Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kwesoftware "yasimahla" kunye nesoftware "yasimahla"?

La ngamagama amabini ahlala esetyenziswa ngokufanayo kodwa akude kube njalo. Ngokuchasene noko, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo.

Isoftware yasimahla (ngesiNgesi isoftware yasimahla, nangona ngokwenyani eli gama linokuthetha ukuba simahla, kwaye ayisiyonto simahla, yiyo loo nto inkululeko yamaSpanishi ikwasetyenziswa nangesiNgesi) ligama lesoftware ehlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi ngaphezulu Imveliso ethengiweyo kwaye ke, yakuba ifunyenwe, inokusetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo, ikope, ifundwe, itshintshwe iphinde isasazwe.

Ngokutsho kwe Isiseko seSoftware sasimahlaIsoftware yasimahla ibhekisa kwinkululeko yabasebenzisi yokubaleka, yokukopa, yokuhambisa, yokufunda, yokutshintsha kunye neyokuphucula isoftware; ngokuchanekileyo, ibhekisa kwinkululeko ezine zabasebenzisi besoftware:

• inkululeko nxiba Inkqubo, ngayo nayiphi na injongo;
• inkululeko kufunda isebenza njani le nkqubo kunye yiguquleukulungelelanisa neemfuno zakho;
• inkululeko hambisa iikopi zenkqubo, onakho ngazo nceda ngaphandle kummelwane wakho;
• inkululeko phucula inkqubo kunye yenza esidlangalaleni olo phuculo kwabanye, ukuze uluntu lonke luxhamle.

Esinye sezizathu zodideko lokuba abantu abaninzi babhide isoftware yasimahla kunye nesoftware yasimahla eza, njengoko sibonile, ukusuka ekungaqondakali kwegama elithi "simahla" ngesiNgesi.. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba isoftware yasimahla evulekileyo yomthombo (i-FOSS) ikwabizwa ngokuba yiFree Free Source Software Software (FLOSS) Ke, uyazi, kwixesha elizayo xa usiya kwiwebhusayithi yesiNgesi kwaye uthi inkqubo "isimahla", kuya kufuneka uzibuze: ingaba ithetha ukuthini? Ngaba "isimahla" okanye "isimahla"? Ukusombulula iphazili uya kuba nakho ukufumanisa ukuba uyayithobela na inkululeko e-4 edweliswe apha ngasentla.

Kwakhona kulula ukudida "i-freeware" kunye "nesoftware yasimahla" kuba isoftware yasimahla ihlala ifumaneka simahla, okanye ngexabiso lokusasazwa ngezinye iindlela; Nangona kunjalo, oku akufuneki.. Ke ngoko, ayichanekanga ukudibanisa isoftware yasimahla kunye "nesoftware yasimahla" (ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi "freeware"), kuba isoftware, ngelixa igcina uphawu lwayo lwasimahla, inokuhanjiswa ngentengiso ("isoftware yorhwebo"). Kwangokunjalo, isoftware "yasimahla" okanye "yasimahla" ngamanye amaxesha ibandakanya ikhowudi yemvelaphi; Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwesoftware alukhululekanga ngengqondo efanayo nesoftware yasimahla, ngaphandle kokuba amalungelo okuguqula nokusasaza kwakhona iinguqulelo zenkqubo aqinisekisiwe.

Uphuhliso lwesoftware yasimahla ayisiyiyo "ihippie". Nangona inxenye ebonakalayo yegalelo kuphuhliso lwesoftware yasimahla yenziwe ngabantu abayenzela ukonwaba kunye nobizo lomntu, uninzi lwabo lufumana imbuyekezo yemali ngomsebenzi wabo. Kwelinye icala, zininzi iinkampani eziye zakwazi ukwenza "isoftware yasimahla ishishini elikhulu", ezinje ngeGoogle, Canonical, Red Hat, IBM nezinye ezininzi. Okokugqibela, akufuneki silibale ukuba amaxesha amaninzi ishishini elingemva kwesoftware linxulunyaniswa nokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ezongezelelweyo kwisoftware, ezinje: ukwenziwa kwayo kunye / okanye ukufakelwa, inkxaso yezobuchwephesha, iminikelo, inkxaso-mali; ngokuchasene nemodeli ephambili yeshishini esekwe kwilayisensi kwisoftware yomthombo evaliweyo.

Kutheni usebenzisa iilayisensi?

Ukuba umbono kukuba nabani na angabaleka, akope, asasaze, afunde, atshintshe kwaye aphucule isoftware, kutheni le nto ukusetyenziswa kweelayisensi kuyimfuneko? Ngaba "isoftware yobunini" ayichazwanga ngokuchanekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kweelayisensi? Ehh… hayi!

Okokuqala, imfuno "yokukhusela" isoftware yasimahla ngokusebenzisa iilayisensi ivela kolu luvo lulandelayo: Ungathini xa inkampani ithatha iprojekthi "yasimahla" kwaye iyigqume phantsi kwelayisenisi "ethintelayo" okanye "yokuthengisa"? Ukuze oku kungenzeki, kufuneka sisebenzise iilayisensi "zasimahla" ezikhusela ezi projekthi. Okwesibini, oku kubonisa ukuba Umahluko phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nesoftware yokuma awusebenzisi okanye awusebenzisi iilayisensi kodwa kuhlobo lweelayisensi ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Kananjalo akufuneki ukuba isoftware yasimahla ibhidaniswe "nesoftware yoluntu". Le yokugqibela yeyesoftware engafuni layisenisi, kuba amalungelo ayo "okuxhaphaza" enzelwe lonke uluntu, kwaye yeyomntu wonke ngokulinganayo. Nabani na angayisebenzisa, uhlala eyenzela iinjongo zomthetho kwaye echaza ubhalo lwayo loqobo. Le software iya kuba ngulowo umbhali ayinikela eluntwini okanye ilungelo lakhe lokushicilela liphelelwe lixesha, emva kwethuba lokufa oku, ngesiqhelo iminyaka engama-70. Ukuba umbhali ubeka imeko ekusebenziseni kwakhe phantsi kwelayisensi, nokuba ibuthathaka kangakanani na, ayisekho kwindawo yoluntu.

Amaphepha-mvume "asimahla"

Ukubona uluhlu olupheleleyo lokuthelekisa zonke iilayisensi zesoftware zasimahla ezaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ndicebisa ukuba ubone eli phepha leWikipedia.