root -R /var/www/sistema-web

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Umxholo 2

Isilumkiso

Oku kudla ngokuba sisenzo esibi, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuthintela nayiphi na ingxaki yeemvume kunye nokuphunyezwa okulambathayo kweeSayithi zeWebhu ezifakiweyo kunye neeNkqubo. Isenzo esibi, ekubeni xa umyalelo we-chmod 777 uphunyezwa ngale ndlela kwifolda kunye neefayile zeWebhusayithi okanye iSistim yeWebhu, akukho khuseleko kuyo yonke into.

Ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzisi weSiza se-intanethi okanye iSistim yeWebhu ukuba atshintshe okanye acime nayiphi na ifayile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sefayile yeSiza okanye iNkqubo yeWebhu ngaphakathi kweSeva yeWebhu okanye ngaphaya, ngaphandle kwemiqobo eyongezelelweyo. Ekubeni kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba yiSeva yeWebhu esebenza egameni labasebenzisi abatyelelayo, kwaye iyakwazi ukutshintsha iifayile ezifanayo eziqhutyelwayo.

Kwaye kwimeko yokuba umsebenzisi ungumhlaseli, kwaye ufumana ubuthathaka kwiWebhusayithi okanye kwiSistim yeWebhu, unokuyisebenzisa ngokulula ukuyingcolisa, ukuyikhubaza., okanye okubi ngakumbi faka ikhowudi ekhohlakeleyo ukwenza uhlaselo lobuqhetseba, okanye ube ulwazi olusuka kumncedisi ngaphandle komntu okwaziyo ngokulula ukwazi.

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Umxholo 3

Iingcebiso

Ukuphepha ezi ntlobo zamanyathelo, nokuba I-Sysadmin okanye i-SW Developer kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba iifolda kunye neefayile zeeNkqubo ezahlukeneyo okanye iiWebhusayithi zineemvume ezichanekileyo neziyimfuneko kunye nabasebenzisi. ukuphepha iingxaki zokhuseleko kunye nemfihlo kwixesha elizayo.

Kwinqanaba leemvume, le miyalelo ye-3 elandelayo inokwenziwa ukubuyisela iimvume kunye nabasebenzisi beNkqubo efakiweyo okanye iWebhusayithi eqhelekileyo., oko kukuthi, misela ixabiso 755 kuzo zonke iirejista kunye ne-644 kwiifayile.

Ngalo lonke ixesha ukhumbula ukuzenza ngaphakathi kweSistim okanye ifolda yeWebhusayithi, ukusukela ukuba ziyenziwa kulawulo oluphezulu (uvimba weefayili), njengengcambu yomncedisi, imiyalelo yomyalelo iza kuguqula ngokuphindaphindiweyo zonke iimvume zomncedisi, inokwenzeka ukuba iyishiye ingasebenzi.

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Umxholo 4

Iimvume ezifakwe kwiifolda (Iincwadi)

U mzekelo

Uvimba weefayili kunye neemvume zefayile

find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

y

chmod 777 -R .

o

chmod 777 -R /var/www/sistema-web

Kwimeko apho ingaphandle kwefolda (uluhlu) lweSistim okanye iWebhusayithi.

Abasebenzisi beSistim okanye iWebhusayithi

chown www-data:www-data -R .

o

chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/sistema-web

Kwimeko apho ingaphandle kwefolda (uluhlu) lweSistim okanye iWebhusayithi. Kwaye umsebenzisi www-data isetyenziswa kuphela njengomzekelo, kuba yeyona isetyenziswayo kwaye ifanelekile xa kufikwa kusetyenziso lweApache2.

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Umxholo 5

Iimvume ezisetyenziswa kwiiFayile (Ficheros)

Nje ukuba utshintsho lwemvume lwenziwe, ungaqhubeleka nokuguqula iimvume zabalawuli kunye neefayile esifuna ukuba neemvume ezahlukeneyo ngesandla.. Kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwakhona utshintshe abanini babasebenzisi abayimfuneko. Ngoko ke, ngeli xesha, zombini i-Sysadmin kunye ne-SW Developers kufuneka bavumelane malunga nokuba zeziphi iimvume ezifunekayo kufuneka zibe kwifolda nganye kunye nefayile kwisakhiwo seNkqubo okanye iWebhusayithi.

Iimvume zeLinux zeSW/BD: Ukuqukumbela

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lweemvume kwiifayile kunye neefolda ze Linux okanye iUNIX-uhlobo lweNkqubo yokuSebenza yenye yeenzuzo ezinkulu kunye neenzuzo zazo., ekubeni zivumela ulawulo olungcono, oluchanekileyo nolukhuselekileyo lwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okufikelela, ukuhlela kunye nokuphunyezwa kweefayile kunye neefolda.

Kwaye ngakumbi, xa kufikwa kwinqanaba leeSeva zeWebhu, oko kukuthi, apho iiNkqubo zangaphakathi nangaphandle okanye iiWebhusayithi zoMbutho zibanjwa, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimvume ezinokuthi zinikezelwe kulawulo ngalunye okanye kwifayile, ukufezekisa eyona bhalansi ilungileyo phakathi kwabucala, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.


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  1.   Ipol28 sitsho

    Molo ekuseni unjani?
    Ndidlala kwi-Linux, ndinesicelo esinokungenisa iifayile kuyo, umsebenzisi ulayisha i-.zip equlethe ifolda enefayile ze-xml, emva kokunciphisa iifayile ezifakwe kwisiseko sedatha. KwiWindows andinangxaki, xa ndidlulisela isicelo kwiLinux ndiza kuphoswa ziimvume ezithile, ngokomgaqo wokuvavanya yonke into endiyenzileyo echazwe kakuhle kweli nqaku kwaye ayifanelanga yenziwe haha ​​​​(kodwa ndiya kuyitshintsha). xa ndinokuqinisekisa yonke imisebenzi) .
    Inyani yeyokuba iifayile zincitshisiwe kodwa ndiyabona ukuba zikhutshelwa kuphela ngeemvume zokufunda nokubhala kumnini, zifundelwa iqela labanini kwaye ngaphandle kweemvume zabanye. Xa umnini weefayile engumsebenzisi osebenzisa isicelo. Ndiyaqonda ukuba ngokungabi namvume yokuphumeza awukwazi ukulandela ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo kwaye uqhubeke ngokufaka i-xml kuvimba weenkcukacha. Ke umbuzo wam uyeza, ndingakunika njani imvume kwiifayile endingekabinazo kwinkqubo? Ifolda ekhutshelweyo (tmp) inazo zonke iimvume, zisetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha iifayile zikhutshelwa ngaphakathi kwelo folda zineemvume ezikhankanyiweyo kuphela. Ngaba kukho nayiphi na indlela yokuba iifayile ezivela kulo lawulo zikwazi ukuphumeza iimvume?
    Ndiyathemba ukuba bendicacile, enkosi kakhulu kwaye ibhlog ebalaseleyo

  2.   Ukufaka i-Linux Post sitsho

    Ndicinga ukuba i-/tmp okanye .../tmp ifolda ineemvume ze-755, kodwa nangona kunjalo, xa umsebenzisi ongumnini wesicelo ezifaka, uzishiya nezinye iimvume. Andingomphuhlisi kodwa ndicinga ukuba ngolwimi lwesicelo okanye omnye unokubonisa kuyo inkqubo eyenza umyalelo womyalelo (bash) weemvume eziyimfuneko (chmod) kunye nomnini weefayile (chown). Kungenjalo, ungaqhuba iskripthi ngomzuzu ngamnye ozenzayo.