I-IT Reflection: Iikhompyuter ezindala kunye nezanamhlanje, kunye nezixhobo eziphantsi neziphezulu
Namhlanje, siya kwenza encinci kwaye iluncedo «IT Reflection». Apho siza kujongana nenqaku elibalulekileyo elihlala liphindaphinda kwiincoko zabaninzi abanomdla iteknoloji, iteknoloji yolwazi kunye nekhompyutha. Ingakumbi kwezo ze indawo ye-linux apho kukho infinities of Ulwabiwo lweGNU / Linux ngosetyenziso kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo.
Kwaye le ngongoma yile: Indlela yokwahlula ngokuchanekileyo ikhompyuter? Ngokubhekiselele, ukuba indala, yakutshanje okanye yangoku, kwaye ukuba iphantsi, iphakathi okanye isiphelo esiphezulu. Ke, ngaphantsi kwegalelo lethu kulo mba.
I-Distros: encinci, elula, elula kunye nenjongo enye okanye ngokuchaseneyo?
Kwaye njengesiqhelo, ngaphambi kokungena ngokupheleleyo kwisihloko sanamhlanje kule nto «IT Reflection», ejongene ngokukodwa neempawu zobugcisa ze iikhomputha ezindala, zakutshanje kunye nezanamhlanje, kunye nemithombo ephantsi, ephakathi kunye nephezulu ye-HW; Siza kushiyela abo banomdla amakhonkco alandelayo kwezinye iimpapasho ezinxulumene nangaphambili. Ngendlela yokuba banokuziphonononga ngokulula, ukuba kuyimfuneko, emva kokugqiba le mpapasho:
“Uninzi lwabasebenzisi beLinux bayavumelana nemodeli yangoku yokuthengisa phantse yonke i-GNU/Linux Distros. Oko kukuthi, Ukuhanjiswa okunikezelwa ngee-ISO ezincinci, phakathi kwe-1 okanye i-2 GB, ukukhuphela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiidrive ezincinci ze-USB. Unikezelo olulula, oluncinci kunye nolwenjongo enye. Kodwa, yintoni i-GNU/Linux Distros ekhoyo kwabo bafuna ukusebenzisa kuphela i-GNU/Linux Distro engakhanyi, kodwa yomelele, ingeyiyo i-minimalist kodwa igcwele imbonakalo entle, ingeyiyo enye kodwa inenjongo ezininzi, kwaye ngokucacileyo ayincinci ngobukhulu kodwa inkulu, ukuba inikeza ithuba lokuba nezinto ezininzi, kungekho nto okanye i-Intanethi encinci? I-Distros: encinci, elula, elula kunye nenjongo enye okanye ngokuchaseneyo?
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-IT: IiDistros zeekhompyuter okanye iiKhompyutha zedistros
I-IT Reflection malunga nokuba ikhompyuter kufuneka yahlulwe njani
Isizukulwana sabantu: iminyaka engama-25
Yale IT Reflection siya kufuna a ipateni yomlinganiselo esengqiqweni nefanelekileyo, ke ngoko, siya kusebenzisa ukuphela kwe 25 iminyaka. Eli xesha libonakala lifanelekile kuthi, njengoko lihambelana nexesha eliqhelekileyo apho a isizukulwana sabantu. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-Wikipedia:
“Isizukulwana ngabantu bonke abazalwayo nabaphila ngaxeshanye, xa bejongwa njengeqela. Kwakhona kunokuchazwa njengexesha eliqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo elicingelwa njengeminyaka engama-20 ukusa kwengama-30, apho abantwana bazalwa baze bakhule, babe ngabantu abakhulu, baze baqalise ukuba nabantwana.
Umhla wokuqalisa: 1975
Kwakhona, siya kufuna misela umhla wokuqalisa. Apho, siya kuthatha njengereferensi yomhla wokudala (ukuqaliswa) kwezi mveliso zilandelayo zobuchwepheshe:
- Ikhompyuter yakho yokuqala (Kenback-1): 1970
- IiNkqubo zokuQala zokuSebenza kwiikhompyuter: UNIX kwi1970, I-MS DOS kwi1980, OS X kwi1984, MS yeWindows ngo-1985, kwaye Linux: 1991.
Ke, kwisiphakamiso sethu sohlelo, siya kuseka okufanayo kwi nyaka 1975, usuku olusondeleyo lokuqala kwayo yonke into.
Izizukulwana zekhompyuter ezicetywayo
Ngoku ukususela kunyaka ka-1975 nakwithuba leminyaka engama-25, sinokuseka ngokulula oku kulandelayo:
- Isizukulwana sokuqala sekhompyuter yakho: Esi sizukulwana sibandakanya ezo khompyutha ezihamba ukusuka ekuqaleni kwe-1975 ukuya ekupheleni kuka-1999. Kwaye phantse ngaphandle kombuzo, onke ayengama-32-bit. Yintoni, ngokungagqibekanga, eyenza ukuba kungenzeki ukufaka nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza yangoku, ngendlela ephakathi kunye nesebenzayo.
- Isizukulwana sesibini seekhompyuter zobuqu: Esi sizukulwana siya kubandakanya ezo khompyutha ezihamba ukusuka ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000 ukuya ekupheleni konyaka ka-2024. Kwaye ekubeni, iikhomputha ezininzi ukusuka kunyaka we-2000 okanye ngaphezulu, zinokuqwalaselwa namhlanje, izixhobo ezisebenzayo ukuya kwenkulu okanye encinci. isidanga, ukuya Nangona abaninzi 32-bit okanye core eyodwa, siya kwahlula isizukulwana sangoku iikhompyutha zobuqu kwezi ndidi 1 zilandelayo.
iintlobo zeekhompyutha
- Iikhompyuter ezindala ezinezixhobo eziphantsi ze-HW: Olu hlobo lweekhompyuter lubandakanya zonke ezo khompyutha ze-32/64 Bit, ezaveliswa zaza zathengiswa ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000 ukuya ekupheleni konyaka ka-2009. ukususela, abaninzi baqwalaselwe 1 CPU Core kunye 2 GB of RAM. Kwaye ubukhulu be-avareji ephezulu yee-hard drives ezisetyenzisiweyo yayiyi-64 GB.
- Iikhompyuter zamva nje ezinemithombo ye-HW ephakathi: Olu hlobo lweekhompyutha lubandakanya zonke ezo khompyutha ze-32/64 Bit, eziye zaveliswa zaza zathengiswa ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2010 ukuya ekupheleni konyaka ka-2019. ukususela, abaninzi baqwalaselwe ukuya 4 CPU Cores kunye 8 GB of RAM. Kwaye ubukhulu be-avareji ephezulu yee-hard drives ezisetyenzisiweyo yi-512 GB.
- Iikhompyuter zanamhlanje ezinezixhobo eziphezulu ze-HW: Olu hlobo lweekhompyuter lubandakanya zonke ezo khompyutha ze-64-bit, ezaveliswa kwaye zathengiswa ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2020, kwaye ziya kuveliswa kwaye zithengiswe kude kube sekupheleni konyaka ka-2024. Ukongeza, ezi khompyutha zinokuqwalaselwa, ngo okungagqibekanga, kunye nezibonelelo eziphezulu, ekubeni, ezininzi ziqwalaselwe ngokomyinge, kunye ne-8 CPU Cores kunye ne-16 GB ye-RAM, ukuya phambili. Kwaye ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokwakhelwa-ngaphakathi kwi-hard drives yi-1TB. Ukongeza, uninzi luza ngokungagqibekanga ngee-GPU ezilungileyo, zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle, kunye ne-SSD hard drives.
Isizukulwana sesithathu sesithathu seekhompyuter zobuqu
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kuyasishiya ukusukela kunyaka ka-2024 singabe sibukele ukuzalwa kuka Isizukulwana esitsha kunye nesesithathu seekhompyuter zobuqu. Kungekuphela nje itekhnoloji entsha, kodwa itekhnoloji eqinileyo, eqhelana ngokunzulu notshintsho lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji. Ke ngoko, sinokuba semnyango kwiikhompyuter zethu, kunye iindawo zehardware okanye iimodyuli zesoftware esekwe kubuchwephesha benguqu yangoku, njenge:
- Ngokukhawuleza, ii-CPU ezisebenzayo, ii-GPU, ii-RAM kunye neeDiskhi ezinomthamo omkhulu wokusetyenzwa kunye nokugcina.
- Iiprosesa ezingakumbi nezingcono ezisekwe kwi-ARM kunye ne-RISC.
- Inkxaso entsha ye-128-bit yezakhiwo kunye ne-quantum computing.
- Ukubandakanywa kweetshiphusi zeArtificial Intelligence kunye neNeural Networks.
- Ukuhambelana kwinethiwekhi ye-5G kunye ne-6G ephezulu.
- Ukudityaniswa okungaphezulu komthonyama kunye netekhnoloji ye-decentralized kunye nelifu, njengeBlockchain kunye ne-DeFi (i-Cryptocurrencies, i-NFTs kunye ne-Metaverses) kunye neentlobo ze-Virtual, ezongeziweyo kunye neMixed Reality.
Malunga neGNU / Linux
Ukuthathela ingqalelo konke oku, ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi ukusuka ngoku ukuya phambili, umzekelo, xa ucinga nge-GNU/Linux Distro efanelekileyo yekhompyuter endala okanye enye enezixhobo eziphantsi zehardware, iya kuba nepatheni yomhla kunye neemfuno zehardware ukuyisekela kuyo.
Umzekelo, ndisebenzisa a Phendula (ngoku ngokuBonakalayo nangokuFakela umfanekiso omde) esekwe kwi I-MX Linux (uguqulelo 21) kunye I-Debian GNU / Linux (uguqulelo 11), ogama lakhe lingu Imimangaliso, kwaye ihamba kakuhle kwikhompyuter yamva nje enemithombo ephakathi ye-HW. Njengoko iwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni ibonisa:
"I-MilagrOS GNU/Linux luhlelo olungekho semthethweni (Respin) lweDistro MX-Linux. Okuza kunye nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okugqithisileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono, okwenza ukuba ilungele i-64-bit, yanamhlanje kunye ne-mid / high-end computer. Kwaye ikwafanelekile kubasebenzisi abangenayo okanye abanakho ukusilela kwi-Intanethi, kunye nolwazi oluncinci okanye oluphakathi lwe-GNU/Linux. Nje ukuba ifunyenwe (ikhutshelwe) kwaye ifakwe, ingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kwesidingo se-Intanethi, kuba yonke into eyimfuneko kunye nokunye kufakwe ngaphambili.".
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, sinethemba lokuba le nto incinci inomdla “Umfanekiso we-IT» vumela abaninzi ukuba babe nepateni xa kufikwa kuyo hlela kakuhle ikhomputha. Okanye njengekhompyuter indala, yakutshanje okanye yangoku, kunye izixhobo zehardware eziphantsi, eziphakathi okanye eziphezulu. Kule nto, kwaye ngokuhambelanayo, fakela okanye ucebise ufakelo a Ukuhanjiswa kwe-GNU / Linux ilungele yona, ngokutsho kwe ukusetyenziswa okanye ubuncinane iimfuno nganye nganye.
Siyathemba ukuba olu papasho luluncedo kakhulu kumntu wonke «Comunidad de Software Libre, Código Abierto y GNU/Linux». Kwaye ungalibali ukuphawula ngayo apha ngezantsi, kwaye wabelane ngayo nabanye kwiiwebhusayithi zakho ozithandayo, amajelo, amaqela okanye uluntu lwenethiwekhi yoluntu okanye iinkqubo zemiyalezo. Ekugqibeleni, tyelela iphepha lethu lasekhaya ku «DesdeLinux» ukuphonononga ezinye iindaba, kwaye ujoyine ijelo lethu elisemthethweni ITelegram ye DesdeLinux, Bucala ngasekunene iqela ngolwazi oluthe kratya ngalo mbandela.
Inqaku elinomdla, nangona isiqalo ngo-1975 sibonakala singenasizathu, isizathu kukubonakala kweprosesa yexabiso eliphantsi le-Altair (i-intel 8008 clone), eyavumela ukudalwa kweePC ezifikelelekayo, ezifana ne-Apple II kunye ne-Commodore 64.
Kwi-1970, ukubonakala kwedatha yedatha, iPC yokuqala enesikrini kunye nekhibhodi ye-qwerty, ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu kum.
Ngo-1981 i-OS yokuqala yomzobo ibonakala, i-xenon-altos, leyo Imisebenzi ikopishelwe iapile.
Kwakhona khankanya i-Thinkpad ka-1991 (ilaptop yokuqala) kunye nokuzalwa kwe-intanethi kwangaloo nyaka.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuqonda izizukulwana zeePC Ukuba ibhasi yokucubungula ithathelwe ingqalelo, iya kuba yi-8, 16, 32 kunye ne-64 bits. Ukuba kuthathwe iteknoloji ye-semiconductor (njengoko kubonakala ngathi wenza), siya kuba nesizukulwana se-micro-semiconductors kunye ne-nano-semiconductors (okwangoku i-architecture yeePC ikwi-7nm). Okulandelayo yi-pico-semiconductors kwaye kubonakala ngathi i-ARM ikhokela itekhnoloji.
Ngokomntu ndingathanda ukubona i-linux ilandela indlela efanayo kwi-chrome os (ukuvumela ii-apps zeselula ukuba zifakwe ngokulula kwaye zisetyenziswe), ukuqonda ukuba ii-PC ezinezikrini ezithintekayo zizo eziya kuphumelela. Ngapha koko, inqaku elilungileyo, imibuliso evela eMexico.
Ndiyabulisa uHerbert. Enkosi ngezimvo zakho kunye negalelo elikhulu kumxholo oxutyushwayo, ngakumbi malunga nemihla ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter zobuqu.