Izixhobo zasimahla vs. vula izixhobo zekhompyutha: mpikiswano

Kungcono okanye kubi, Umahluko ofanayo Ukwahlula amanzi phakathi kwabakhuseli bakaYehova "Isoftware yasimahla" kunye "nesoftware evulekileyo" baphinda bavelise kwakhona xa bexoxa ezinye iindlela "zekhompyutha”Kule posi, bendisebenzisa "njenge-trigger" inqaku likaBruce Perens elithetha ngokuthe ngqo la mahluko. Ekugqibeleni, ndibandakanya ezinye ukuqaphela kunye nokubonakalisa ukuba, ndiyaqikelela, ziya kukushiya ucinga.

Izixhobo zasimahla vs. vula izixhobo zekhompyutha

UBruce Perens (umseki-mbumba we-Open Source Initiative) ukhethe umahluko phakathi kwento ayibiza ngokuba zihardware yasimahla kunye nezixhobo ezivulekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bayithelekisile impikiswano umahluko phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nesoftware evulekileyo, kwaye banenkxalabo yokuba le mpikiswano inokuba nengxabano.

Umbuzo oshiyekileyo ngowokuba ingaba zombini ezi ngcamango ziyangqinelana okanye zinokuhlala ngokudibeneyo.

NgokukaBruce, i izixhobo zasimahla ngulo uzayo kunye nobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuzenzela umfanekiso, kunye vula izixhobo zekhompyutha Yeyona iza neenkcukacha ezipheleleyo ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukusebenzisana nayo ngaphandle kokumangaliswa okungathandekiyo kwaye ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngaphakathi.

Isoftware yasimahla ibhetele (ngokwembono yomsebenzisi), kodwa izixhobo ezivulekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo linyathelo eliya kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Isoftware yasimahla ixhomekeke kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezivulekileyo. Umzekelo, umntu unokuba nazo zonke iinkcukacha zesekethe elula edityanisiweyo, enje nge-timer engama-555, ngaphandle kokufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukwakha enye.

Kwimeko yesikrufu, umzekelo, kulula kwaye kuluncedo ngakumbi ukwazi ubuchwephesha bayo (intambo, ububanzi, ubude, uhlobo lwentloko, amandla eqine, ukumelana nokubola, njl.njl.), Kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukwazi ukwakheka. i-alloy echanekileyo esetyenzisiweyo ukuyidala, indlela enomsindo ngayo, njl. Ngale ndlela, zonke izinto ze-elektroniki ezilula ziya kuba zezixhobo zekhompyutha ezivulekileyo.

Kuthathwe ngokugqithileyo, ibango lesoftware yasimahla ekugqibeleni linokuthetha ukuba imiyalelo echanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha iyafuneka ukwenza, umzekelo, imoto, ukuqala kwiqela leeathom ... nto leyo ngokucacileyo engenangqondo.

Uhlalutyo kunye nembonakalo eyahlukeneyo

Umbono wokuqala endinawo xa ndifunda imigca ebhalwe nguBruce kukuba, ezantsi ezantsi, uzama ukwenza, kwakhona, umahluko phakathi kwentshukumo yakhe ashumayelayo (the OKANYE UKUBA) kunye noRichard Stallman's (the FSF).

Kwelinye icala, kukho abaxhasi "behardware yasimahla" abafuna ukwazi zonke iinkcukacha zekhompyuter, kude kube kwinqanaba lokugculelwa (ukwenziwa kweathom yemoto). Kwelinye icala, abalandeli be-OSI abalungileyo, abangafuniyo ukwazi ubuchwephesha obuyimfuneko ukuze bazi ukuba isebenza kanjani le fowuni, ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba ungakha njani, ukope okanye uvelise njani.

Ngapha koko, ukongeza kwinto yokuba lo mahluko uyintlekisa kwaye awuhambelani nengxoxo "ekhoyo", inyani kukuba ayisebenzi, kuba izixhobo zekhompyutha azinakukhutshelwa / zakhiwe ngokulula njengesoftware. Ngaloo ndlela, Kufanelekile ukuba sizibuze ukuba ngaba iikhonsepthi ezifanayo esizisebenzisayo kwisoftware zinokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zekhompyutha.

Ngokomgaqo, kuyacaca ukuba umntu angakha isoftware ngekhompyuter yekhompyuter kunye nobuncinci bolwazi lwenkqubo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ikhadi levidiyo okanye iprosesa. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngenxa yolwazi lobuchwephesha oluyimfuneko kodwa, ngakumbi, ngenxa yezixhobo ezifunekayo okanye iindlela zokusebenza (quasi) ezingenakho ukuziphindaphinda zodwa kukhuseleko lwasekhaya, njl.

Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ukukopa, ukuvelisa ngokutsha, okanye ukwakha iihardware kunzima kakhulu, umzabalazo wokuzama ukukwenza 'ngokukhululekileyo', njengakwisoftware, uyinto engenamsebenzi. Inkululeko yokukopa kunye nokuguqula isoftware lilungelo elibalulekileyo kuba kulula ukukopa- nawuphi na umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo unokuyenza-kwaye uyiguqule, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuba wabelane ngezo nguqulelo.

Ke? Yena Inkqubo evulekileyo yokucacisa izixhobo (OPSP) icebisa ukuba "izixhobo ezivulekileyo" zezinye ezinamaxwebhu ... anele ukuba umdwelisi wenkqubo abhale umqhubi wesixhobo. Olu xwebhu kufuneka lugubungele zonke iimpawu zesixhobo esibonakalayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, URichard Stallman (RSM) ithi, ngokungqongqo, izimvo zesoftware yasimahla zinokusetyenziswa kwimizobo, kumaxwebhu, njl. Iyafuneka kuyilo kunye nokubalulwa kwezinto, kodwa hayi izixhobo ngokwazo.

Nangona kunjalo, ithi ngaphandle kokuyilwa kwesixhobo simahla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano lwazo zisimahla. Ukuba akunjalo, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukubhala isoftware yasimahla enokusebenza kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Ngamanye amagama, into ephakanyiswa yi-RSM kukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba abaqhubi bayo basimahla, nawo onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ukwakha, ukuguqula kunye nokuphucula.

Ekugqibeleni, zombini ezi ndawo zibeka ngokufanayo: Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "izixhobo ezivulekileyo" okanye "izixhobo zasimahla", njengoko ukhetha njalo, sisikweko (ngenxa yobunzima bokukopa, ukulungisa okanye ukwakha izixhobo). Ndiyakholelwa ukuba nangona ilixesha ekusaxoxwa ngalo kakhulu kwaye lingenantsingiselo icacileyo, inyani kukuba oko kuthethwa kukuthetha nge "simahla / izixhobo ezivulekileyo" kukuba onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ukubhala umqhubi wesixhobo kufuneka simahla okanye, kwiimeko ezilungileyo, ukuba umlawuli yena. Isishwankathelo, isoftware yasimahla ayichazwanga yinkululeko yezixhobo ngokwazo kodwa ngamaxwebhu kunye nesoftware (abaqhubi) abahamba nayo nabavumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Kule migaqo, ngaphezu koko, Umahluko phakathi kwezixhobo zasimahla kunye nezixhobo zasimahla (ukuba into enjalo ikhona) ayicacanga ngakumbi. Kuyacaca ukuba izixhobo zasimahla ziya kufunyanwa ngokuhlawula ixabiso, kuba iindleko zokwenza, ezothutho, njl. ziphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nesoftware. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba eli xabiso liza kuba sezantsi kakhulu kunaleyo ekhoyo ngoku "yokuthengisa", kwaye iindleko zophuhliso lwezixhobo ziya kuncipha kakhulu. Ewe kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi nkampani zoncedo ezikhetha ukwenza ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza loyilo lwazo kwaye zixhamle kwimveliso yolawulo lwethutyana olunikezelwa lelo patent.

Umthombo: Umhlaba wekhompyuter & Linux Namhlanje