Ukukhetha ulwimi lwakho lokuqala lwenkqubo

Ngokuqinisekileyo lo ngomnye wemibuzo eza kwi-inbox yam xa kuthethwa ngenkqubo. Ukuba siza kuqala uthotho lwamanqaku oluya kukuvumela ukuba ufunde kwinkqubo kwaye ubuyisele ulwazi lwasimahla ngohlobo lwamagalelo kwisoftware yasimahla / kwimithombo yoluntu evulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kubalulekile ukuphendula oku kusisiseko ukuba kunzima kancinci umbuzo. Loluphi ulwimi lokufunda ekufuneka ndilufundile?

Umlando omncinci

Ukuze siqale ukuqonda nokukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci malunga nembali yabo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kunye nemisebenzi, kunye nendlela abasombulula ngayo iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iilwimi zoomatshini (inqanaba eliphantsi)

Yaziwa njenge indibano, ziilwimi zokuprinta esinokuthi sizichaze njengeziyelelane zolwimi ngokubanzi ... Oku kuvakala kunzima kodwa ndiza kukwenza umzekelo ... Siyazi ukuba ulwimi lwekhompyuter lulonke umbane, Oku kuthetha ukuba ekugqibeleni oko kufundwayo yikhompyuter 0sy 1ewe, masikubize oku eikhompyutha yesiNgesi. Kulo mzekelo, iSpanish ngumgaqo osisiseko, kodwa njengoko sisazi kakuhle, iSpanish esithethwa yiLatinos ayifani naleyo yathethwa eSpain, kwaye nangona kunjalo, iSpanish yasePeru ayifani neSpanish yaseArgentina. Ngokucacileyo sonke sinamagama afanayo (0sy 1s), kodwa ukusetyenziswa kunye nentsingiselo zinokwahluka ngokomxholo.

Oku kwenzeka kwinqanaba leprosesa. Xa sithetha ngayo uyilo lweekhompyuter, (amd64, intel, ingalo, ...) sibhekisa kulwimi lwelo iSpanish yekhompyutha. Kungenxa yokuba iinkampani ezahlukeneyo ziyayiqonda iodolo kunye nentsingiselo ngendlela yazo, ke ezinye ziyahluka kwiinkcukacha ezinje ngokuhamba kwexesha langoku, okanye indlela izinto ezizogcinwa ngayo. 0sy 1s.

Ezi lwimi zenkqubo zikhawuleza kakhulu, kuba zisebenza kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi lenkqubo, kodwa zixhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zinzima ngakumbi ukuzifunda kunezinye. Oku kuhlala kufuna isiseko esibanzi seekhontrakthi ukuze kuguqulwe idatha kwaye kusebenze izinto eziluncedo kuyo. Kubathandi bemidlalo yevidiyo, umzekelo iya kuba zi-SEGA consoles, ezisebenzisa iNdibano ukwenza imidlalo yazo. Ngokucacileyo ngelo xesha inani lememori lalincinci xa kuthelekiswa nanamhlanje, kwaye bekuyimfuneko ukuqonda ulwimi olunokukhawuleza kwaye luvelise iinkqubo ezilula.

Iilwimi ezikumgangatho ophezulu

Eli qela likhulu licinga ezo lwimi zize emva indibano. Imfuno yokufumana ikhowudi ephathekayo ikhokelele ekuveleni kweqela leelwimi ezibizwa idityanisiwe. Phakathi kwezi, owokuqala ukusebenzisa i-C, eye yalawula inkqubo kwinqanaba lenkqubo yokusebenza ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-70.

Iilwimi ezihlanganisiweyo

Masibone umzekelo osebenzayo wento endiphawula ngayo. Makhe sijonge kwinkqubo yeC elula kakhulu eprinta umgca omnye wekhowudi.

Emva kokuyiqokelela oku kulandelayo:

Kodwa ngoku masibone ukuba kuya kufuneka sibhale ntoni na ukuphindaphinda iziphumo ezifanayo kwikhowudi yeNdibano:

Olu luguqulelo lwemigca emi-3 yekhowudi ukusuka simple.c, ifayile simple.s yenziwe ngokusebenzisa umyalelo gcc -S simple.c kwaye yile nto iprosesa yethu inokuyiqonda ngolwimi indibano. Ngokucacileyo ukuze wenze okuphunyeziweyo okuqulathe 0sy 1ifayile kufuneka iqwalaselwe simple.s kwaye uyixhume kwiilayibrari ekwabelwana ngazo zenkqubo yethu. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i isihlanganisi (as) kunye umxhasi (ld).

Iilwimi ezihlanganisiweyo zibonelela ngoncedo olukhulu ngaphezulu kwenqanaba elisezantsi, kunjalo eziphathwayo. Ukuphatheka ngokuhambisa ikhowudi enokuthi yenziwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvelisa ikhowudi ethile yoyilo ngalunye. Olunye uncedo olucacileyo kukulula olisebenzisayo xa ufunda kunye nokubhala ikhowudi. Phakathi kwezona ngxaki zethu ziphambili sinobunzima obuphezulu, kuba kuthelekiswa nezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeelwimi esiza kubona, inkululeko esiyinikwa ngu-C inokuba yingozi ukuba awuyazi indlela yokuyilawula, ngokuqinisekileyo kufana nokunikezela umpu , inokwenzeka into yokuba ekungabikho kwamava umntu aphele sele edubula iinyawo zakhe ngelinge lokucoca umpu.

Iilwimi ezichaziweyo

Ngaphakathi kweli qela sineentlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi, phakathi kwezona zibaluleke kakhulu sinePython, iRuby, iJavascript, i-PHP, njl njl. , Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweenkqubo ezinzima zenziwa kwitoliki, kwaye inkqubo yengqondo leyo iyenziwa kwikhowudi. Makhe sijonge kumzekelo mnye ngasentla kodwa ngeli xesha libhalwe kwiPython:

Phakathi kwezona zinto zibalaseleyo sinokubona ukuba umgca wokuqala uphethe ukubiza itoliki (inkqubo eza kwenza isicelo sethu) kwaye ikhowudi elandelayo "ilula" kunenguqulo yayo kwi-C, kuba wonke umsebenzi onzima wenziwa Kwitoliki.

Iilwimi ezichaziweyo zibonelela umphuhlisi ngothotho olukhulu lokhuseleko, kuba banolawulo olungqongqo kwezokhuseleko (QAPHELA ukuba abafezekanga, kuba nezona zilungileyo zinokwenza iimpazamo) kwaye asisenawo umngcipheko wokudubula isixhobo ngaphandle kokuqonda kuba, kwitrayi yokuqala, itoliki iya kuphakamisa isilumkiso kwaye ukuphunyezwa kuya kurhoxiswa. Owona mqobo uphambili uyabonakala xa usenza le nkqubo, kuba iyacotha kunabalingane bayo, oku kungenxa yemali enkulu yokusebenza ukuze ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi iyasebenza. Ukuba inkqubo ayifuni ixesha elibekiweyo elifutshane, umahluko usenokungabonakali, kodwa ukuba sithetha ngamawaka okanye izigidi zedatha ngomzuzwana, umahluko uya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiilwimi ezihlanganisiweyo.

Ukuchwetheza

Olu luphawu lwenkqubo yolwimi, kunokuba njalo ngamandla o ngobuthathaka uchwetheziwe. Ndiza kusishiya esi sihloko ndisiya kwesinye isithuba, kuba siyimfuneko kwaye sinomdla wokuqonda ukuba imemori igcinwa njani kwinkqubo, kodwa okwangoku kufuneka senze umahluko: Iilwimi ezichwethezwe ngamandla zezo zifuna ukwazi Uhlobo lwedatha oluza kusebenza kuguquguquko okanye rhoqo, ngelixa ifayile ye- ngobuthathaka iintlobo zinokwenza uguquko ke icacisiwe kwaye yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kulawulo oluphezulu olulandelwa lulwimi. (ukuba ayikaqondwa ngoku, akukho ngxaki, siza kuyishiya kamva)

Iparadigms

Njengayo yonke into kwilizwe le-GNU / Linux, iilwimi zenkqubo ezisekwe ngokweparadigms, kwaye noluntu lwenziwa lwangqongileyo. Umzekelo sine Isiseko sePython o ilitye elinqabileyo elibomvu o PHP o I-Bash (kwimeko leyo luluntu lwe-GNU). Into endifuna ukufikelela kuyo yile yokuba andikwazi ukuveza inani elikhulu lezinto eziluncedo kunye nezibi umntu ngamnye anazo, kodwa ndinokukuxelela ukuba apho kukho ulwimi lwenkqubo yasimahla, kukho indawo yokufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kuyo. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uninzi lweetoliki zolwimi azibhalwanga ngo-C, okanye ezinye ezivela kufutshane, kwaye ukukhula kwazo kuhlala kwenziwa liqela elincinci loluntu, elijongene nokuthatha izigqibo ezichaphazela bonke abasebenzisi beelwimi. Amaziko anokude enziwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kolwimi ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko kunjalo ku-C.

Yeyiphi oyikhethayo?

Sele sithethile ngokwaneleyo malunga neelwimi kwaye andikaphenduli eyona nto ibalulekileyo  . Kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba emva kokuphonononga eli nqaku lincinci akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuba ndikuxelele ukuba loluphi ulwimi omawulukhethe, kuba ngalo lwazi unakho ngokupheleleyo ukukhangela leyo ikwenza ube nomdla. Ngokucacileyo ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukwenza inkqubo ngolwimi indibano izakuthatha ixesha elide phambi kokuba ube nento esebenzayo, ixesha liyakuncitshiswa kakhulu ukuba ukhetha ulwimi oluhlanganisiweyo, apho ukongeza ekuphatheni kwiinkqubo zeNIX, uya kuba nakho ukufunda ulwazi malunga nokusebenza Inkqubo efanayo, kuba ukunxibelelana no-C okanye ezinye izinto ezikwenza ukuba ngandlela thile ufunde indlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo ngokubanzi. Okokugqibela, ukuba ufuna ukufunda into elula kwaye ekuvumela ukuba wenze okuninzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqonda okuninzi, iilwimi ezichaziweyo ziyindlela eyonwabisayo yokufunda nokukhulisa izakhono zenkqubo.

Funda ngento enomdla

Eli lelona cebiso lilungileyo ndinokukunika lona, ​​ukuba ufuna ukufunda into, kufuneka ufumane into enomdla kuqala, kungenjalo kuya kuba nzima ukoyisa ijika lokufunda eliqhelekileyo lwazo zonke iilwimi zenkqubo. Masithi ulawula iinkqubo, apho ungafuna ukufunda ulwimi olufanelekileyo script (Itolikwe), ngaphakathi kwezi sinePerl, iPython, iBash, njl njl njl ... mhlawumbi eyakho yimidlalo, zininzi iiprojekthi kwiilwimi ezinje ngeJavascript, Lua, C ++, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomdlalo owufunayo ukudlala. Mhlawumbi ungathanda ukwenza isixhobo esikwinqanaba lenkqubo, kuba sine-C, Python, Perl, njengoko uza kubona, ezinye ziyaphindwa, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba iilwimi ezininzi zinokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi emininzi, yiyo loo nto inkcazo ye Iilwimi ezininzi kuninzi lwezi.

Qalisa iprojekthi

Ngale nto andithethi ukuba wenza le compiler ilandelayo, okanye olu lwimi lulandelayo, iprojekthi inokuba kukulungisa ibug encinci kwinkqubo yakho oyithandayo, mhlawumbi nokunceda ukuphucula amaxwebhu. Kutheni uxwebhu? kuba akukho ndlela ingcono yokufunda ukuba isoftware isebenza njani kunokufunda kunye nokunceda ukubhala amaxwebhu ayo, kuba emva kwekhowudi yomthombo, ngowona mthombo wolwazi oza kuwufumana malunga nenkqubo. Ngomnye umzuzu siza kubona indlela yokufunda ikhowudi yeprojekthi kwaye siqonde imisebenzi kunye nexabiso abalifumanayo.

Enkosi kakhulu ngokufika apha kwaye njengesiqhelo, izimvo zakho zindincede ndenze umxholo ongcono kwaye ndazi ukuba ujolise phi, Imibuliso.