Yintoni isoftware yasimahla?

El software free . Inkululeko yabasebenzisi kwimveliso abayithengileyo kwaye, ke ngoko, bakube bayifumene inokuba njalo isetyenzisiwe, ikhutshiwe, wafunda, kulungisiwe, kwaye isasazeke kwakhona ngokukhululekileyo. 


NgokukaFree Software Foundation, isoftware yasimahla ibhekisa kwinkululeko yabasebenzisi yokubaleka, yokukopa, yokuhambisa, yokufunda, yokuguqula isoftware, kunye nokusasaza isoftware eguqulweyo.

Isoftware ithathwa njengeyasimahla ukuba iyahlangabezana nezi meko zilandelayo:

  • Inkqubo inokusetyenziselwa nayiphi na injongo
  • Kuyenzeka ukuba ufikelele kwikhowudi yomthombo
  • Kuyenzeka ukuba wenze iikopi zenkqubo
  • Uphuculo lunokushicilelwa

Into ebalulekileyo yokuqaqambisa kukuba isoftware yasimahla isekwe kwimithetho esele ikho yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kwaye ibonelela ngenkululeko enkulu, ukuba umntu uhlangabezana neemeko ezithile. Ngamanye amagama, ivumela ukuguqulwa kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha kwesoftware, into evunyelwe ngokubanzi kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi "proprietary software", ukuba nje umntu uhambelana nemeko yokwenza olo hlengahlengiso lufumaneke kwihlabathi liphela. Isekwe kwinto yokuba ukuba sonke sabelana, sonke siyakuba ngcono.

Ngaphakathi kwisoftware yasimahla kukho iindidi ezininzi zeelayisensi:

  • I-GPL, enye yeelayisensi ezaziwayo zenziwa yiprojekthi ye-GNU.
  • I-LGPL, efanayo ne-GPL, kodwa umahluko ukwisikali esinaso
  • I-Creative Commons: ligama elibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zeelayisensi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimixholo yoyilo, njengemizobo, izicatshulwa okanye umculo. Olunye lwelayisensi luthathwa njengasimahla.

Kukho kwakhona iSoftware evulekileyo, okhupha eyona nto ililayisensi ye-BSD. Isoftware evulekileyo ivumela ukwabiwa ngokutsha kwekhowudi kunye nesoftware, ngaphandle kocalulo, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuba ikhowudi yemvelaphi efanayo inokuhlala ifikeleleka. Okokugqibela ngumahluko ophambili kwisoftware yasimahla.

Yintoni ethathelwa ingqalelo isoftware yobunini?

Isoftware yobunini ibizwa njalo ngokuba ukuyisebenzisa kuyazithathela amalungelo obunayo ngokwendalo. Isoftware yokuthengisa ikhatshwa sisivumelwano selayisensi sokusetyenziswa kokugqibela, okanye i-EULA ngegama layo ngesiNgesi. Eli layisenisi linciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Eyona iphambili kukuba iyakwalela ukuguqula inkqubo kunye nokuthintela into endinokuyenza ngale nkqubo.

Umzekelo woku ngabaqhubi behardware, elayisensi yabo ivumela kuphela ukuba isetyenziswe kunye nezixhobo ezithile ngokukodwa, kunye nenkqubo ethile yokusebenza.

Sibona ukufakwa okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokuthengisa. Lo ayisiyiyo ngqo iodolo, kodwa amanyathelo angaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Inye iqhuba i-installer (ihlala icofa kabini kwifayile .exe)
  • Umyalezo wokwamkela uvela
  • Uyacelwa ukuba uvume kwilayisensi
  • Uyacelwa ukuba ukhethe ifolda apho uza kuyifaka khona
  • Uyacelwa ukuba uqinisekise
  • Iifayile ezihambelanayo zifakiwe
  • Ukufakwa kugqityiwe

Inqaku lokwahlula phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nesoftware yobunini kwilayisensi umntu ayamkelayo kwinqanaba c. Ikhontrakthi yenkqubo yile ibonisa ukuba yinkqubo yasimahla okanye yokuthengisa. Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi kweenkqubo zobunini kukho iindidi ezininzi:

  • Intlawulo: isoftware ekufuneka umsebenzisi ahlawule kuyo ukuze ayifumane kwaye akwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ilungelo lokusetyenziswa lilinganiselwe ngexesha kwaye kufuneka lihlawulwe kwakhona ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenzisa.
  • Iidemos / i-Shareware: Imizekelo yolu hlobo lwenkqubo yiWinzip okanye iWinnar. Kule nkqubo, ukusebenza kwabo kuthintelwe kwinani elithile leentsuku.
  • Mahala: Ezi zinokukhutshelwa simahla kwi-intanethi kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle komda, nangona kukho uguqulelo oluhlawulelweyo olunezinto ezininzi. Umzekelo woku yiWinamp.

Ngokubanzi, isoftware yobunini iyaziwa phantsi kwegama leSoftware evaliweyo okanye isoftware yobunini. Ubunini ligama elifanelekileyo ngakumbi kuba, njengoko sibonile, lisibandeza amalungelo.

Izibonelelo eziphambili zeSoftware yasimahla kwiSoftware yabucala

Ukubonisa ezi zibonelelo, masithathe umzekelo wento esiyisebenzisa sonke namhlanje, iiselfowuni. Ngokubanzi, umntu ufumana iselfowuni ngokuyithenga kwinkampani engeyiyo eyakhe iselfowuni, kodwa kunoko umnikezeli wenkonzo yefowuni.

Inkampani ikuthengisela iselfowuni "nephepha-mvume lokusebenzisa isiphelo", esibeka iimeko ezithile kuwe, ezinjengelona xesha lincinci ekufuneka uligcinile lenkonzo yefowuni kunye nemisebenzi onokuyisebenzisa kunye neselfowuni. Ithintelwe ekwenzeni izinto loo nkampani ingafuni ukuba uyenze ngeselula yakho, okanye efuna ukukuhlawulisa eyongezelelweyo.

Kude kube kutshanje, bade babiza imali eyongezelelweyo ukukunika ikhowudi eyayikuvumela ukuba utshintshe iinkampani, nokuba ixesha elincinci lalisele liphelile.
Ngamanye amagama, bayakuvimba ukwenza izinto ngeselula YAKHO, enokuthi yenziwe sisixhobo, kodwa inkampani ibeka izithintelo ezingezizo zokukuhlawulisa njengenkonzo eyongezelelweyo, okanye ukuthengisela isixhobo esibiza kakhulu. Kwaye bade bakunyanzele ukuba utshintshe iselfowuni yakho okanye uyilahle kwaye uthenge enye xa bengasafuni ukugcina inkonzo yohlobo lweselfowuni ezithi iinkampani zithathe ukuphelelwa lixesha, njengoko kwenzekile ngezitena.
Kwaye ke unabenzi beefowuni, abakuhlawulisa isoftware yokuqhagamshela kwiselfowuni, okanye isixhobo esincinci, njengoko kunjalo kwifowuni eyaziwayo kwezi ntsuku. Kwaye iwaranti iyaphelelwa nje xa uchukumisa isikrufu, okanye bazama ukukuhlawulisa ngokutshintsha ibhetri.

Kwelinye icala, uneselfowuni yasimahla. Izicwangciso zeeselfowuni zisimahla, ke kukho abantu abanokuthi banegalelo ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithi zivele, njengokusebenzisa iselfowuni embindini wehlathi lasePatagonia, into umenzi oqhelekileyo ebengenakuyihoya kakhulu kuba ayisiyiyo ngokuchanekileyo i-niche yakho.

Kwaye ungazifaka iinkqubo kunye nemidlalo oyifunayo ngokudibanisa kwikhompyuter yakho kunye nesoftware eyenzelwe umntu ukuba ibe ngumququzeleli wakho kunye nomnye umntu olungisiweyo ukuze iqhubeke nale fowuni. Ungayisebenzisa kwakhona kwinto ethi umenzi okanye inkampani icinge ngelo xesha, njengeselula enekhamera ethumela iifoto qho ngemizuzwana eyi-x kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ubambe umbono wobuxoki ngocingo kwinethiwekhi eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuhlawula enye inkonzo. Okanye utshintshe yonke isoftware uyisebenzisele enye kwikhompyuter yakho kwaye uyenze ngokwezifiso zakho, hayi ngokhetho olunikwa yile portal yale okanye yinkampani yefowuni. Kwaye ukuba awuyithandi loo nkampani yeefowuni, ungatshintsha nanini na ufuna ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye, kwaye usebenzise ezinye ngaxeshanye, ngohlobo lomnxeba, umyalezo okanye into ofuna ukuyenza. Ngamanye amagama, iselfowuni yenza le nto uyifunayo hayi enye indlela.

Isoftware yasimahla izama ukukubuyisela amalungelo angaze athathwe kuwe, kwaye uqhele ukungabinayo. Isoftware yasimahla ikholelwa ukuba xa sonke sabelana, sonke siya kuba ngcono. Kubonakala ngathi yi-utopia, kodwa yinto ebonakalayo; Iyenzeka ecaleni kwakho ungakhange uyiqonde.

Iintsomi kunye neNyaniso yeSoftware yasimahla ngokuchasene neSoftware evaliweyo okanye yabucala

  • Isoftware yasimahla yenziwa ngoochwephesha, ke ngoko ikumgangatho osezantsi kuneSoftware yabucala
    BUXOKI: Njengazo zonke iindawo, umgangatho uyahluka, kodwa isoftware yasimahla ivumela abantu abaninzi ukuba baphonononge ikhowudi kwaye bacebise ukuphucula. Olu hlobo lokujonga kunye nokuphononongwa, kwezinye iimeko ngamawaka abantu, lwenza ukuba umgangatho wesoftware ufane okanye ubengcono kunesoftware yokuthengisa. Nokuba uninzi lwaba bantu lusebenza kwiinkampani zesoftware ngendlela ezinzileyo.
  • Isoftware yasimahla ifumaneka simahla
    BUXOKI: Isoftware yasimahla-Isoftware yasimahla ngesiNgesi, isuka "Isimahla njengakwintetho yasimahla, hayi njengakwibhiya yasimahla", eguqulelwa ngolu hlobo: "Simahla njengakwinkululeko yokuthetha, hayi njengakubhiya wasimahla." Le yinto yokungakhathali enokwenza ingqiqo ngakumbi kwabo bathetha isiNgesi, ngakumbi ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwegama elithi "simahla." Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwesoftware yasimahla simahla. Nokuba sele ihlawulwe, yakuba ifunyenwe ilayisensi yesoftware, inokukhutshelwa simahla, ukuba imiqathango yelayisensi iyafezekiswa.
  • KwiSoftware yasimahla akukho mntu wenza imali
    BUXOKI: Ngaphandle koko, kungathengwa njani ukuthengwa kwezinye zeenkampani zeSoftware yasimahla, ezinje ngeMySql, umzekelo, esandula ukufunyanwa yiSun Microsystems? Kukwakho neenkampani ezenza iSoftware yasimahla kwilizwe lethu kwaye zenze ingeniso kuba oko kuthengiswayo ayisiyiyo inkqubo ngokwayo, kodwa yinkxaso kunye neenkonzo zophuhliso lwesiko.

Iilayisenisi

Ilayisensi sisivumelwano apho umbhali wesoftware agunyazisa umsebenzisi ukuba enze "izenzo zomthetho zokuxhaphaza". Phakathi kweelayisensi zasimahla, ezaziwa kakhulu zezi:

  • Amaphepha-mvume e-GPL
  • Iilayisensi ze-BSD
  • MPL kunye neelayisensi ezivela kwezinye

Ngaphantsi kwe-GPL (i-GNU General Public License) umbhali ugcina amalungelo obunini kwaye uvumela ukwabiwa ngokutsha kunye nokulungiswa phantsi kwemiqathango eyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqulelo zesoftware zihlala phantsi kwemiqathango ethintelayo yeGNU GPL uqobo.

Malunga ne-60% yesoftware enelayisensi njengeSoftware yasimahla isebenzisa iphepha-mvume le-GPL. Isithintelo selayisensi: ukusasazwa kwakhona kweenguqulelo ezilungisiweyo ezinenguqulo yoqobo ephantsi kwelayisensi yeGPL, kufuneka ikhutshelwe ilayisensi phantsi kweGPL. Oko kukuthi, ikhowudi yemvelaphi kufuneka igcinwe ivulelekile kuye nakubani na ofuna ukuyifunda kunye / okanye ukuyiguqula, akufuneki ivalwe. Kwimeko yokugqibela, iphepha-mvume liya kwaphulwa.

Ilayisensi ye-BSD ilayisensi yesoftware enikezwe ikakhulu iinkqubo ze-BSD (iBerkeley Software Distribution). Yeqela leelayisensi zeSoftware evulekileyo kwaye umahluko ophambili kwi-GPL kukuba unezithintelo ezimbalwa. Inqaku lelayisensi ye-BSD kukuba ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwekhowudi yemvelaphi kwiSoftware evaliweyo, ngokuchasene neGPL.

Ilayisensi ye-MPL (iMozilla Public License ngeSpanish okanye iMozilla kaRhulumente iLayisensi ngesiNgesi) ngumthombo ovulekileyo kunye nelayisensi yeSoftware yasimahla. Yaphuhliswa yiNetscape Communications Corporation, ukukhulula iNetscape Communicator 4.0, eyayiza kuthi kamva ibe yiprojekthi eyaziwayo neyaziwayo yeMozilla. Ilayisensi ye-MPL ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nenkcazo yesoftware evulelekileyo kunye neenkululeko ezine zeSoftware yasimahla. Nangona kunjalo, i-MPL ishiya ivule indlela yokusetyenziswa kwakhona okungenasimahla kwesoftware ngaphandle kokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi okanye ukuphinda unike ilayisensi phantsi kwelayisensi efanayo.

Okwangoku kukho isiseko, Isiseko seSoftware yasimahla (FSF)Eli liziko elibonisa ukuba iphepha-mvume lisimahla okanye akunjalo. Ukubona onke amaphepha-mvume asimahla, bona: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html


Izimvo ezi-11, shiya ezakho

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.

  1.   Suso sitsho

    Isiqinisekiso:
    * Uguqulelo oluchanekileyo lwe "Simahla njengakwintetho yasimahla, hayi njengakwibhiya yasimahla" ngu "Mahala njengakwinkululeko yokuthetha, hayi njengakubhiya wasimahla", enyanisweni ngeSpanish akukho mpazamo yenzeka ngesiNgesi, apho « simahla "kunokuthetha zombini" simahla "kunye" simahla ".

  2.   Masisebenzise iLinux sitsho

    Enkosi! Ilungisiwe yongezwa ingxelo malunga «nokungaqondakali» kwegama «mahala» ngesiNgesi. Kuyinyani ngokupheleleyo. Masinwabe!

  3.   Suso sitsho

    Wamkelekile! Kuhle ukunikela into kumaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukuqhubeka nomxholo, ndicinga ukuba "simahla" sinyanzeliswa ngakumbi kunokuba "simahla." Ukubeka umzekelo: I-Internet Explorer okanye iWindows Live Messenger zisimahla, kodwa azikho simahla.

  4.   Adriannaly sitsho

    Umsebenzi wasekhaya uyadika ngoku kufuneka ndiphande

    1.    Umzi sitsho

      Unyanisile Hahahahahaha

  5.   umKristu elihu mendez nuñez sitsho

    Inqaku linomdla kakhulu, kodwa ingaba loluphi uluhlu lwesoftware yasimahla?
    Zeziphi ezaziwa kakhulu?
    Ngaba ayichaphazeli into yokuba umsebenzisi atshintshe ikhowudi yemvelaphi, ngalo lonke ixesha?
    Kuthekani ukuba omnye umsebenzisi akayithandi, akakwazi ukubona uhlobo oluthile lwempikiswano yokutshintsha ikhowudi yemvelaphi nangaliphi na ixesha?
    Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwesoftware evulekileyo nesimahla?
    Ndiyathetha, yeyiphi into yokuba nesoftware evulekileyo ukuba awukwazi ukungena ngokukhululekileyo kwikhowudi yemvelaphi ukuba yile nto yeyomniniyo

  6.   U Ernesto sitsho

    UKUSETYENZISWA KOKUFANELEKILEYO KOLWIMI. Babhala / babhale: «Ngokuzenzekelayo» Kufanele ukuba kuthiwe: «KWASEKUQALENI».

  7.   UKaren Marin sitsho

    Ulwazi olugqwesileyo malunga nesoftware yasimahla.

  8.   adrien castilla sitsho

    enkosi linux ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu

  9.   UAndrea Elizabeth Carvajal Basto sitsho

    Ulwazi oluhle kakhulu! Ungathandabuzeki, ngokujonga umba ovela ekusetyenzisweni kwesoftware yasimahla ziinkampani.Yintoni eza kuba luncedo kwii-SMEs (iinkampani ezincinci neziphakathi) zisebenzisa isoftware yasimahla endaweni yesoftware evulekileyo nevaliweyo? Kananjalo, ungandinika eminye imizekelo yesoftware yasimahla ekhoyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengoncedo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye ngendlela ngokubanzi zii-SMEs.

  10.   UAndrea Elizabeth Carvajal Basto sitsho

    Ukugqibezela ulwazi olukwiphepha kancinci kunye nokuthandabuza okushiyekileyo kum. Ndigqibe kwelokuba ndenze uphando kwaye ndafumanisa kwiphepha leGeekno ukuba umahluko phakathi komthombo ovulekileyo kunye nesimahla kukuba kwimeko yesoftware yasimahla, ayifumaneki kuphela ikhowudi yemithombo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuyiguqula, ukuyisasaza kunye nokuba urhwebo lutshintsho, ukuba nje sincamathisela umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nelayisensi ehambelana nawo yasimahla. Kwelinye icala, isoftware evulekileyo inokungavumeli urhwebo kunye nokulungiswa kwikhowudi, okanye ngokuhambisa nje olo tshintsho. (M Blanco, 2019).

    Kwenzekile kum ukujonga imizekelo yeenkqubo zesoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo.
    Ngokwiphepha le-gidahatari, ezinye zeenkqubo zesoftware ezisimahla zezi zilandelayo:
    1.LinuxUbuntu
    2. FreeOffice
    3. I-GIMP
    4. Inkscape
    5. IMozilla FireFox

    Kwaye ngokwekhasi leComputerHoy, ezinye iinkqubo zomthombo ovulekileyo zezi:
    1. IVLC
    2. IChromium
    3. Mozilla Thunderbird
    4. FileZilla
    5. IClamAV
    6.XBMC
    7. PDFUmyili
    8.I-PeaZip