Uyikhusela njani imfihlo yakho kwi-Intanethi

Isikrelemnqa seNkqubo ye-PRISM ye-Arhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke (i-NSA), ekhutshwe zizityhilelo zika-Edward Snowden, yabeka umba wobumfihlo kwi-Intanethi (nangona ingekho ngaphakathi kuyo, nakwezinye iindawo ezinje yemiyalezo ebhaliweyo, njl.).

Imiqondo yokubonisa

Ngelixa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ukulawulwa kwe-Intanethi kwenzeka kuphela kungenelelo lukarhulumente-ikakhulu kumazwe anobuzwilakhe obuninzi- kwamanye ukuba ungenelelo luyaqhubeka ukubakho kodwa ngendlela enzima ngakumbi. Kumazwe ongxowankulu, ngakumbi lawo "asembindini", ungenelelo lukarhulumente lusondelelene kakhulu nokukhula kweenkwenkwezi kweemolophies zobuchwephesha, ezisisiseko sewebhu. Ndicinga ngokucacileyo nge-United States, apho iFacebook, uGoogle, iMicrosoft okanye iTwitter iqokelela ulwazi ngakumbi nangakumbi olusuka kubasebenzisi kwaye, oko kukuthi, ulwazi olusetyenziswa ngurhulumente ngenxa yo - oko kuhlala kusetyenziswa ukwenza iintlekele- « Ukhuseleko lwesizwe ". Ukungaluqondi olu nxibelelwano phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nentengiso kuhlala kukungazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ungayiqondi ingxaki kubo bonke ubunzima bayo.

Nangona i-Intanethi iyinethiwekhi, kwaye ke ngoko isekwe kulwakhiwo olungagungqiyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi sibona ukusekwa kwayo kwizandla ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amagama, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkampani ezimbalwa zisingatha lonke ulwazi kwiwebhu. Kuyamangalisa ukuba oku kuye kwenziwa amaxesha amaninzi ngemvume yabasebenzisi abathi ngenxa yokulula okanye ngenxa yokuba "bobabo" banikezele ngedatha yabo okanye, ngokuthe ngqo, bakwenzile oko bengazi. Ngamanye amagama, ukubekwa embindini kwewebhu luxanduva, ubukhulu becala, lwenyathelo labucala. Iinkampani ezenza ushishino kunye nolo lwazi, ngokucacileyo zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi simahla kwaye zisiguqula, thina basebenzisi, sibe yimveliso ethengiswayo. Kumazwe apho oku kungenzeki khona, inyathelo labucala lithathelwe amanyathelo ngurhulumente (China, Egypt, Cuba, njl. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndisithi la macebo mabini awathelekiswa, kwaye ayichanekanga ukugweba olunye uhlobo longenelelo kwaye ungaluhoyi olunye: "I-Egypt imbi, uGoogle ulungile" (okanye enye indlela ejikeleze).

Kwelinye icala, kubonakala kum kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuba iiMerika azikho "iibhola zokubhowula", iyunifomu, iyafana kwaye ivaliwe. Ngokuchasene noko, kulapho zichazwe khona iimfuno ezininzi zentlalo, nokuba ziyaphikisana. Oku kuthetha ukuba amazwe aseMelika ayingabo "oonopopi" beenkampani kodwa anokuhlala ethetha umda kwimidla yabo. Oku kubonakala kwibhodi yonke. Kuphela xa sicinga ngoRhulumente ngale ndlela kuvula ithuba lokulwela imithetho ekhusela abasebenzisi ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu.

Enye yezinto ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukulawulwa kwe-Intanethi kukuba umda wobukhosi be-States ubeka umda kwicandelo labo lokusebenza, elingalinganiyo nomda we-Intanethi okanye weenkampani (ezingayeki ube nesiseko somhlaba, kodwa umda ogqitha ngaphezulu kwemida yommandla).

Ukongeza, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amazwe ahlukeneyo awanamandla afanayo okanye uxanduva olufanayo kwisikimu sehlabathi. Ngendlela efanayo eyenzeka kwamanye amacandelo, i-North American State ayifani ne-Brazilian State, umzekelo. Amagama athi "iziko" kunye "nomda" unokukunceda uqonde le ndiyithethayo.

Okokugqibela, ndikufumanisa kunika umdla kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kwaye ndicamngce ngoku kulandelayo: kuvela kwimeko yentsusa "yokusilela kommiselo" we-Intanethi kwaye sithathela ingqalelo ukuba sihlandlo ngasinye sisiya kulwazi olungagungqiyo ngakumbi kulwazi, ndiyazibuza: ngaba kufanelekile ukubuyela kwi "non-regulation" ye-Intanethi -into efana neRousseauian State of Nature- okanye ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba kukhuthazwe "umgaqo" onika amalungelo abasebenzisi (into efana nommiselo okhusela abemi kunye namalungelo edemokhrasi)? Ngokunyaniseka, andazi ukuba kukhuthazwa kangakanani ukubuyela kwinkqubo "ye-anarchic" ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lommiselo onokuthi ube yi-utopia okanye, okubi ngakumbi, inokudlala umdlalo wobukhulu bodwa. Mhlawumbi yiyo loo nto sibona UGoogle ukhusela "ukungabinamthetho" (ilizwe) kwi-Intanethi. WTF! Akufuneki ukuba siyilibale le nyaniso ibalulekileyo yokuba amanye amazwe, njengam, afunde ngendlala nentlupheko: ukunqongophala kolawulo lukarhulumente ikwaluhlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe, ubizwa ngokuba yi-neoliberalism.

Masithathe ke, ukuba impendulo kukuzama ukuxoxa ngommiselo we-Intanethi. Kwimeko apho, akukho kuphuncuka: oku KUFANELEKILE ukuba ibe kwilizwe jikelele ngenxa yendalo ye-Intanethi, kwaye ukuba "umgaqo wamazwe aphesheya" unokuvunyelwana kuphela yi-States (enokwenzeka kuba Amazwe ayizizo "iibhola zokuphosa" ). Umzekelo inokuba lilinge le-European Union yokulawula uGoogle kwilizwekazi elidala okanye imithetho ye «ukungathathi hlangothi«, Njengalowo uvunyelwe yiChile.

Oku akuthethi ukuba naluphi na uhlobo longenelelo lukarhulumente kwi-Intanethi (okanye eminye imiba) "ilungile" okanye "ayinabungozi", kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba "ayilunganga" okanye "ayinqweneleki". Kanye njengoko sinokufumana amanyathelo afanelekileyo, kukho ne IMIZUZU kunye nezinye iinzame zamazwe ehlabathi ukumisela umbono wazo wokuba i-Intanethi kufuneka ibe njani. Oku kuphikisana kunokwenzeka kuba, njengoko besesitshilo, akunakwenzeka ukuba bacinge uRhulumente njengento okanye isixhobo esisesandleni somntu othile, kodwa njengenkqubo ephikisanayo, eneentanda. Umzamo wethu kufuneka ubhekiswe, ngokoluvo lwam, ekunyanzeleni le mpikiswano; Inzame engekho lula kwaphela, ngakumbi xa kwelinye icala kukho ubunini obukhulu, iinzuzo zazo zingaphaya kwe-GDP yamazwe aliqela adityanisiweyo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ade abe nenkxaso yamazwe abekwe kuwo.

Umbuzo onzima ohleli kumbhobho yile: ukuba ngaba umgaqo uyimfuneko (ukunciphisa amandla olawulo lwabodwa okanye oorhulumente bomhla, umzekelo) kwaye ekuphela kwendlela yokufezekisa loo mmiselo yimithetho, intsebenziswano kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya, luhlobo luni longenelelo ekufuneka ilizwe lethu likhusele (ndithetha, umzekelo, ngeLatin America okanye, ngokubanzi, "umda")? Kwaye, ngokuhambelana, kuyakufuneka kucace malunga nokuphendula koku kulandelayo: luhlobo luni lomgaqo abaya kufuna ukusebenzisa oorhulumente bamazwe abo kwimimandla yabo enkulu yolwazi lwe-Intanethi igcinwe kwaye apho kuhlala ezona nkampani zinkulu zetekhnoloji? Okanye loluphi uhlobo lommiselo oluza kufunwa ngoorhulumente abangozwilakhe? Kwaye okokugqibela: yeyiphi eyona ndawo inokunika le ngxoxo: yamazwe amabini, yengingqi, yehlabathi?

Uhlobo "lommiselo" endithetha ngalo alukho olunye ngaphandle kokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Intanethi ifikelela wonke umntu, ngaphandle kwezithintelo. Ayisiyokwakha "umkhosi wamapolisa wehlabathi", oya kuthi ube yinto engenakwenzeka kwaye ehlekisayo. Ngamanye amagama, kum, injongo ayisiyonto imbi, umgaqo wamapolisa, kodwa umgaqo olungileyo, ukukhusela nokuqinisekisa amalungelo abemi kunye nedemokhrasi, kule meko njengabasebenzisi be-Intanethi. Andiqondi ukuba oku kunokwenzeka - kwaye kuya kuba kuncinci kwaye kungabikho- ngaphandle kongenelelo lukarhulumente kunye nentsebenziswano: njengomzekelo, ummi waseBrazil angabukhusela njani ubumfihlo babo ukuba idatha yabo igcinwe kwelinye ilizwe? Kwidemokhrasi, ekuphela kwendlela yokukhusela amalungelo akho kokubini ngokuchasene neemfuno zobukumkani bodwa kunye nabo bakarhulumente abasemagunyeni kungenxa yemithetho (abo bangenathamsanqa lokuphila kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, kuyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuba banako. nzima ngakumbi), kodwa banemida efanayo yokulawula kukaRhulumente, yiyo loo nto intsebenziswano yamanye amazwe ibalulekile.

Ndiyavuma ukuba isikhundla sam asikho lula, kuba ngaphezulu kubonakala kukhululekile ukukhusela "ukungabikho komgaqo" kunye nokubuyela kwiRousseauian State of Nature apho sonke sibaleka ehlathini sibambene ngezandla. Isiqhulo kukuba "umgaqo" owoyikekayo sele ukhona kwaye awunyanzeliswa kuphela ngamagunya aseMelika (ngokubanzi lawo "eziko" kwaye "umda" kufuneka amkele ngokuzithoba), kodwa nangoku amashishini abucala. Ukulandelela kunye nokuthengisa ulwazi lwethu kokona kubungqina boku: siye saba yimveliso ethengiswayo. Ngapha koko ... impikiswano ivulekile. Sele ndiphose ilitye lokuqala ...

Ezinye iindlela zokukhathalela ubumfihlo bakho (kancinci)

Ekugqibeleni, i-PRISM yehlazo incede ukubeka le micimbi etafileni kwaye ikhokelele abantu abaninzi ukuba bathathe isigqibo sokwenza uhlobo "lokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo" kwi-Intanethi. Yena olunye usuku Ndizimase inkomfa ye UWerner koch, intloko ye-GnuPG, ethe "kunokwenzeka ukuba akukho namnye kuthi onokumelana nohlaselo ekujoliswe kulo, kodwa ukuba sihlala ngaphakathi 'kwabantu abaninzi' kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukunqanda ukulandelela." Mhlawumbi ilungile. Ukhuseleko olupheleleyo alunakwenzeka, kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza "namhlanje nangoku" ukunciphisa umkhondo woo monopolies ezinkulu kunye noorhulumente abathile.

Nazi ezinye 'ezikhuselekileyo' endaweni yeenkqubo zokusebenza, usetyenziso kunye neenkonzo ze-Intanethi ezithe zathethwa nguKoch kwintetho yakhe ezinokufumaneka 'ngamagama' kwiwebhusayithi https://prism-break.org/#es.