Ikhompyuter yeQuantum: Ixesha elizayo leKhompyutha eSoftware yasimahla

Kutshanje, kwinqaku langaphambili nelitsha nje ngu DesdeLinux ibizwa «IMicrosoft ikhupha i-Q # compiler kunye ne-quantum simulators»Sathetha kancinci malunga«Ikhompyuter yeQuantum«. Kodwa Yintoni iKhomputha yeQuantum? Zeziphi izibonelelo kunye nenkqubela phambili eyizisayo? Loluphi uhlobo lweHardware kunye neSoftware oyisebenzisayo? kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu kuthi: Ngaba kukho inkqubela phambili okanye igalelo leSoftware yasimahla kwicandelo leKhompyuter yeQuantum?

Kule ncwadi siza kuyiphendula ngokufutshane yonke le mibuzo ukuze Njengazo zonke iitekhnoloji ezintsha, ezinje nge-supercomputing, intelligence ezingezizo, idatha enkulu, ibhlokhi, itekhnoloji ye5G, phakathi kwabanye, singaya sazi, sinzulise kwaye sabele ulwazi malunga nabo.

Ikhompyuter yeQuantum yeyamashishini amakhulu abucala kunye namagunya ehlabathi enye yeetekhnoloji eziphambili eziza kutshintsha "imigaqo yomdlalo" wehlabathi njengoko sisazi. Koko kukuthi, iya kuba yenye yezinto ezintsha ezilandelayo kwindawo yekhompyutha kule nkulungwane, ngaphandle kweendleko ezingavumelekanga kunye nokusilela kokufikelela.

Okwangoku, abaphandi, amaziko emfundo, imibutho yabucala kunye noorhulumente basebenza kwaye batyale imali ebonakalayo kubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zemali ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo i-quantum physics kwiikhompyuter ezintsha ukwenza ukubala ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunakwiikhompyuter zemveli.

Ikhompyuter yeQuantum

Yintoni ikhompyutha yequantum?

Ikhompyuter ye-Quantum yenye yokusebenzisa amathuba okulindeleka kweempawu zamananingakumbi ukugqagqana kunye nokuzibophelela, ukuqhuba iinkqubo kunye nokwenza izibalo ngesantya esimangalisayo kwiinkqubo zesiko. Isetekhnoloji ephuhlisayo ethi ukukhula kwayo kuqhubeke ngokupheleleyo.

Kananjalo nokusebenzisa imithetho ye-quantum mechanics ukuqhubekekisa ulwazi ukufezekisa isantya esiphezulu, nathi Ufumana amandla okusombulula iingxaki ezinzima ezingafikeleliyo kwikhompyuter yendabuko. Okokugqibela, iikhompyuter ezisebenzisa le teknoloji zigcina ulwazi ngakumbi kunolo lweklasikhi, Oko kukuthi, Unokubanakho ukusebenza (inkqubo) yokubala okukhulu, ngokuyiqhuba ngokufanayo nangemizuzwana.

Zisebenza njani iikhompyuter ze-quantum?

Iikhompyuter zangoku kunye nezakudala zisebenzisa ulandelelwano lwee-binary bits. Inxalenye nganye esetyenzisiweyo ihlala ikwimeko ezimbini ezaziwayo, zero (0) okanye enye (1). Oku kusebenza njengokucima nokucima ukulawula imisebenzi yekhompyuter.

Ngokwahlukileyo, ikhompyuter ye-quantum isebenzisa iibithi ze-quantum okanye i-qubits. Yeyiphi, nganye kuzo inokumela zombini u-zero (0) kunye no-1 (XNUMX) ngaxeshanye. Oku kuvumela ukuba ezi zinokuxhasa iiyunithi zedatha ngaxeshanye ezinokubakho ngaphezulu kwelinye ilizwe. Olu phawu kukusikelwa umda okhoyo kwiikhompyuter zangoku zexesha lesiko lekhompyuter elisebenzisa inkqubo yokubini.

Yintoni efana nezixhobo zequantum?

Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum azinakuphinda zisebenzise phantse nayiphi na i-HW esetyenziswa ngoku kwiikhompyuter zakudala. Kuba ezi ikakhulu zijolise ekuphumeni kwee-elektroni ngokusebenzisa iingcingo ezihamba phambili ezipholileyo kubushushu obugqithisileyo. Ke ngoko, ukupholisa kwabo kufuna ukudityaniswa kweegesi ezingaphaya kwamandla, njenge-helium-3, eyi-isotope ye-helium ekunzima kakhulu ukuyifumana.

Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum zakhiwe ngoku phantsi kwalo mgaqo we-cryogenics okanye ukupholisa okuphezulu, kodwa inkqubela phambili iyaqhubeka kwizinto eziphambili kunye nekamva ezinje ngeenkqubo ezisekwe kumhlaba we-electromagnetic kunye nolawulo lwe-laser olunokusombulula ukunqongophala kwamacandelo oluleko.

Kwakhona amazwe afana I-USA, ngeenkampani ezinje nge-IBM, Google kunye neMicrosoft, ihambele phambili kakhulu kuphuhliso lweekhompyuter zayo. Kwaye i-China, ngokusebenzisa iinkampani ezinjengeAlibaba kunye neBaidu, ayikude ngasemva. I-Russia ne-Europe zisezicwangciso ze-R & D.

Yeyiphi isoftware ekhoyo namhlanje?

Kwinqanaba lezorhwebo, «Iquantum Dev Kit» (Ikhithi yoPhuculo lweQuantum) isuka kwiMicrosoft, enesoftware yokuthengisa kunye nokuvala. Yintoni enokufikeleleka ngeyakho Inethiwekhi kaMicrosoft yeQuantum, Yinto engekhoyo ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi eyenziwe ngumdibaniselwano wamaqabane e-MS ukufezekisa ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokusebenzisana nabona bavelisi bakhulu kwiikhompyuter ze-quantum.

Enye isoftware ye-quantum evela kwiinkampani zabucala, kodwa ikhutshwe njengeSoftware yasimahla, yiyo I-QUISKIT (isiKhokelo seNzululwazi ngeKhompyutha). I-QUISKIT yiprojekthi yeSoftware enelayisensi yasimahla eyenziwe yi-IBM. I-QISKIT ivumela unxibelelwano lwenkqubo kunye neprosesa ye-quantum kunye ne-IBM simulators zisebenzisa ikhowudi yePython enxibelelana nenkqubo yequantum ngolwimi oluphakathi lokumelwa olubizwa ngokuba yi-OPENQASM.

Le Software yesimahla ebizwa ngokuba yi-QUISKIT yazalwa ngo-2017, xa i-IBM iguqula iprojekthi yayo yasungulwa ngo-2016, ebizwa Amava eQuantum", Ngokwenza i-5-qubit processor ye-quantum ifumaneke kuye wonke umntu ngelifu layo.

Okwangoku i-QUISKIT yenziwe ngoku:

• I-API: Isongelo sePython kwi-Quantum yamava eHTTP API ekuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele kwaye wenze ikhowudi UKUVULWA.
• Ii-SDKs: Ikhithi yophuhliso lokuveliswa kweesekethe kwaye evumela ukusebenzisa i-QISKIT API ukufikelela kwi-Hardware yamava e-Quantum kunye nee-simulators.
• UlwimiIseti yeenkcukacha, imizekelo, amaxwebhu kunye nezixhobo zokumelwa okuphakathi kwe-OPENQASM.

Kukho okuninzi okuninzi okungaziwayo, kodwa okwangoku I-QUISKIT ibeka umgangatho kwinqanaba leSoftware yasimahla. Kwaye ine I-API kwiPython izakuvumela abaprogramu kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi abo bakumhlaba weSoftware yasimahla, ukuba baqale ukuzama kwaye basebenze kunye neprosesa ye-quantum ekhoyo kwilifu labo.

Isiphelo

Ikhompyuter ye-Quantum, namhlanje luphando olugqwesileyo kunye nophuhliso (R&D) kokubini kubantu (zezibalo, ifizikis, iingcali zekhompyuter kunye neengcali) kunye nemibutho yoluntu kunye neyabucala, kwindawo yesayensi yekhompyuter. Nangona okwangoku isasebusaneni, eli sebe litsha lolwazi kunye netekhnoloji liza kubona amandla alo enokuvela kwiminyaka ezayo. nangona ukuyibona kwiicompyuter zethu kuya kuthatha iminyaka emininzi emva kophuhliso lwentengiso.

Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwindawo yoPhuculo lweSoftware Zombini ezabucala nezasimahla ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuhamba phambili ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo Isoftware yasimahla iya kuthatha ithuba kule ndawo intsha.