Ivelaphi iUNIX?

Imibuliso kubo bonke 🙂 kwezi veki bendonwabile xa ndifunda ezinye iincwadi ezikwinkqubo, inyani kukuba eyona ndlela yokufunda inkqubo isoloko inencwadi, naliphi na inqaku, isifundo, isikhokelo umntu anokufumana (kubandakanya eyam) zilula xa uthelekisa incwadi yokwenyani ngesihloko. Ngoku, kufuneka sichaze ukuba yeyiphi incwadi "yokwenyani", kuba ayizizo zonke iincwadi ezihlala zilungile, kwaye uninzi lwazo lunokude lubize ngaphezulu kunokuba kufanelekile kwaye zichithe ixesha.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka uluhlu lweencwadi endizifundileyo kunye noluhlu lweencwadi endinokucebisa ukuba ziphambukile kancinci, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo phakathi kwezinye zeentando zam esinazo (kungekho myalelo uthile):

  • I-CEH eQinisekisiweyo ye-Ethical Hacker nguMat Walker
  • Ukuqala kwePython: Ukusuka kwi-Novice ukuya kwiNgcali nguMagnus Lie Hetland.
  • Ukuqhekeza: ubugcisa bokuxhaphaza nguJon Erickson.
  • Ukuqala ngeArduino nguMassimo Banzi.
  • Ukufunda i-bash Shell nguCameron Newbam kunye noBill Rosenblatt.
  • Ukufunda abahleli be-vi kunye ne-vim ngu-Arnold Robbins, uElbert Hannah kunye noLinda Lamb.
  • I-Linux Kernel ngamafutshane ngoGreg Kroah-Hartman (umphuhlisi weGentoo naye).
  • C yanamhlanje nguJens Gustedt
  • Incwadi yesandla sikaShellcoder nguChris Anley, John Heasman, Felix «FX» Linder & Gerardo Richarte.
  • C ulwimi lwenkqubo nguBrian W. Kernighan kunye noDennis M. Ritchie (Abenzi beC)
  • Ukulungisa ingxaki kwi-GDB nguRichard Stallman, uRoland Pesch, uStan Shebs, et al.
  • Ukuqhekeza iLinux kuvezwe: Iimfihlo zoKhuseleko lweLinux kunye nezisombululo ezivela kwiqela elikhulu labaphandi be-ISECOM, kubandakanya uPete Herzog, Marga Barceló, Rick Tucker, Andrea Barisani (omnye umphuhlisi wangaphambili weGentoo), Thomas Bader, Simon Biles, Colby Clark, Raoul Chiesa , Pablo Endres, Richard Feist, Andrea Ghirardini, Julian "HammerJammer" Ho, Marco Ivaldi, Dru Lavigne, Stephane Lo Presti, Christopher Low, Ty Miller, Armand Puccetti & et al.
  • Iinkqubo eziSebenzayo: Indlela esekwe kuConcept nguDhananjay M. Dhamdhere
  • Pro Git nguScott Chacon kunye noBen Straub
  • Ingcali C Inkqubo: Iimfihlo ezinzulu nguPeter Van Der Linden.

Ndingathetha kakhulu ngazo zonke ezi ncwadi, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sizakuthatha ezinye zeendinyana ezivela kwelokugqibela kuluhlu, kuba uninzi lwezi anectode lindithabathe kwaye lindincedile ukuba ndiqonde ezinye zeemfihlelo ezinzima zeC kunye neenkqubo ngokubanzi. 🙂

Unix kunye noC

Xa sithetha nge-UNIX, imbali iyadibana nemvelaphi yale nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lolwimi kude kube namhlanje yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuphuhliso lwayo nakwiziphumo zayo (kubandakanya iLinux). Kwaye ngokumangalisayo, aba babini bazalwa "ngempazamo."

Iindlela ezininzi Yayiyiprojekthi enkulu edibanisa iiLebhu zeBell, uMbane Jikelele kunye neMIT ngokwayo ukwenza inkqubo yokusebenza, inkqubo ithe yabonisa iimpazamo ezininzi, kwaye phakathi kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ukusilela kokusebenza okwenze ukuba le nkqubo isebenziseke. Sithetha ngonyaka we-1969, ke izixhobo zelo xesha zazingakwazi ukuxhasa inani lesoftware eyayifuneka ukuqhuba inkqubo ngokwayo.

Kwakungekho ngo-1970 ukuba iinjineli ezimbalwa zeBell zaqala ukusebenza kwinkqubo elula, ekhawulezayo, kwaye engasindi ye-PDP-7. Yonke le nkqubo ibibhalwe ngaphakathi Umhlanganisi kwaye wayebiziwe UNIX njengeparody Iindlela ezininzi kuba wayefuna ukwenza izinto ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa ukuzenza kakuhle endaweni yomsebenzi omkhulu ochithiweyo owathetha owesibini. Ngoku uyasiqonda isizathu Epoch iqala ngoJanuwari 1, 1970. Fact Inomdla onomdla kum. Ngelo xesha kwakungekho ncoko nge-C ngokwayo, kodwa nge Entsha B okoko izimvo zikaRitchie zazivela kulwimi olwalusetyenzisiwe lwelo xesha.

Kwangoko uC

Ukutyhubela iminyaka (1972-3) igama C laqala ukusetyenziswa njengoko ulwimi olutsha lwaqala ukubonakala, kwaye ngeli xesha kwazalwa enye inyani enomdla, uninzi lwabadwelisi benkqubo kunye neziqhulo zenkqubo bathi:

Iinkqubo ziyazi ukuba uqala ukubala ukusuka ku-0 endaweni yoku-1.

Ewe ayisiyonyani ngokupheleleyo esona sizathu sokuba le nto ithathelwe ingqalelo ngale ndlela ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla kungenxa yokuba ekudalweni kwayo, kubabhali beekhomputha kwakulula ukubala uluhlu usebenzisa iziphoso, Ezi zibonisa umgama okhoyo ukusuka kwindawo yemvelaphi ukuya kwinjongo oyifunayo, yiyo loo nto:

array[8]=2;

Isixelela ukuba into leyo uluhlu luchazwa njenge-2, kuba iiyunithi ezisi-8 zongezwa kuludwe ukufikelela kwindawo yememori apho kuya kugcinwa indawo yesi-2 Ngaphambi ko-C, iilwimi ezininzi ziqale ukubala ukusuka ku-1, enkosi ku-C, ngoku phantse zonke ziqala ngo-0. 🙂 ke ayilotyala labadwelisi benkqubo, kodwa ngababhali beekhomputha ukuba kunjalo.

Igobolondo iBourne

Esi sisihloko esithi, nangona singanxibelelananga ngqo neC, sinokunceda ngaphezu kwesinye ukuba siqonde ukuba kutheni inkqubo ye-Shell ikhethekile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo inomdla wokwazi. USteve Bourne ubhale ingqokelela yeAlgol-68 ngelo xesha, lulwimi apho izitshixo ( {} ) endaweni yamagama, ukuze sichaze ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ku-C:

#define IF if(

#define THEN ){

#define ELSE }else{

#define FI };

Le yimizekelo nje yoko iAlgol ikuqondayo, kodwa ukuba siyisebenzisa kwinkqubo yeqokobhe namhlanje, uyakuqonda ukuba kutheni kwiinkqubo zeqokobhe lakho kufuna fi nganye nganye if Interesting ngokuqinisekileyo inomdla.

Qalisa ukufunda

Andikwazi ukukuxelela zonke iinkcukacha zencwadi, ngakumbi kuba uninzi lwezi zinto sele zizihloko zenkqubo ezifuna imvelaphi yangaphambili ukuba iqondwe, kodwa bendicinga ukuba ndiza kwabelana nawe ngezinye zeengxelo ezinomdla endizifumene endleleni 🙂 andinawo Ixesha lokusebenza kwezinye zezinto ebezikuluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kuba ezi ncwadi zimbalwa zidlulileyo zindibambile kwaye ndiyazonwabela yonke imihla kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ndizama ukuziqonda ngokupheleleyo. Imibuliso kwaye kungekudala ndiza kuba nakho ukwabelana nawe ngezihloko ezininzi, ukubingelela.


Izimvo ezi-13, shiya ezakho

Shiya uluvo lwakho

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  1.   juan sitsho

    Inqaku lakho libe nomdla kakhulu kum. Ndiyabulela kakhulu.

  2.   HO2Gi sitsho

    Inomdla kakhulu njengesiqhelo.

  3.   UJose Rafael sitsho

    Inomdla kakhulu ukucaciswa kulungile.

  4.   alex sitsho

    Excelente

  5.   UDanielga sitsho

    Inomdla !!! Ndiyabulela kakhulu.

  6.   sibini sitsho

    iimultrics? ayizukuba yimultics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics)

    Iilwimi ezinezalathiso ezisuka ku-1 ziyilwe ngusathana ...

    1.    IChrisADR sitsho

      Inqaku elinomdla 🙂 Ndicinga ukuba ngaxa lithile kwimbali omabini la magama asetyenzisiwe:

      https://www.landley.net/history/mirror/collate/unix.htm

      kwaye ngokucacileyo ikwayincwadi efanayo ebhalwe phakathi kwiminyaka yama-90.

      Enkosi ngengcaciso 🙂 imibuliso

      1.    sibini sitsho

        wa, yeyiphi into engaqhelekanga, undenze ndathandabuza, ndiye ndajonga ikopi "ethengiweyo" yeNgcali C Programming: Iimfihlo ezinzulu kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi ezizayo, lixesha lokuqala ukuva ezo zinto zininzi. Inomdla kangakanani, ikhumbuza umvundla omncinci

        1.    IChrisADR sitsho

          hahaha ngokuqinisekileyo ndinomdla, ndakhangela ikopi yam yesiNgesi yeemfihlelo ezinzulu, apho ikwatsho iMultriki (kuba nawe undenze ndathandabuza) ... mhlawumbi yayiyimbonakalo yexesha 😛

          Phendula nge quote

  7.   ED774 sitsho

    Igalelo elikhulu

  8.   engaziwa sitsho

    Okubangela umdla, nangona kunjalo, iiMultriki kungenxa yempazamo, kuba igama lokuqala lale nkqubo yokusebenza yayiyiMultics, kunye neUnix, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Unics, ibhekisa ngqo kule nkqubo inkulu yokusebenza, ekugqibeleni kunye nefonetiki, i-Unics se uguqulwe waba yi-Unix, ngoku, kwafuneka ukhankanye igama lokuba ngubani othathwa njengombhali we-Unix; UKen Thompson, ilivo lithi bobabini, uThompson noRitchie, babekwindawo yokutyela yeelebhu zaseBell bebeka izimvo kwiiprojekthi zabo kwaye yayikukuba uRitchie wacebisa uThomposon ukuba abhale inkqubo yakhe i-Unics ngo-C, ulwimi awayelubhalile ... , yimbali. 😉

    Ngendlela, ngaphambili zonke iinkqubo zazibhalwa ngemiyalelo yomatshini, ezenza ukuba zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizixhobo zekhompyutha, ukuveliswa kwe-C, ngaphandle kokwenza kube lula ukubhala iinkqubo, yayikukuba ulwimi lwaluzimele kwizixhobo zokusebenza iikhompyuter, ifilosofi yokuba kwiminyaka emininzi kamva iyakuthatha iJava, ngengqondo yokuba iinkqubo zazingaxhomekekanga kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ukongeza umatshini odumileyo weJava

    1.    IChrisADR sitsho

      Into embi malunga neentsomi kukuba ziyayigqwetha imbali, ngeendlela ezininzi kunenye ... kwaye zinokukwenza ucinge ukuba into eyenzekayo xa ingeyiyo ... njengenyaniso yencoko esele ikhona phakathi kukaThompson noRitchie (endiyishiyileyo ngokuthanda) kuba ikhokelela kwiimpazamo zembali nezobuchwephesha (C yayingekabikho ngaphambi kweUNIX)

      Kwaye okwesibini ... elinye ilivo eligqwetha inyani, kuba ngaphambi ko-C bekukho i-B, A, ipascal, i-Ada, i-algol-60, i-PL / 1 kunye nezinye ezimbalwa ezazicwangcise kakuhle iilwimi (zahluke kakhulu kwiNdibano kunye neziyelelane zayo ngoyilo oluxhomekeke kwizixhobo zeprosesa) ke u-C akazange "avelise" ngale ndlela, wamkela nje izisombululo esele zikho kwezinye iilwimi kwaye ekugqibeleni yathandwa ngokukhawuleza nangcono kunale ... Inxalenye kuphela Inyani yile yokuba iJava ibisekwe kolu luvo lokuthwala ukuze kamva lenze umatshini wayo, kodwa ayikhange ixhomekeke kuphela ku-C koku, kodwa ilandele ezinye iimodeli, kungenjalo ngekhe sibe nepradigm ejolise kwinto eJava ...

      Ndivile ukuba kufuneka ndiyicacise le meko kuba nabani na ongazi kakuhle angayithatha njengeyinyani kwaye akholelwe ukuba yenzeke ngoluhlobo ...

  9.   UIgnacio Esquivel sitsho

    Njengesiqhelo, inqaku linomdla kakhulu, enkosi ngegalelo.