Amaphepha-mvume ophuhliso lweSoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo: Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuziphatha

Omnye ilayisensi yesoftware, xa sithetha ngokubanzi, inokuchazwa njenge isivumelwano phakathi kwe umbhali (umdali) umnini wamalungelo okusebenzisa nokusasaza imveliso eyenziweyo kunye nomthengi okanye umsebenzisi yalo

Yiyo loo nto zonke iilayisensi Ngokwenkcazo, zibandakanya ukufezekiswa kothotho ngokwemiqathango kunye neemeko esekwe ngumbhali (umdali). Oko kukuthi, a ilayisensi yesoftwareAkukho nto ngaphandle kwe ilungelo lokusebenzisa yenkqubo phantsi kweeparameter ezithile ezamkelweyo.

Iindidi zeelayisensi zeSoftware

Ngamanye amaxesha, iilayisensi zesoftware Ngokwesiqhelo ukumisela Ixesha lokuhlala nawe uya kuba nayo, kuba inokuba njalo isigxina okanye sinqunyelwe. Enye into ethambekele ekubumbeni iimpawu zazo yile ubume bendawoOko kukuthi, ummandla abaya kusetyenziswa kuwo ngokwemiqathango kunye neemeko isekiwe; kuba ilizwe ngalinye lihlala linemigaqo yalo ngokubhekisele ilayisensi yesoftware.

Amaphepha-mvume zihlala zohlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwifayile ye- uhlobo lweSoftware ukugqunywa, oko kukuthi, uhlobo ngalunye lweLayisensi kunye / okanye iSoftware ichaza enye. Phakathi kweeLayisensi ezaziwayo kunye / okanye iSoftware esinokuyikhankanya:

Iimveliso zesoftware zasimahla, ezingasimahla okanye ezivulekileyo zesoftware

• Iphepha-mvume lokulahlwa kwezinto: Ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise isoftware kwimeko eshiyiweyo (simahla kuwo onke amalungelo obunini) esidlangalaleni kwaye iqinisekiswe ngumbhali wayo. Ukuququzelela ukufezekiswa kokulungiswa kunye nokusasazwa nabanye.
• Ilayisensi yokukhathalela: Ivumela umsebenzisi amalungelo afanayo nelayisensi yeFreeware; kodwa simmema ukuba enze umnikelo onganyanzelekanga okanye obekiweyo, ngenxa yeminikelo yokuxhasa izizathu zoluntu, uthando kunye namanye amaphulo ahambelana noko. Ngokubanzi kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba akope kwaye ayiguqule ngaphandle kwezithintelo.
• Ilayisensi yeCrippleware: Ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise isoftware kwiinguqulelo ezikhanyayo (lite), Oko kukuthi, ngemisebenzi encinci xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olupheleleyo okanye oluphambili.
• Ilayisensi yomnikelo: Ivumela umsebenzisi amalungelo afanayo nelayisensi yeFreeware; kodwa ukumema okufanayo ukwenza umnikelo onganyanzelekanga okanye wokubonisa imeko, ukulungiselela ukuqhubeka kophuhliso lwesicelo esele sithethiwe.
• Ilayisensi yasimahla: Ivumela umsebenzisi ilungelo lasimahla lokusebenzisa kunye nokukopa isoftware phantsi kwemigaqo echazwe ngumbhali wale nkqubo ngaphandle kokuvumela phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko ukuguqulwa kwayo okanye ukuthengiswa kwabantu besithathu.
• Iphepha-mvume lekhadi leposi: Ivumela umsebenzisi amalungelo afanayo nelayisensi yeFreeware; kodwa ukumema okufanayo ukuthumela ileta yeposi, ngendlela enganyanzelekanga okanye yokubeka imeko, ukuxhasa ukukhula kwemveliso.
• Ilayisenisi yeSawareware: Ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise isoftware okwexeshana okanye ngokusisigxina, kodwa ngemisebenzi ethintelweyo. Inokusebenza xa uhlawula ingxelo epheleleyo.

Imveliso yesoftware yokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa

Un Isoftware yobunini iqhele ukungagqibeki a Isoftware yobunini kunye nevaliweyo, kuba ilayisenisi yayo ithintela umda ukukopa, ukuguqula kunye nokwabiwa kwamalungelo kwakhona efanayo, ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela (umthengi) ahlawule isixa esithile kumbhali ukuba abe nelungelo lokwenza njalo.

Ngelixa a Isoftware yorhwebo Inephepha-mvume elinikezela ngokungagqibekanga, ukuhlawulwa okufanayo kuya kusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, ikho Isoftware yorhwebo enokuthi isimahla okanye ibe yeyabanininjengoko ikhoyo Isoftware engahlawulelwayo kwaye ayithengisi.

Ngapha koko, ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye ngokupheleleyo, iilayisensi zesoftware kumhlaba we Isoftware yobunini, evaliweyo, okanye yentengiso Ezi zinokufunyanwa kwizikim ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo esinokuthi sikhankanye:

• Ukulayiseniswa kweMqulu (Umqulu)
• Iimvume eziPhezulu zeMveliso (Ivenkile)
• Ukukhutshwa kwelayisensi ye-elektroniki yimveliso ethile (OEM)

Kwakhona, xa Umsebenzisi wokugqibela uhlala ufumana i- Ilayisensi eneenkcukacha idla ngokwaziwa njenge: Isivumelwano seLayisensi yomsebenzisi wokugqibela (i-EULA) o Isivumelwano seLayisensi yomsebenzisi wokugqibela (i-EULA). NgesiNgesi kudla ngokubizwa Isivumelwano seLayisensi yoMsebenzisi wokugqibela (i-EULA).

Ezinye iintlobo zeelayisensi zeSoftware

• Ukusuka kwindawo kawonkewonke: Leyo ingabandakanyi izinto zeLungelo lokushicilela kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa, ukukopa, ukulungiswa okanye ukuhanjiswa kwakhona kwenzuzo okanye hayi.
• Khuphela ekhohlo: Oko kusetyenzisiwe kwiimveliso zeSoftware yasimahla, amagama osasazo angavumeli abasasazi kwakhona ukuba bongeze naziphi na izithintelo ezongezelelweyo xa bephinda behambisa okanye beguqula, ukuze ingxelo eguqulweyo nayo ibe simahla.
• Isuka kwisoftware yasimahla: Le isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezingezizo iiSoftware zaSimahla, kodwa igunyazisa ukusetyenziswa, ukukopa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwabantu abangenzi nzuzo.

Ezinye iinkcazo ezinxulumene noko

• Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza: Yiseti yamalungelo akhethekileyo aqinisekiswe ngurhulumente okanye ligunya kumqambi wemveliso entsha (ebonakalayo okanye engaphathekiyo) ekwaziyo ukurhwaphilizwa kwimizi-mveliso ukuze kulungelwe umenzi-sicelo kangangexesha elilinganiselweyo.
• Ilungelo lokushicilela okanye ilungelo lokushicilela: Uhlobo lokhuselo olunikezelwa yimithetho esebenzayo kumazwe amaninzi kubabhali bemisebenzi yoqobo kubandakanya noncwadi, umdlalo weqonga, umculo, imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye neyengqondo, zombini zipapashiwe kwaye zilindile ukupapashwa.

Isoftware yasimahla kunye neLayisensi yoMthombo ovulekileyo

Isoftware yasimahla

El Iprogram ekhululekile Isoftware ehlonipha ifayile ye- inkululeko yomsebenzisi kunye noluntu. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi bane inkululeko yokusebenzisa, ukukopa, ukuhambisa, ukufunda, ukuguqula kunye nokuphucula isoftware.

Ngokwemigaqo Software Free kwaye ngakumbi malunga Iilayisensi ezivunyiweyo (eziqinisekisiweyo / ezivunyiweyo) elona gunya liphezulu koku Isiseko seSoftware yasimahla (FSF). Kwicandelo elinikezelwe Iimvume ezivunyiweyo nakwicandelo le Iimvume ezivunyiweyo o Uluhlu lweelayisensi (yeSoftware, amaXwebhu kunye neminye imisebenzi, iyahambelana okanye ayihambelani ne- Ilayisenisi Jikelele yoLuntu (GPL), kwaye ayikhululekanga) Umbutho we-GNU zikhankanyiwe phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, ezo zichazwe ngezantsi:

Iindidi

• Ilayisensi kawonke-wonke ye-GNU: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-GPL-GNU, kwaye isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezininzi ze-GNU kunye nesiqingatha seephakheji zeSoftware yasimahla. Eyokugqibela yinguqulelo yenombolo 3, nangona inguqulelo yesi-2 yangaphambili isasetyenziswa.
• Ilayisensi kawonke-wonke kaRhulumente yeGNU: Ngokwesiqhelo ibizwa ngokuba yi-LGPL-GNU, kwaye isetyenziselwa ezinye (ayizizo zonke) iilayibrari ze-GNU. Eyokugqibela yinguqulelo yesi-3, nangona ingxelo yangaphambili ye-2.1 yayo isasetyenziswa.
• Iphepha-mvume loLuntu ngokubanzi le-Affero: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-AGPL-GNU, isekwe kwi-GNU GPL, kodwa inegatya elongezelelweyo elvumela abasebenzisi ukuba banxibelelane nenkqubo enelayisensi kuthungelwano ukufumana ikhowudi yemvelaphi yenkqubo. Okona kutshanje yinguqulelo 3.
• Ilayisensi yamaXwebhu amaXwebhu asimahla: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-FDL-GNU okanye i-GFDL, luhlobo lweLayisensi yeCopyleft eyenzelwe iincwadana, iincwadi okanye amanye amaxwebhu. Injongo yoku kukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unenkululeko yokukhuphela nokusasaza umsebenzi, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokulungiswa, ukuthengisa okanye ukuthengisa. Eyona yakutshanje yinguqulelo yenombolo 1.3.

Vula Umnikezi

Isoftware Umthombo ovulekileyo ibhekisa kwisoftware kabani ikhowudi yemvelaphi ibekwe ku isimo sengqondo simahla Ukusuka kwihlabathi liphela kwaye unikwe iilayisensi ezilungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Yahluke ikakhulu kwi Software Free, kuba eyokugqibela ikhusela inkululeko yabasebenzisi kunye noluntu oluyidibanisayo, ngelixa Vula Umnikezi Ukuxabiseka ikakhulu izibonelelo eziluncedo kwaye hayi imigaqo-siseko yenkululeko ebonelelwa ngu Software Free.

Ngokwemigaqo Vula Umnikezi kwaye ngakumbi malunga Iilayisensi ezivunyiweyo (eziqinisekisiweyo / ezivunyiweyo) elona gunya liphezulu koku Iphulo lokuvula imithombo yolwazi (OSI). Kwicandelo elinikezelwe Iimvume ezivunyiweyo zikhankanyiwe phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, ezo zichazwe ngezantsi:

Iindidi

• I-Apache 2.0
• BSD - Igatya 3
• I-FreeBSD-Igatya 2
• GPL-GNU
• LGPL-GNU
• mit
• IMozilla 2.0
• Ukuphuhliswa kunye nelayisensi eqhelekileyo
• Inguqulelo ye-Eclipse 2.0

I-OSI nayo ine Uluhlu lweelayisensi zeOSI nazo zonke izinto ezivunyiweyo. Uninzi lwezi Ilayisenisi yoMthombo ovulekileyo ziyathandwa, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi okanye zinoluntu olomeleleyo kwaye ziyavunywa yi Isiseko seSoftware yasimahla (FSF).

Iindlela ezilungileyo

Kwinqaku lethu, sithathe umzekelo Iindlela ezilungileyo ikhulelwe kwaye yaxelwa ngu "Ikhowudi yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso" del Ibhanki yeNtsebenzo yaseMelika, kububanzi be Iphepha-mvume leSoftware, ekufuneka zithathwe xa kuphuhliswa iimveliso zesoftware (izixhobo zedijithali), ngakumbi simahla kwaye zivulekile.

Phakathi iinkqubo ezilungileyo ezinikezelwa ngabo, ngemimiselo yokuba Iphepha-mvume leSoftware zezi zichazwe ngezantsi:

a) Faka ilayisenisi yomthombo ovulekileyo

Ukucaphula ingcebiso yakho, yile:

"... MIT, enika inkululeko kwabanye abasebenzisi ukuba nje babonisa umyili wokuqala; iphepha-mvume I-Apache 2.0, ifana kakhulu neMIT kodwa ikwabonelela ngesibonelelo esichazayo samalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kubaxhasi ukuya kubasebenzisi; kwaye i Iilayisensi zeGNU GPL, efuna nabani na osasaza ikhowudi yakho okanye umsebenzi osuselweyo ukuba enze njalo ngelixa egcina umthombo kunye nemigaqo efanayo. Abarhafi banika isibonelelo esicacileyo samalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza".

b) Faka iphepha-mvume lokufumana amaxwebhu

Ukucaphula ingcebiso yakho, yile:

"Sincoma ukusetyenziswa kwamaphepha-mvume okudala aqhelekileyo okufumana iilayisensi zezixhobo zokusebenza. Inkqubo ye- CC0-1.0, CC-BY-4.0 kunye CC-BY-SA-4.0 umzekelo ziilayisensi ezivulekileyo ezisetyenziselwa izinto ezingezizo ezesoftware, ukusuka kwiiseti zedatha ukuya kwiividiyo. Qaphela oko I-CC-BY-4.0 kunye ne-CC-BY-SA-4.0 akufuneki zisetyenziselwe isoftware. Izixhobo eziphuhliswe yi-IDB okwangoku, sicebisa ukuba sisebenzise I-Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative (CC-IGO 3.0 NGU-NC-ND)".

Okokugqibela, ukuba ufuna ukufunda yethu 2 amanqaku adlulileyo Ngomxholo sikushiya amakhonkco angezantsi: "Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuphuhlisa isoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo: Amaxwebhu" y "Umgangatho wobugcisa: Iindlela ezilungileyo kuphuhliso lweSoftware yasimahla".

Isiphelo

Siyathemba ukuba yi "Uncedo oluncinci" malunga «Buenas prácticas» kumhlaba we «Licencias» ukusebenzisa kuye «Software libre y abierto» iphuhlisiwe, inomdla omkhulu kwaye iluncedo, iyonke «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kunye negalelo elikhulu ekusasazekeni kwendalo emangalisayo, enkulu kunye nokukhula kwezicelo kunye «GNU/Linux».

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, sukuhlala ungathandabuzi ukutyelela nayiphi na Ilayibrari ekwi-Intanethi njengaye VulaLibra y IJedIT ukufunda Iincwadi (iiPDF) kwesi sihloko okanye abanye iinkalo zolwazi. Okwangoku, ukuba uyithandile le «publicación», Sukuyeka ukwabelana ngayo nabanye, kwi Iiwebhusayithi ozithandayo, amajelo, amaqela, okanye uluntu zonxibelelwano zentlalo, ngokukhethekileyo zisimahla kwaye zivulekile njenge IMododon, okanye ukhuselekile kwaye uyimfihlo ngathi yocingo.

Okanye tyelela nje iphepha lasekhaya apha DesdeLinux okanye ujoyine iShaneli esemthethweni ITelegram ye DesdeLinux ukufunda nokuvota oku okanye ezinye iimpapasho ezinomdla «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» kunye nezinye izihloko ezinxulumene «Informática y la Computación»kunye «Actualidad tecnológica».