I-Arch Linux + yelog yokufaka ye-KDE: Ukufakwa kwinyathelo nenyathelo

En inqaku lam elidlulileyo Ndikuxelele kancinci malunga notshintsho iArch Linux enalo ngokubhekisele kwinto endiqhele ukuyenza eDebian, esiza kuyibona apha ngezantsi kuba into ekufuneka siyenzile kukubabonisa indlela yokufaka iArch ngaphandle kokufa kumzamo.

Ndicinga ukuba kulungile kakhulu ukucacisa ukuba ukuba ndifikile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kungenxa yokuba isikhokelo esihle kakhulu que UGregorio Espadas Ubhale kwibhlog yakhe kwaye ndithatha phi umxholo wakhe wenqaku. Lonke ityala liya kuye.

Iingcebiso ngaphambi kofakelo

Ukufaka iArch, into yokuqala endikucebisayo ukuyizama kumatshini obonakalayo, ngale ndlela xa siqinisekile ngento esiza kuyenza, singaqhubeka nokwenza amanyathelo afundwe kwikhompyuter yethu.

Into yesi-2 endinokuyincoma kukugcina zonke iifayile zethu ukuba kwenzeka into, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, yenza ufakelo olungenanto kwi-hard drive. Mhlawu ngephutha.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni incam yam yesithathu xa ufaka iArch kukuba nenye ikhompyuter enokufikelela kwi-Intanethi xa kuvela ingxaki okanye, ukusilela oko, uprinte isikhokelo sokufakwa esinokuyifumana kwiArch Linux Wiki.

Ukufakwa kweArch Linux inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ewe, ndicinga ukuba sele sinomfanekiso ohlaziyiweyo weso Arch Linux. Njenge-GEspadas, ndincoma ukusebenzisa ezihambelana nemihla: 2013.07.01, 2013.01.04, 2012.12.01, 2012.11.01, 2012.10.06, 2012.09.07, 2012.08.04, okanye ngaphezulu, kuba zisebenzisa indlela efanayo yofakelo esiza kuyichaza apha ngezantsi.

Unokuzikhuphelela umdibaniso wamva nje womfanekiso wesiso kule khonkco:

Khuphela iArch Linux ISO

Into yokuqala kukuhambisa umfanekiso wethu kwimemori ye-USB, okanye uwutshise kwi-CD-ROM «-Yinyani, kwinkulungwane yama-21? _¬

Nje ukuba imemori siyibeke kwizibuko le-USB, siyaqhubeka nokwazi ukuba ngubani igama layo, kuba singasebenzisa lo myalelo:

dmesg |tail

Yintoni eza kubuyisa into enje:

[14403.197153] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Bhala uKhuselo luvaliwe [14403.197157] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Imo yeSense: 23 00 00 00 [14403.197299] sd 7: 0: 0 : 0: [sdc] Akukho phepha lemo ye-Caching ekhoyo [14403.197303] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Ukuthatha i-cache yedrive: bhala nge [14403.198325] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Akukho Caching mode iphepha langoku [14403.198329] sd 7: 0: 0: [: sdc] Ukuthatha i-cache yedrive: bhala nge [0] sdc: [14403.198726] sd 14403.199372: 7: 0: 0: [sdc] Akukho phepha lemo ye Caching ekhoyo [0 ] sd 14403.199376: 7: 0: 0: [sdc] Ukuthatha i-cache yedrive: bhala nge [0] sd 14403.199379: 7: 0: 0: [sdc] Ifakwe kwi-SCSI disk ekhutshiweyo

Njengoko ubona, kule meko inkumbulo yam sdc. Ukwazi oku, sinokuqhubeka nokugqithisela umfanekiso .iso kwimemori, ekufuneka ungoyiswanga:

$ dd if=archlinux-2013.07.01-dual.iso of=/dev/sdc

Oku kuthatha ixesha, kodwa xa kugqityiwe ukuqala kabusha ikhompyuter yethu kwaye siqiniseke ukuba ibhuqa kwisixhobo se-USB.

Nje ukuba iibhutsi zePC sizakufumana esi sikrini, kwaye kwimeko yam, ndikhetha ukhetho lokuqala (i-64 bits).

1. Ukuqwalasela ikhibhodi.

Xa silayisha ukukhawuleza siza kubona into enje:

Into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukukhetha ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo esiyisebenzisayo. Kwimeko yam:

# loadkeys us

Ewe, ndithetha iSpanish kodwa ikhibhodi yam ibhalwe ngesiNgesi .. ke ndiyasisebenzisa, kodwa ukuba ikhibhodi yakho ibhalwe ngeSpanish, iya kuba yile:

# loadkeys es

Sibona zonke iindlela ezikhoyo zekhibhodi ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

# ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty

2. Ukwahlula idiski

Ngoku kuza elona candelo libalulekileyo lofakelo. Ukwahlula idiski sisebenzisa isixhobo esintsonkothileyo ukusiphatha, esibizwa ngokuba yi-cfdisk. Ke siyachwetheza:

# cfdisk

Kwaye into enje iyavela ukuba sinehard drive ngaphandle kokwahlulahlula:

Nge-cfdisk into esiya kuyenza kukumisela itheyibhile yethu yokwahlulahlula. Ngokubanzi, into eqhelekileyo kwiArch Linux kukumisela izahlulo ezi-4, njengoko i-GEspadas ichaza:

• Eyokuqala, / ibhodi, kulapho iifayile ezibalulekileyo zokuqalisa iArchLinux (ezinje ngekernel, imifanekiso ye-ramdisk, i-bootloader, njl.njl. Kucetyiswa ubungakanani be-100 MiB (akukho sidingo sokuyinika indawo eninzi).
• Eyesibini izahlulelo / (ingcambu), apho inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kuya kufakwa (phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi). Ubungakanani bayo buxhomekeke kwindlela ofuna ukuyisebenzisa ngayo iArchLinux. Malunga ne-10 GiB kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yesiqhelo; Ukuba ucinga ukuba uza kufaka usetyenziso (imidlalo, phakathi kwabo), kungcono ucinge malunga ne-20 okanye i-30 GiB.
• Owesithathu ulwahlulo / ikhaya, apho useto lwethu lobuqu, useto lwesicelo (kunye neeprofayili zakho kuzo), kwaye ngokwesiko idatha yethu (amaxwebhu, iifoto, iividiyo, njl.njl.) Iya kugcinwa, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kunikezelwe indawo ebonakalayo yediski.
• Okokugqibela, chukumisa ukhethe ubungakanani besahlulelo tshintshanisa, indawo apho ulwazi lugcinwa okwethutyana kwimemori ye-RAM (xa igcwele) kwidiski enzima. Luluphi ubungakanani obulikhethileyo lokutshintsha?

Ngoku, ukuba sinediski engabelweyo, kufuneka senze izahlulelo ngokuzibeka kwindawo yasimahla (indawo yasimahla). Into esiyenzayo kukunika faka malunga  New kwaye ayifumani into enje:

Sinika ukungena kwaye kufuneka sibeke ubungakanani esifuna ukubusebenzisa. Kule meko, ulwahlulo lokuqala njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla yi- / boot kwaye ayifuni ngaphezulu kwe-100 MB yendawo, ukuze sibeke into enje:

Kwaye okokugqibela, lwakuba lwenziwe olu hlulo, kufuneka silusebenzise njengeBootable.

Zonke ezinye izahlulelo inkqubo iyafana, ngaphandle kwaxa sifika kwisahlulelo sokutshintsha, kuba xa sele sidaliwe, siya kuyo kwaye sinika uhlobo lohlobo kwaye sifumana into enje:

Kwaye kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba sinokukhetha 82 okukhethiweyo.

3. Ukufomatha izahlulelo ezenziwe

Ngoku kufuneka sifomathile izahlulelo esiziqwalaselayo nge-cfdisk. Andicingi ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba ndiphinde nditsho ukuba oku kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi koxanduva lwakho olupheleleyo nolugqibeleleyo.

Ngale nto sisebenzisa i-mkfs ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

# mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sda1

Esi sahlulelo sifomathiwe kwi-Ext2 engenayo i-Journaling kwaye ke isihlangu siyakhawuleza kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ngoku sifomata izahlulelo ezihambelana / kunye / nekhaya, zombini kwi-ext4. Ndicinga ukuba silishiyile isahlulelo sokutshintsha njenge-sda4.

# mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda2 # mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3

Ngoku siqhubeka nokufomatha ukutshintsha ngomyalelo we-mkswap kwaye emva koko sisebenzise nge-swapon:

# mkswap / dev / sda4 # swapon / dev / sda4

4. Ukubeka isahlulelo kwi-hard drive

Siza kunyusa izahlulelo esizenzileyo kunye nefomathi kwi / mnt. Siqala ngokwahlulahlula / kwaye kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ayisiyi-sda1, kodwa sda2. Yilumkele loo nto.

# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

Nje ukuba esi sahlulelo siphakanyisiwe, kuya kufuneka senze i / boot kunye / neerejista zasekhaya kuyo.

# mkdir / mnt / boot # mkdir / mnt / ekhaya

Kwaye siqhubeka nokubeka izahlulo ezihambelanayo:

# mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / boot # ukukhwela / dev / sda3 / mnt / ekhaya

5. Ngaba siqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi?

Ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwinyathelo elilandelayo kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba sinonxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi.
Andiqondi. Kutheni le nto iipakethe "zesiseko" zingafakwanga kwi-CD-ROM uqobo njengakwiinguqulelo ezidlulileyo? Ukuba kukho umntu owaziyo, ndixelele.

Ewe, sibeka nayiphi na i-IP okanye idilesi esaziyo ukuba iya kubuyisa impendulo, umzekelo:

# ping www.google.com

Kwaye ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle, siya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Ukuba ayenzi (into engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuba usebenzisa iso 2012.07.15), kuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba ngubani igama lekhadi lethu, ke senza:

# ip link

Yintoni eza kubuyisa into enje:

1: yintoni: umntu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link / loopback 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 brd 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 2: 5 enp0s1500: umntu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 18 link / ether 03: 73: 3: a3: f1: e3 brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff 9: wlp0s1500: umntu 1000 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 4 link / ether 80c: 93: 19: 02: da: XNUMX brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff

Kwimeko yam, ikhadi endiza kulisebenzisa linentambo, eyiyo zint5. Sisebenza inethiwekhi ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

# ip link set enp5s0 up

kwaye yabelwe i-IP eguqukayo nge-DHCP:

# dhclient enp5s0

Kwimeko apho uza kudibanisa ngeWiFi, nceda ufunde esi sixhobo.

6. Ukufaka iNkqubo yesiSeko

Ewe sine-Intanethi kwaye ngoku into ekufuneka siyenzile kukuqhuba:

# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

Iifayile Iskripthi esitsha sokufaka iArch Linux. Xa siyiqhuba, iya kuqala ukukhuphela kunye nokufaka iipakeji eziyimfuneko zeArch ukuze isebenze.

Masithathe elinye ikhefu apha. Ukuba njengam, banendawo yokugcina kwiseva yendawo, kufuneka sihlele ifayile /etc/pacman.d/ uluhlu lweziphene kwaye ungeze indlela repo yethu. Umzekelo, kwimeko yam ndongeze kuphela phambi kwesipili esimiselweyo:

Server = http://192.168.26.1/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

Kwaye ukulungele.

Ukuba sinonxibelelwano olunentambo, sifaka:

# pacstrap /mnt ifplugd

Ukuba unxibelelwano lwethu yi-wifi:

# pacstrap /mnt wireless_tools wpa_supplicant wpa_actiond dialog

Okokugqibela sifaka isudo

# pacstrap /mnt sudo

7. Ukufaka iGrub

Ngoku siqhubeka ukufaka uMphathi weBoot, kule meko iGrub2. Ukwenza oku:

# pacstrap /mnt grub-bios

Kuvumelekile ukucacisa ukuba njengoko igama libonisa, le phakheji yenzelwe abo basebenzisa i-BIOS. Ukuba unayo i-UEFI, nceda ufunde amaxwebhu asemthethweni ngayo kwaye ukuba unomdla wokuyisebenzisa syslinuxkuhle I-GSpades isishiyela isikhokelo esihle sayo.

8. Ukuvelisa ifayile yefstab

Ngoku siza kuxelela i-fstab ukuba sizimisele njani izahlulelo zethu ...

# genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

9. Ukumisela yonke inkqubo

Ukuqwalasela yonke into yenkqubo, kufuneka siyenze nge-chroot. Ngenxa yoku sibeka:

# arch-chroot /mnt

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuseka oko kuya kuba negama lekhompyutha yethu. Eyam ibizwa ngokuba yiVostro ngoko ke ndibaleka nje:

# echo vostro >> /etc/hostname

Ngoku, senza ikhonkco lokomfuziselo ukusuka / njl / ixesha lendawo ukuya / usr / share / zoneinfo // (ithathe indawo kwaye isekwe kwindawo okuyo). Umzekelo, eCuba:

# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Havana /etc/localtime

Emva kwexesha kufuneka siqwalasele ifayile ehambelana nendawo, ebekwe kwi /etc/locale.gen.

Sivula ngomhleli wokubhaliweyo (nano kule meko) kwaye sikhuphe indawo esiza kuyisebenzisa. Kubonakala ngathi:

#es_EC ISO-8859-1 en_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8 #es_ES ISO-8859-1

Emva koko senza:

# echo LANG="es_ES.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf

Kwaye okokugqibela, ukuze yonke le nto iqale ukusebenza (kwaye ndiyitsho le kumava am), kuya kufuneka usebenzise lo myalelo:

# locale-gen

Ukuvelisa indawo yethu njengoko kucacile.

Ngoku kufuneka sisete ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo emiyo. Into esiyenzileyo kwinqanaba lokuqala ibisetiwe nje kwiseshoni yangoku.

# echo KEYMAP=us >> /etc/vconsole.conf

Sishiyeke nantoni? Ncnci kakhulu. Kwinyathelo elingasentla sifake i-GRUB kodwa asiyilungisanga. Kwaye yile nto siza kuyenza ngoku:

# grub-install /dev/sda

Kwaye senza igrub.cfg ifayile ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Umhlobo wethu u-GEspadas emva kokuphinda inkqubo yokufaka kaninzi, uqaphele ibug ecaphukisayo kwi-GRUB (hayi i-ArchLinux bug), ebonisa iqhezu lesibini umyalezo wemposiso xa uqala inkqubo:

Wamkelekile kwiGrub! Impazamo: ifayile '/boot/grub/locale/en.mo.gz' ayifunyanwa

Ngapha koko, isisombululo esiphakamiswa yi-GEspadas kukwenza:

# cp /boot/grub/locale/en@quot.mo /boot/grub/locale/en_US.mo

Ngoku siqhubeka nokwenza idiski yokuqala ye-RAM:

# mkinitcpio -p linux

Kwaye phantse sigqibile ... kufuneka senze into ebaluleke kakhulu: Guqula, okanye mandithi, usete iphasiwedi yengcambu. Ke siyabaleka:

# passwd

Ukuphuma kwi-chroot, asizinciphisi izahlulelo kwaye siqale ngokutsha:

# phuma # umount / mnt / {boot, home,} # reboot

Ukudala umsebenzisi wethu

Ukongeza umsebenzisi wam, ndisebenzise lo myalelo ulandelayo:

# useradd -m -G audio,lp,optical,storage,video,wheel,games,power,scanner -s /bin/bash elav

Amaqela ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

odiyo -Imisebenzi ebandakanya ikhadi lesandi kunye nokusetyenziswa okunxulumene noko.
lp - Ulawulo lomshicileli.
ngamehlo Ukuphathwa kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo (iCD, iDVD, njl.njl.).
zokugcina Ukuphathwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina.
yokuzonwabisa -Imisebenzi ebandakanya ikhadi levidiyo kunye nokukhawulezisa izixhobo.
ivili - Ibaluleke kakhulu! Ukuze umsebenzisi asebenzise iSudo.
imidlalo Iyafuneka kwiimvume zokubhala zemidlalo.
amandla -Kuyimfuneko ukukwazi ukuvala kwaye uqalise inkqubo kwakhona.
isikeni - Ulawulo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedijithali (izikena).

Singena kwifayile / njlnjl.

# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

11. Ukwenza umphathi weNethiwekhi

Andazi ngawe kodwa ndisebenzisa iNethiwekhiManager ukulawula unxibelelwano lwam kunye nokunxibelelana.

Okokuqala, simisa i-daemon yenethiwekhi:

# systemctl stop net-auto-wireless.service

Emva koko, sicima iidemem zenethiwekhi ezisebenzayo.

# systemctl disable net-auto-wireless.service

Okokugqibela, siyeke amakhadi ethu enethiwekhi. Ukuba asizazi ukuba ziyintoni, kufuneka sichwetheze nje:

# ip link

Kwimeko yam iya kuba:

# ip ikhonkco isete enp5s0 phantsi # ip ikhonkco isete i-wlp9s0 ezantsi

Sisebenzisa iNethiwekhiManager ukuze iqale xa kuqalwa ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

# systemctl enable NetworkManager

Ungaqala i-daemon yeNanaManager kwangoko ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

# systemctl start NetworkManager

Kwimeko yam endisebenzisa yona i-KDE, kuya kufuneka ndifake kuphela i-kdeplasma-applets-networkmanagement package xa ​​sele ndiyifakile imeko yeDesktop, kodwa siza kuyibona kwinqaku elilandelayo.

1. Sebenzisa inethiwekhi ngaphandle kweNethiwekhiManager

Ukuba sidibanisa yi-DHCP kwaye akufuneki silawule inethiwekhi ngesandla, kufuneka siphumeze:

# systemctl vumela dhcpcd@enp5s0.service # systemctl qala dhcpcd@enp5s0.service

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka babuyisele i-enp5s0 ngegama lomnatha wonxibelelwano.

Yiyo ke loo nto .. Sele sifakelwe iArch Linux, ilungiselelwe kwaye iyasebenza. Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kubona indlela yokufaka i-KDE ngaphandle kokufa kumzamo 😛