Iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eSan Diego iphuhlise indlela yokuchonga izixhobo eziphathwayo ngemiqondiso kunyeithunyelwe emoyeni ngeBluetooth Low Energy (IPHUPHA) kwaye isetyenziswa ngabamkeli beBluetooth abangasetyenziswayo ukubona xa izixhobo ezitsha zikuluhlu.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekuphunyezweni, izibonakaliso ze-beacon zithunyelwa ngesantya esimalunga namaxesha angama-500 ngomzuzu kwaye, njengoko kujoliswe ngabadali bomgangatho, azicaciswanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye azinakusetyenziswa ukudibanisa umsebenzisi.
"Oku kubalulekile kuba kwihlabathi lanamhlanje iBluetooth ibeka isoyikiso esibaluleke ngakumbi njengoko iluphawu oluhlala rhoqo kwaye olungagungqiyo oluphuma kuzo zonke izixhobo zethu eziphathwayo," utshilo uNishant Bhaskar, Ph.D. umfundi kwi-UC San Diego kwiSebe leNzululwazi yeKhompyutha kunye nobuNjineli kunye nomnye wababhali abaphambili bephepha.
Enyanisweni, imeko yajika yaba yinto eyahlukileyo, kwaye xa ithunyelwa, umqondiso uphazamiseka phantsi kweempembelelo zeempawu ezivela ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-chip nganye. Ezi ziphazamiso, ezizodwa kwaye zihlala zihlala kwisixhobo ngasinye, zinokubonwa kusetyenziswa ii-transceivers ezicwangcisiweyo eziqhelekileyo (SDR, Software Defined Radio).
Ingxaki izibonakalisa kwiichips ze-combo ezidibanisa i-Wi-Fi kunye nokusebenza kweBluetooth, basebenzisa i-oscillator ye-master oscillator kunye neenxalenye ezininzi ze-analog ezisebenza ngokufanayo, eziguquguqukayo kwimveliso zikhokelela kwi-asymmetry kwisigaba kunye ne-amplitude. Ixabiso lilonke leqela logwayimbo liqikelelwa malunga nama-200 eerandi. Iisampulu zekhowudi zokukhupha iilebhile ezikhethekileyo kwisignali ebanjiweyo ziposwe kwiGitHub.
"Ixesha elifutshane linika umnwe ongachanekanga, okwenza iindlela zangaphambili zingabi namsebenzi ekulandeleni iBluetooth," watsho uHadi Givehchian, naye Ph.D. kwisayensi yekhompyuter evela e-UC San Diego. umfundi kunye nombhali oyintloko wenqaku.
Ngokwesiqhelo, uphawu oluchongiweyo ivumela isixhobo ukuba sichongwe, kungakhathaliseki ukusetyenziswa kwezo ndlela zokhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuchongwa, njengedilesi ye-MAC ngokungahleliwe. Kwi-iPhone, uluhlu lolwamkelo lwethegi, olwanele ukuchongwa, lwaluziimitha ezisi-7, kunye ne-COVID-19 yokulandela umkhondo we-app esebenzayo. Kwizixhobo ze-Android, ukusondela okukhulu kuyafuneka ukuze kuchongwe.
Kwenziwa imifuniselo emininzi ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wendlela yokusebenza kwiindawo zoluntu ezifana neevenkile zekofu.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqala, Izixhobo ezili-162 zahlalutywa, apho i-40% yakwazi ukuvelisa izichongi ezizodwa. Kuvavanyo lwesibini, izixhobo eziphathwayo ezingama-647 zaphononongwa kwaye izichongi ezizodwa zenzelwe i-47% yazo. Ukuqukumbela, ithuba lokusebenzisa izichazi eziveliswe ukulandelela ukuhamba kwezixhobo zamavolontiya avumile ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lwaboniswa.
Abaphandi baphinda baphonononge ukuba indlela abayiphuhlisileyo inokusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo zezixhobo.
Zonke iindlela zonxibelelwano namhlanje zingenazingcingo kwaye zisengozini, "utshilo uDinesh Bharadia, unjingalwazi kwi-UC San Diego yeSebe lezobuNjineli boMbane kunye neKhompyutha kunye nomnye wababhali abahamba phambili bephepha. "Sisebenzela ukwakha i-hardware-level yokukhusela ekuhlaselweni okunokwenzeka."
Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba ukuvala iBluetooth akuthinteli zonke iifowuni ekukhupheni iibhikhoni zeBluetooth.
Umzekelo, iibhikhoni zisakhutshwa xa cima iBluetooth kwiZiko loLawulo kwiSikrini saseKhaya sezinye izixhobo ze-Apple. "Ngokokwazi kwethu, ekuphela kwento eyeka ngokuqinisekileyo iibhakhoni zeBluetooth kukucima ifowuni yakho"
Abaphandi baye baqaphela iingxaki ezininzi ezenza kube nzima ukuchongwa. Ngokomzekelo, iiparamitha zesignali yebhakhoni zichatshazelwa lutshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye umgama wokufumana ithegi uchatshazelwa lutshintsho kumandla esignali yeBluetooth esetyenzisiweyo kwezinye izixhobo.
Ukubhloka indlela yesazisi kulo mbuzo, kucetywa ukuhluza isignali kwinqanaba le-firmware ukuya kwi-chip yeBluetooth okanye usebenzise iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela izixhobo. Ukukhubaza iBluetooth akusoloko kwanele, njengoko ezinye izixhobo (ezifana nee-smartphones ze-Apple) ziqhubeka nokuthumela imiqondiso nokuba iBluetooth icinyiwe, ifuna ukuba isixhobo sicinywe ngokupheleleyo ukuvala ukuthumela.
Gqibela Ukuba unomdla wokwazi okungakumbi ngayo, ungajonga iinkcukacha kwi ukulandela ikhonkco.