Udliwanondlebe noMark Shuttleworth eDebConf (2011)

Ukufunda ibhlog ye Raphael Ndidibana ne- udliwano ndlebe into ayenzileyo UMark Shuttleworth, Ndicebisa udliwanondlebe, kuba kukho iinyani ezinomdla ngoMarko, kunye nemibono anayo, ngekamva lakhe Canonical y Ubuntu, kunye nembono yakho malunga nokuba umhlaba uhambisa njani kwaye phi ngoku.

Ndikushiya uguqulelo lodliwanondlebe, lwenziwe ngubawo (aka Yuri516) ke, akukho mfuneko yokuyijonga kwakhona, uyazi isiNgesi ngakumbi kunam, ngekhe kubekho zimpazamo HAHA.

Ngokuqinisekileyo akufuneki uzise uMark Shuttleworth… wayesele engumphuhlisi we-Debian xa waba ngusozigidi emva kokuthengisa iThawte eVerisign ngo-1999. Kwathi ngo-2002 waba ngowokuqala wase-Afrika (kunye nomqambi wokuqala we-Debian) ukuya emajukujukwini. Kwiminyaka emi-2 kamva, wafumana enye iprojekhthi enkulu ukuba ayilandele: ukuzisa iMicrosoft monopoly esiphelweni ngenkqubo entsha yokusebenza ebizwa ngokuba Ubuntu (jonga i-bug # 1).

Ndidibene noMark ngexesha le-Debconf 6 e-Oaxtepec (Mexico), sobabini sizama ukufumana iindlela zokwandisa intsebenziswano phakathi kukaDebian no-Ubuntu. Into encinci endinokuyithetha kukuba uMarko unenkani, kodwa nayiphi na inkokheli ihlala injalo, kwaye umntu ozimeleyo uzimisele ngokukodwa! 🙂

Funda ukuze ufumane izimvo zakhe kubudlelwane be-Ubuntu-Debian nokunye okuninzi.

Raphael: Ungubani?

UMarko: Ngentliziyo, ndingumphandi, umqambi, kunye neqhinga. Utshintsho kwitekhnoloji, ekuhlaleni, nakumashishini zezona zinto zinomdla kum, kwaye ndichitha phantse lonke ixesha lam kunye nobutyebi ndibhengeza utshintsho kwindlela endinethemba lokuba iya kuphucula uluntu kunye nendalo.

Ndineminyaka engama-38 ubudala, ndifunde iinkqubo zolwazi nezemali kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa. “Ikhaya lentliziyo yam” yiKapa, ​​kwaye bendihlala khona naseStar City naseLondon, ngoku ndihlala kwi-Isle of Man nentombazana endithandana nayo uClaire kunye namadada ali-14. Ndandijoyina i-Debian malunga ne-1995 kuba bendincedisa ukuseta iiseva zewebhu kumaqela amaninzi ngangokunokwenzeka, kwaye ndacinga ukuba indlela kaDebian yokupakisha yayivakala kakhulu kodwa yayingafakwanga i-Apache. Ngezo ntsuku inkqubo ye-NM yayilula kancinci 😉

Raphael: Sasiyintoni isizathu sakho sokuqala xa wagqiba kwelokuba wenze Ubuntu kwiminyaka esi-7 eyadlulayo?

UMarko: Ubuntu yenzelwe ukuzalisekisa iphupha lotshintsho; inkolelo yokuba ukubanakho kwesoftware yasimahla kuya kuba nefuthe elinamandla kuqoqosho lwesoftware kunye netekhnoloji yayo. Kuyacaca ukuba umhlaba wezobuchwephesha uphenjelelwa kakhulu yiLinux, i-GNU, kunye nesoftware yasimahla, kodwa ezoqoqosho zesoftware nangoku ziyafana.

Ngaphambi koBuntu, sasinehlabathi leLinux elinamacala amabini: Kwakukho umhlaba woluntu (iDebian, iFedora, iArch, iGentoo) apho uzixhasa khona, kunye nelizwe elinomda, elorhwebo leRHEL kunye ne-SLES / SLED. Ngelixa ulwabiwo loluntu luthathelwa ingqalelo kakhulu, awanako kwaye awanako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu lonke; awunakubafumana sele befakelwe kwangaphambili, awunakuqinisekiswa kwaye wakhe ikhondo lomsebenzi oza kubangqongile, awunakuthembela kwisikolo sokukhulisa iqonga elingasikelelwanga ngamaziko ahlukeneyo. Kwaye ulwabiwo loluntu alunako ukudala amaziko ukusombulula loo nto.

Ubuntu buzisa la mazwe mabini kunye, ewonke, kunye nenqanaba lokurhweba elikhutshiweyo (njengelifa lezinto ezilungileyo zeDebian) ezifumaneka simahla kodwa zixhaswa liziko.

Isitshixo kwelo phupha yinkalo yezoqoqosho, kwaye, njengesiqhelo, utshintsho kwimiba yezoqoqosho; Kwakucacile kum ukuba ukuhamba kwemali ejikeleze isoftware kuya kutshintsha kulayisenisi ("ukuthenga iiWindows") ukuya kwiinkonzo ("ukuhlawulela ukugcinwa kwakho kwi-Ubuntu ONE"). Ukuba olo tshintsho beluza kuza, kungakho indawo yokuhanjiswa ngokukhululekileyo kwesoftware kunye neziko elinokwenza konke ukulungelelaniswa okuyimfuneko ukuze kungqinelane nehlabathi lentengiso yeLinux. Kwaye ingayimpumelelo yobomi bonke. Ke ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndinikezele ngobomi bam ukuba ndizame, kwaye ndafumana abantu abaliqela ababelana ngalo mbono wokunceda ngokuzama.

Kwakunengqiqo kum ukuba ndibandakanye uDebian kuloo mbono; Bendisazi kakuhle njengomsebenzisi nanjengelungu, kwaye bendikholelwa ekubeni iyakuhlala ingoyena ndoqo kulwabiwo loluntu. Ndabelana ngamaxabiso eDebian kwaye ezo xabiso ziyahambelana nezo sizibekele Ubuntu.

I-Debian ngokwayo, njengeziko, ayinakuba liqabane kwishishini okanye kwishishini. Iimpawu zibukhali, kodwa ukuyila iziko lokuzimela kubandakanya ukuba ngumlingani onzima wokuthatha isigqibo, okanye umboneleli wesivumelwano. Kuya kuba nzima ukufezekisa iinjongo zangaphambi kokufakwa, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo zomntu wesithathu kunye nesoftware ngaphakathi kwiziko eliyilelwe ukungathathi cala, ukungakhethi cala kunye nokuzimela.

Nangona kunjalo, amaziko amabini ahambelanayo anokugubungela omabini amacala ale ngqekembe.

Ke Ubuntu sisiqingatha sesibini se-Debian-Ubuntu ecosystem. Amandla kaDebian azalisekisa ezo Ubuntu, Ubuntu bunokufezekisa izinto ezingenako ukwenziwa nguDebian (hayi ngenxa yokuba amalungu engakwazi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iziko likhethe ezinye izinto eziphambili) ngokuchaseneyo, iDebian ihambisa izinto ezingenakho Ubuntu, hayi kuba amalungu ayo enganakho, ukuba akunjalo kuba ikhetha ezinye izinto eziphambili njengeziko.

Abantu abaninzi baqala ukukuqonda oku: Ubuntu lutolo lukaDebian, iDebian isaphetha sika-Ubuntu. Akukho sixhobo siluncedo sodwa, ngaphandle kwemyuziyam yabantu

Esona simo sengqondo sibuhlungu nesona siphazamisayo sivela kwabo bacinga ukuba uDebian no-Ubuntu bakhuphisana. Ukuba ukhathalele iDebian, kwaye ufuna ukuba ikhuphisane kuwo onke amanqanaba nge-Ubuntu, uya kuba lusizi; Ufuna iDebian ilahle ezinye zeempawu zayo ezintle kwaye utshintshe ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonga i-Ubuntu-Debian ecosystem njengento ehambelanayo, uya kubhiyozela amandla kunye nokufezekisa kokubini, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uya kusebenza ukwenza iDebian ibe yi-Debian engcono kunye no-Ubuntu ngcono Ubuntu, ngokuchasene nokunqwenela Ubuntu ngakumbi njengoDebian.kwaye kwangokunjalo.

Raphael: Ubudlelwane be-Ubuntu-Debian babunobunzima ekuqaleni, kwathatha iminyaka eliqela "ukukhula". Ukuba kufuneka uqale phantsi, ngaba uza kwenza ezinye izinto ngokwahlukileyo?

UMarko: Ewe zikho izifundo esizifundileyo, kodwa akukho nanye kuzo esisiseko. Olunye uxinzelelo lwalusekwe kwizinto zabantu ezingenakuguqulwa: abanye babagxeki abakhohlakeleyo kwi-DD kwi-Canonical kunye ne-Ubuntu ngabantu abafake izicelo kodwa abangakhethwanga kwizikhundla kwi-Canonical. Andinakukutshintsha oko, kwaye ngekhe ndiyitshintshe, kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba iziphumo, ngokweemvakalelo, ziyintoni na.

Nangona kunjalo, bekuya kuba mnandi ukuba nobulumko malunga nendlela abantu abasabela ngayo kwiindlela ezithile. Siye ngokumangalisayo saya kwiDebConf 5 ePorto Alegre saza sangena kwigumbi lenkomfa. Kwakukho ucango oluvulekileyo, kwaye abantu abaninzi babethe nca entloko, kodwa ndicinga ukuba ingqokelela engeyiyo eyelenqe yabantu apho yayisoyikisa kwaye ibali laba lelokukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ukuba besifuna ukuba bodwa besingaya kwenye indawo! Ke ngendandisebenze nzima ukuyenza icace ngeloxesha ukuba bendisazi ukuba mangaphi amaxesha eli bali eliza kusetyenziswa ukupeyinta iCanonical ngokungalunganga.

Ngokubhekisele kungquzulwano noDebian, ndicinga ukuba imeko yenye yokuhla nokuhla. Njengobhaliso, kunokwenzeka ngokubanzi ukusebenzisana naye nawuphi na umlondolozi we-Debian kumba onomdla kuwo. Kukho okwahlukileyo, kodwa ezo ngaphandle zinengxaki ngaphakathi kweDebian njengoko ziphakathi kweDebian kunye nabangaphandle. Njengokwenzakala, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisana noDebian njengeziko, ngenxa yoyilo lweziko.

Ukusebenzisana, la maqela mabini kufuneka enze kwaye agcine ukuzibophelela. Ke ngelixa umphuhlisi we-Debian kunye nonjiniyela we-Ubuntu banokwenza izibophelelo zobuqu omnye komnye, u-Debian akakwazi ukwenza izibophelelo ku-Ubuntu, kuba akukho mntu okanye iziko elinokuzibophelela egameni leziko, nangaluphi na uhlobo lwamagama agile. I-GR ayikhawulezi ;-). Anditsho oku njengokugxeka uDebian; Khumbula, ndicinga ukuba uDebian wenze ukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu, enye yazo inkululeko epheleleyo kubaphuhlisi bayo, oko kuthetha ukuba abaphantsi kwesibophelelo sokulandela isigqibo esenziwe ngomnye umntu.

Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwentsebenziswano kunye nokusebenzisana. Xa abantu ababini benenjongo efanayo kwaye bevelisa iziphumo ezifanayo, oko kukusebenzisana. Xa abantu ababini baneenjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye beza neemveliso ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bafumane indlela yokuphucula imveliso yomnye nomnye, yintsebenziswano leyo.

Ke ukuze sisebenzisane kakhulu phakathi ko-Ubuntu no-Debian, kufuneka siqale ngokwamkelana ngokuxabiseka kokubaluleka kweendlela zethu. Xa umntu egxeka Ubuntu kuba bukhona, okanye ngenxa yokuba ingenzi izinto ngendlela efanayo neDebian, okanye ngenxa yokuba ayilungelelanisi yonke inkqubo kunye nenjongo ephambili yokuphucula iDebian, kubuhlungu. Umahluko phakathi kwethu ubalulekile: Ubuntu bungathatha i-Debian kwiindawo ezinokungayi kuyo i-Debian, kwaye i-Debian debuts izisa i-raft efanelekileyo yomgangatho Ubuntu.

Raphael: Yeyiphi eyona ngxaki inkulu kaDebian?

UMarko: Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kumbono kunye neenjongo zikaDebian zenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza imeko-bume ehambelanayo, edityaniswa kukungafuni ukujonga indlela eyonakalisayo.

Ngaba iDebian ilinganisa impumelelo yayo ngenani lofakelo? Ngaba inani labalondolozi? Ngenani lomlilo? Ngokwenani leephakeji? Ngenani lemiyalezo yoluhlu lokuhambisa? Ngenxa yomgangatho woMgaqo-nkqubo weDebian? Ngenxa yomgangatho weephakeji? Ngenxa "yokutsha" kweephakeji? Ixesha kunye nomgangatho wolondolozo lwezinto ezikhutshiweyo? Ngenxa yokuhamba okanye ukungabikho rhoqo kokukhutshwa? Ngenxa yobungakanani bezinto ezivela kuzo?

Uninzi lwezi mitriki luxinana ngqo nabanye; Ngenxa yoko, inyani yokuba i-DD eyahlukeneyo ibeke phambili zonke ezi (kunye nezinye iinjongo) ngokwahlukileyo yenza ukuba ingxoxo-mpikiswano ibenomdla… Uhlobo lwengxoxo-mpikiswano eqhubekekayo kuba akukho ndlela yakukhetha phakathi kweenjongo xa wonke umntu eneenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Uyayazi uhlobo lwengxoxo endifuna ukuyithetha 🙂

Raphael: Ngaba ucinga ukuba uluntu lwaseDebian luphuculwe kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo? Ukuba ewe, ucinga ukuba ukhuphiswano noBuntu luyichaza ngokuyinxenye?

UMarko: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba ezinye zeendawo ezindichaphazelayo ziphuculwe. Oku kuninzi kunxulumene nexesha elinika abantu ithuba lokujonga umbono ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, mhlawumbi ngenzuzo yokuqola. Ixesha livumela izimvo ukuba zihambe kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zizisa abantu abatsha kumxube. Kukho ii-DD ezimbalwa phaya ngoku apho ii-DD zenziwe emva kokuba Ubuntu bukhona, ke ayifani nale supernova intsha iye yaqhuma ngesiquphe kwindawo yakho yegalactic. Kwaye uninzi lwazo lwaba zii-DD ngenxa Ubuntu. Ke ubuncinci ngokwembono yobudlelwane be-Ubuntu-Debian, izinto zisempilweni kakhulu.

Sinokwenza ngcono kakhulu. Ngoku ekubeni sisemgceni wokukhutshwa kwe-LTS ezine ezilandelelanayo, kwinqanaba lesibini lonyaka, kuyacaca ukuba singasebenzisana ngokumangalisayo ukuba sabelana ngomhla wokumisa. I-Canonical inikezelwe ukunceda nge-squezze kweso siseko, kodwa uloyiko lokuzibophelela kweziko lukhulile kwaye lwaphela. Kwaye ngesindululo sokubeka ikhephu yokuqala ecwangcisiweyo kaDebian kanye phakathi komjikelo we-Ubuntu LTS, ulungelelwaniso lwethu lomdla luya kuba ubuncinci, hayi ubuninzi.

Raphael: Ungacebisa ntoni kubantu (njengam) abaziva bengena kwi-Canonical kwaye bangathanda ukuhlawulwa ukuze basebenze ekuphuculeni iDebian?

UMarko: Sabelana ngengxaki; Ndingathanda ukuba ndihlawulwe ngokusebenzela ukuphucula Ubuntu, kodwa lelo liphupha lexesha elide 😉

Raphael: Kuthiwani ngokusebenzisa ingeniso ye-Ubuntu Foundation eleleyo ukuxhasa iiprojekthi ezithile zeDebian?

UMarko: Isiseko sikhona kwimeko yokusilela kwe-Canonical ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuzibophelela, njengokugcinwa kwe-LTS, kuyaziwa. Baya kuba nethemba lokulala ngonaphakade 😉

Raphael: Iphulo lokubuyiselwa kwemali kwincwadi ye-Debian Administrator's Handbook lisaqhubeka kwaye ndithe gqaba gqaba ndibone ukubanakho kokwenza i-Ubuntu Administrator's Handbook. Ucinga ntoni ngale projekthi?

UMarko: Ukufunyanwa kwemali ngumdibaniso omangalisayo wesoftware yasimahla kunye nomxholo ovulekileyo, ke ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuya kukuhambela kakuhle. Ndicinga ukuba bayakufumana intengiso enkulu yencwadi Ubuntu, hayi kuba Ubuntu yinto ebaluleke ngaphezu kweDebian kodwa ngenxa yokuba inomdla kubantu abanomdla wokuthenga okanye wokukhuphela incwadi kunokuba ungene emthonjeni.

Kwakhona, oku malunga nokuqonda umahluko kubaphulaphuli, hayi ukugweba iiprojekthi okanye iimveliso.

Raphael: Ngaba ukhona umntu kwiDebian omthandayo ngeminikelo yakhe?

UMarko: UZack ngowona DPL ubalaseleyo ukusukela ngo-1995; ngumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka ukuba awuphathe ngobabalo nokwahlula. Ndiyathemba ukuba indumiso yam ayingcolisi igama lakho kwiprojekthi!

Enkosi kuMarko ngexesha elichithwe ndiphendula imibuzo yam. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyakonwabela ukufunda iimpendulo zakho njengam.

Ukuguqulelwa: Yuri516

Amawaka enkosi Raphael Udliwanondlebe ngokwenene.

Ukubulisa kunye ... kunomdla okanye akunjalo? 🙂