Abasebenzisi abaninzi: indlela yokwenza abantu abaninzi basebenzise iPC efanayo ngexesha elinye

Wakhe wacinga malunga nenkunkuma enkulu yezixhobo ezithetha, umzekelo eofisini, ukuba noomatshini abaninzi bale mihla basebenza nje ukuvula usetyenziso olusisiseko lwe desktop? Isisombululo esinye inokuba kukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona ikhomputha kwaye usebenzise oomatshini abadala. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku ngekhe kuthande uninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isisombululo sesibini, esaziwa kancinci esinokugcina wonke umntu onwabile Izolo bendicinga ngesi sihloko ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, enye indlela enomdla inokuba kukudibanisa iimonitha ezininzi, iimpuku kunye neebhodi yezitshixo kwiPC enye, ukuvumela bonke abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zePC kwaye ngaloo ndlela bavelise ukonga okukhulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuncitshiswa Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni. Ukongeza ekufumaneni indlela yokuqhagamshela yonke into, umbuzo ushiyekile wendlela yokwenza inkqubo yokusebenza isebenze ngokuzimeleyo kubasebenzisi nganye. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni iLinux enokuyenza ukusinceda. 🙂

Intshayelelo

Ngokwanda okukhulayo komthamo wehardware, kokubini kwiiprosesa kunye neenkumbulo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili okukhawulezayo kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo ze-GNU / Linux, ngokuya yomelela kwaye nolawulo olungcono lwezixhobo, inani eliphezulu lemisebenzi linokwenziwa kwikhompyuter.imisebenzi ngaphandle kokucothisa. . Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa ubumbeko oluqhelekileyo lwePC yedesktop, ngumsebenzisi omnye kuphela onokusebenzisa ikhompyuter ngexesha, ethintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo njengoko ihlala ingenzi nto ixesha elininzi, igcina izixhobo zayo zingenzi nto.

Ngoqwalaselo lwabasebenzisi abaninzi, abasebenzisi abaninzi banokwabelana ngezixhobo zekhompyuter enye, ke ngoko ipesenti enkulu yesikhundla sayo iya kusetyenziswa, yiyo loo nto kusetyenziswe inkqubo.

Umzekelo, kwiskimu sendabuko, ukuba umntu usebenzisa nje isikhangeli sewebhu okanye ubhala ileta kwiprosesa yamagama, okanye usebenza nespredishithi, okanye ngenkokhelo, uluhlu lwempahla, okanye inkqubo yobalo, iqela elichithwe njenge ubukhulu becala amandla enkqubo ayisetyenziswanga. Kodwa ngoqwalaselo lwee-multi-terminal, abanye abantu baya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinokuthi zingasebenzi.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba umntu usebenzisa zonke izixhobo zomatshini (ngemidlalo emi-3-D okanye into elolo hlobo), abanye abasebenzisi baya kuba nenkqubo ecothayo.

Olunye uncedo olukhulu oluza ne-multiterminal lixabiso: akuyomfuneko ukuthenga ii-motherboards ezahlukeneyo, ii-microprocessors, iinkumbulo ze-RAM, ii-hard drive, iimeko, abalawuli bevolthi kunye nezinye izinto zomsebenzisi ngamnye. Kufuneka uthenge kuphela ikhompyuter elungileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ukuthenga i-microprocessor ekhawulezayo kuxabisa kakhulu kunokuthenga kancinci.

Historia

Ngama-1970, kwakuqhelekile ukudibanisa iitheminali ezininzi, kunye neetheminali zemizobo, kwikhompyuter enye ephambili.

Nangona kunjalo, umbono wokusebenzisa ujongano lweX11 lwangoku ukuxhasa abasebenzisi abaninzi uvele ngo-1999. Yaphunyezwa yiBrazil egama linguMiguel Freitas, isebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux kunye nenkqubo yemizobo yeX11 (ngelo xesha igcinwe yiXFree86). Indlela Freitas ayenze ngayo yayiyipatch kwiseva ye-X yokuqhuba iimeko ezininzi ze-X ngaxeshanye, ngendlela eya kuthi nganye ibambe imicimbi ethile yemouse kunye nekhibhodi kunye nomxholo womzobo. Le ndlela ifumene igama le-multiseat okanye i-multiterminal.

Emva kweFreitas, ezinye izisombululo zavela ngo-2003, ezinje ngezikaSvetoslav Slavtchev, u-Aivils Stoss noJames Simmons abasebenza kwindlela ye-evdev kunye ne-faketty, beguqula i-kernel yeLinux kwaye bevumela ngaphezulu komsebenzisi omnye ukuba bazimelele basebenzise umatshini omnye. Ngelo xesha, iprojekthi yeLinux Console nayo yeza nombono wokusebenzisa izinto ezininzi ezizimeleyo kunye neekhibhodi ezizimeleyo kunye neempuku kwiprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Backstreet Ruby." I-Backstreet Ruby sisixhobo seLinux kernel. Yayibonisa umthi weRuby kernel ubuyela kwiLinux-2.4. Injongo yabaphuhlisi beLinux Console yayikukuphucula kunye nokuhlengahlengisa igalelo, ikhonsoli, kunye neesakhelo ezingumlinganiso wesakhelo kwi-kernel yeLinux, ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo omnye komnye kwaye bavumele ukusebenza kwe-desktop ezininzi. Umbono weRubstreet Ruby awuzange ugqitywe.

Ngo-2005, iqela le-C3SL (iZiko leNzululwazi yeKhompyutha kunye neFree Software), leYunivesithi yaseFederal yaseParaná eBrazil, lenze isisombululo ngokusekwe kwiiseva ze-X ezinje ngeXnest kunye neXephyr. Ngesi sisombululo, iseva nganye ye-X ehleliweyo isebenza kwiscreen ngasinye somncedisi we-X (umzekelo u-Xorg) kunye nokulungiswa kwiseva ezihlanganisiweyo ezivumela ukuba zibekho ngokwahlukileyo kwimouse nganye kunye nokuseta ikhibhodi. Ezi zisombululo bezizezona zisetyenzisiweyo namhlanje ngenxa yozinzo. Ngo-2008, iqela le-C3SL laphehlelela iMultiseat Display Manager (MDM) ukuququzelela inkqubo yokufaka kunye nokumisela ibhokisi ye-multiseat. Kwakhona ngo-2008, eli qela lafumana i-LiveCD ngeenjongo zokuvavanya.

Izinto ezifunekayo

Kubalulekile ukuba nekhompyuter ene-motherboard elungileyo, i-CPU enamandla kunye nenani elifanelekileyo lememori (512 MB okanye nangaphezulu). Oku kuyakuxhomekeka kwinani lezikhundla ofuna ukuzidibanisa.

Ukuze abasebenzisi abaninzi basebenze kwikhompyuter, iimonitha ezininzi, iikhibhodi kunye neempuku kufuneka zidityaniswe kuyo. Umzekelo, ukwenza isikhululo sesine sezikhululo ezininzi (zabasebenzisi aba-4), iimonitha ezi-4, iibhodi yezitshixo ezi-4 kunye neempuku ezi-4 ezifunekayo.

Imonitha nganye kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kwimveliso yevidiyo. Amanye amakhadi evidiyo aneziphumo ezininzi kwaye axhasa iimonitha ezininzi. Ukongeza, uninzi lwala makhadi evidiyo anokufakwa kwikhompyuter, kodwa oomatshini abaninzi banamhlanje bane-PCIe okanye i-AGP slot, ke, ngokubanzi, la makhadi kufuneka abe yi-PCI.

Uninzi lweekhompyuter zinesidibanisi esinye sePS / 2 sekhibhodi kunye nenye yegundwane, ke ukudibanisa iiqhosha ezininzi kunye neempuku kufuneka kwenziwe kusetyenziswa izihlanganisi ze-USB kunye neeHUB ze-USB.

Shwa nkathelo:

• Ndidibanisa nebhodi yomama, i-CPU enamandla, kunye nenani elifanelekileyo le-RAM.
• I-HDD.
• Amakhadi evidiyo e-PCI / AGP / PCI-E aliqela.
• Iibhodi ezahlukeneyo zePS / 2 / USB.
• Iimpuku ezininzi zePS / 2 / USB.
• Ngokukhetha, amakhadi esandi aliqela.
• Usasazo lwe-GNU / Linux.
• I-Xorg 6.9 okanye ngaphezulu.

Izinzuzo

Ukucwangciswa kwamanqwanqwa amaninzi kunenzuzo ebalulekileyo, kuquka:

• Ukugcina indawo kunye neendleko kwiikhompyuter.
• Ukonga kwiilayisensi zesoftware.
• Ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwezixhobo zekhompyuter.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asezantsi.
• Iindleko zokugcina ezisezantsi.

Sebenzisa

Ikhompyuter yabasebenzisi abaninzi inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kukho abantu abasebenza kufutshane, ezinje ngeelebhu zekhompyuter, iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi, iityhubhu eofisini, amasebe enkonzo yabathengi, njl. Ezinye zezi ndawo zezi:

• Izikolo.
• Iiyunivesithi
• Iiofisi.
• Iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi.
• Amathala eencwadi.
• Izibhedlele.
• Amakhaya.

Ukuphunyezwa

Okwangoku, zininzi iindlela zokwenza imultiterminals, kwaye iindlela ezintsha zihlala ziphuhliswa. Akukho "nguqulelo intle," kodwa ezinye iinguqulelo zibhetele kunezinye.

GNU / Linux

Kwiinkqubo ezisebenza njenge-Unix, ezinje nge-GNU / Linux, unxibelelwano nomsebenzisi lwenziwa yi-X Window System. Le nkqubo isekwe kulwakhiwo lomncedisi womthengi, apho umthengi athumela izicelo kwiseva kwaye efumana imicimbi kwizixhobo zongeniso (iikeyboard kunye neempuku). Iiseva ze-X zinenkcazo yesixhobo, njengesixhobo sokufaka okanye iwindow, enikwa abaxhasi bayo. Ezi zixhobo zinxulunyaniswa nescreen, esomsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, imultiterminal esekwe kwi-GNU / Linux kufuneka inikeze isikrini kumsebenzisi ngamnye.

Umncedisi weXorg, umiliselo lwamva nje lweseva ye-X, ayixhasi iziboniso ezininzi. Oku kulandela imodeli yekhompyuter yakho, ethatha umsebenzisi omnye ngexesha. Ukufakwa kwedatha kuyenziwa kwigalelo leKernel eliqhelekileyo, elibizwa ngokuba yiiterminal terminals (VT). Ezi zinikwe amagama kuba zilinganisa iindlela ezindala zokufaka kwiiNdlela eziphambili. I-VT iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo kusetyenziswa isoftware, ukulinganisa i-TTY, isixhobo esasinxibelelaniswe namazibuko alandelanayo. I-Linux kernel ixhasa iitheminali ezininzi, kodwa banokufumana kuphela iminyhadala kwikhibhodi enye ngexesha. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwekhibhodi enye iqhagamshelwe kwikhompyuter, imicimbi iya kuthunyelwa kwi-VT esebenzayo. Oko kususa ithuba lokuqhuba iiseva ezi-2 okanye ezingaphezulu kwe-X, kuba zinokusebenzisa iserver enye ngexesha, nokuba zisebenzisa amakhadi evidiyo ahlukeneyo. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zenziwe, zidweliswe apha ngokulandelelana kwexesha:

• Isininzi kunye neruby (ukufaka isiciko kwikernel).
• Imultiterminal kunye ne-evdev (umthetho olandelwayo).
• Imultiterminal kunye nefaketty (imodyuli yekernel).
• Isininzi kunye neXnest.
• Isininzi kunye neXephyr (uphuculo lwangaphambili).

Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziifaketty kunye neXephyr. Isisombululo seXephyr sisixhobo esizimeleyo esinezixhobo zokusebenza, ngelixa ukungakhathali kusebenza kuphela kuseto olunqunyelweyo lwamakhadi evidiyo afana nalawo avela kwi-NVIDIA nakwi-SiS.

Ukuba unomdla wokusebenzisa inkqubo yabasebenzisi abaninzi usebenzisa iLinux, ndincoma kakhulu ukuba ufunde Incwadana yeXephyr, mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ukongeza, sinethamsanqa ukuba le ncwadana ibhalwe ngeSpanish ngokupheleleyo!

Windows

Kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows 2000, XP, kunye neVista, zininzi iimveliso zorhwebo ezivumela ukumiliselwa koqwalaselo lwe-multiseat kwiindawo ezimbini zokusebenzela okanye nangaphezulu. Phakathi kwezi mveliso kukho i-ASTER, iBeTwin, kunye neSoftXpand.

Amabali empumelelo

Iprojekthi yeParaná Digital

Enye yeempumelelo zamabali amaninzi ayenzeka kwiParaná Digital Project, eyila ilabhoratri kwizikolo zikarhulumente ezingama-2.000 kwiphondo laseParaná, eBrazil. Ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-1.5 sabasebenzisi abaza kuxhamla xa iprojekthi iphela, kwaye kuyakubakho iiterminal ezingama-40.000. Iilebhu ziya kuba ne-4-head multiterminals eqhuba iDebian. Ixabiso lazo zonke izixhobo zekhompyutha lingaphantsi kwe-50% kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo, kunye nokungabikho kwendleko zesoftware. Le projekthi iphuhliswa yiCentro de Computação Científica e Software Livre (C3SL). Iprojekthi ayikagqitywa okwangoku, kodwa izibonelelo zemultiterminals zikhulu ngokwenene.

Izixhobo ezibonakalayo

NgoFebruwari ka-2009, uMsebenzisi-ntengiso wabhengeza ukuthunyelwa kweyona desktop inkulu, kunye neidesika ezingama-356.800 kwizikolo zaseBrazil. Le projekthi yimveliso yorhwebo esekwe kwiLinux.

I-NComputing ibonelele nge-180.000 yezithuba zabafundi bezikolo zaseprayimari kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseMakedoni.

Umthombo: Wikipedia.