por. UJuan Guillermo López Castellanos (umxhasi weOS yabantu)
Enye yezinto eyandinyanzelwa yiyunivesithi ukuba ndibhale phantsi kuluhlu lwam “ilindile” yayizezombane. Ndifunde into malunga semiconductors y abalawuli abancinci ngexesha lam lokukhululeka e-UCI, kodwa ngaphandle kokusilela ukuqonda ukuba isifundo esikhulu kwaye simangalisa njengoko sinokufuna iiyure ezininzi zokufunda kunokufundisa kunye nemveliso kundivumele ngexesha lam njengomfundi.
Kule post ndifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga neligama (okanye isenzeko?) endiye ndadibana nalo xa ndinexesha lokungena nzulu kulo mbandela, kwaye ngokobume bayo sele inomdla kakhulu ngokwayo: I-Hardware yasimahla.
Ihardware yasimahla?
Ewe, njengoko usivayo. Kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaqhelekileyo ekuhlaleni ukuva malunga “software free", ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha ezininzi okanye ukuchaza uStallman
yisoftware ehlonipha inkululeko yomsebenzisi yokuyisebenzisa, ukuyifundisisa, ukuyiguqula kunye nokusasaza kwayo. Ewe, ingqikelelo yehardware yasimahla ithatha eyona nto iphambili, kodwa isetyenziswa kwi-elektroniki.
Oku kunokubonakala kuphambene okanye kungenangqondo ekuqaleni, ngakumbi kumntu osebenza kwimeko yethu, apho umzekelo iselfowuni, i-DVD player okanye i-hard drive breaks, kunye nesisombululo esiqhelekileyo (ukulawula ukuthenga entsha :-/ ) kukuyivula, ufumane ingxaki kwaye uzame ukuyilungisa. Okanye, ukusilela oko, yithathe ukuba ilungiswe ngumntu onamava ngakumbi kwaye oya kuzama into enye:
- Vula isixhobo
- Yenza uhlalutyo loyilo lwakho lwe-elektroniki
- Zama ukufumana umthombo wengxaki
- Kwaye ngandlela-thile lungisa inxalenye enesiphene
Kodwa mhlawumbi le nyani sihlala kuyo ikwenza ungazi ukuba, njengokuba kwenzeka ngesoftware, iimveliso zehardware ezininzi zikhuselwe yimithetho engqongqo ezithintela abantu abazithengayo ekuhloleni ukujikeleza kwabo, ukuzigcina, okanye ukuzilungisa... ubuncinci ngokusemthethweni.
Ukuyichaza ngokulula kunye nokwenza isifaniso kwinto enye eyenzekayo ngesoftware:
Isixhobo sombane sisombulula ingxaki ethile...
ngoyilo olwayilwa yinkampani... :-/ kwaye ixesha elininzi loo nkampani ayinamdla:
- Ukuba unako ukulungisa isixhobo ngokwakho xa siphuka.
- Ukuba uyazi ukuba yenziwa njani.
- Kwaye ngaphantsi kakhulu!... ukuba wenze enye njengayo.
Oku akungomdla ongenasiseko kubo, ngokuchaseneyo. Ngokukhawulela umnini wezi nkululeko, inkampani "Iprotein" ulwazi olufihlakeleyo olukhoyo kwimveliso, kwaye ludala ukuxhomekeka okukhethekileyo komsebenzisi kwi-brand kwimiba yogcino kunye nenkxaso..
Ayizizo zonke iinjongo zesi sithuba ukugxeka okanye ukutyhola le ndlela yokubona izinto. Ayisiyiyo loo nto, kodwa malunga nokubazisa ukuba ukongeza kule (eyeyona ininzi) kukho i-Hardware yasimahla, engeyiyo enye ngaphandle (ngokweWiki):
“…izixhobo zehardware ezine iinkcukacha y imizobo ecwangcisiweyo zifikeleleka eluntwini, nokuba kuphantsi kohlobo oluthile lwentlawulo okanye simahla
Kulungile, huh?
Ingcamango efanayo ... kunye neeyantlukwano ezimbalwa
Nakuphi na ukulungelelaniswa kwengcamango kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kukhatshwa lutshintsho. Kwaye esinye sezizathu ezisisiseko kule meko yindalo ye-hardware. Ukuthathela oku kuphela ingqalelo sinokuqonda ngokulula ukuba iinkululeko ezine zesoftware yasimahla ayinakusetyenziswa kwihardware. Umzekelo:
- Uyilo lomzimba luyingqayizivele kwaye lunzima. Ayingomcimbi weyiba noyilo kwaye ngoku”, kodwa kulula ukuba uyilo luveliswe kwakhona.
- Isixhobo sineendleko ezinxulumene naso. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezenziwe ngomnye umntu, kufuneka uzenze kuqala. Oku kubandakanya ukuthenga amacandelo, ukwakha uyilo, kunye nokuvavanya. Zonke ezi ndleko.
- Izixhobo azisoloko zifumaneka. Kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwilizwe. Kwezinye kukho iivenkile ze-electronics, abasasazi ... kodwa ... kuthekani ngabo bangenayo?
- Maninzi amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwihardware. Unoyilo lwesixhobo esisimahla. Kugqwesileyo! Kodwa ngaba unayo ilayisensi yokusebenzisa loo microcontroller kuyo? Kwaye eli elinye icandelo?
- Yimodeli yemveliso enzima. Udinga (ngokufanelekileyo :-/ ) uyilo, ukulinganisa, ukuveliswa kunye nokuphunyezwa kweziseko ezingundoqo. Asinguye wonke umntu onokwenza i-hardware nokuba unolwazi. Iimfuno zokusingqongileyo azilula kangako.
- Namhlanje i-hardware ... ayikho nje i-hardware. Ixesha le-analog electronics lidlulile ixesha elide. Ngoku kukho iinkqubo ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwehardware. Ayiveli kwiPC ukufikelela kwisixhobo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zehardware ngokwazo. Oku kongeza elinye inqanaba lobunzima kwabo bafuna ukuvelisa kwakhona uyilo.
Akukho nto, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo luhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo oluqhubeka nokuvela. Nakwiphepha leWikipedia endibhekisa kulo ekupheleni kwenqaku kukho izahluko ezininzi kunye nezihloko zokujongana neemeko ezithile kakhulu malunga nalo mbandela. Kaninzi kunaxa ndandiqala ukuyibona ndiseyunivesithi.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu
Eyona nto yandothusayo xa ndeva ngalo mbandela kukuba indlela ifilosofi yesoftware yasimahla eye yachaphazela ngayo imveliso ye-ICT kunye neeparadigms zentengiso, nangaphandle komxholo wayo, eziziinkqubo zekhompyutha.
Kuyamangalisa ngokwenene, kwaye ngubani owaziyo ukuba kwiminyaka ezayo izicelo ezintsha ziya kuvela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kungekhona nje kwi-computing kunye neteknoloji, kodwa kwisayensi yezentlalo, imfundo, ubugcisa ... ngubani owaziyo?
Kumanqaku azayo ndiza kukuxelela malunga neeprojekthi zehardware zasimahla eziye zandinceda ngokobuqu ukuba ndifunde i-elektroniki kwaye zindinike okuninzi endinokuthetha ngazo.
Olunye ulwazi
Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kwiphepha leZikhonkwane zasimahla kwiWikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_libre
Umthombo: abantu
Ifilosofi egqwesileyo esetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yobomi bemihla ngemihla, unyanisile malunga nento yokugqibela yokuba i-hardware ayiseyiyo i-hardware nje, amasango athatyathelw' indawo zizixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo ezenza ingqiqo efanayo kodwa ngendlela esebenzayo kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa.
Kwimfundo, luluvo oluhle kakhulu ukwenza abaqeqeshi bazame kwaye ngcono kakhulu ukuba bayilwe ngokukhululekileyo kuba nawuphi na umfundi unokwenza ezabo.
Uhlalutyo olukhulu !!
Ihardware yasimahla kunye nesoftware yasimahla
Ulwazi malube simahla ^^
Iyonke kwaye iyavuma ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba ukho umntu owazi ummeli wokufikelela kwi-HumanOs?
Ingxaki kukuba abantu abanakuphumela ngaphandle.
Ndacinga ukuba ekubeni yayiyiwebhusayithi yaseCuba iya kuvalwa kwaye inokufumaneka ngeproxy eya kwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi ndiqhagamshelwe apho.
Ngalo naliphi na ithuba unayo inguqulelo ene-.onion domain?
Uhlalutyo olunomdla kakhulu.
Sele sifunde lo mxholo iminyaka emininzi ngoku. Ukusetyenziswa kwangoko kweenkcazo zesoftware yasimahla kunye neengcinga kwihardware akunakwenzeka. Njengoko bethetha kwinqaku, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, phakathi kwezinye: iindleko ezihambelanayo, ubunzima, iziseko ezibandakanyekayo, ukungenakwenzeka kokuveliswa kwayo kwangoko njengesoftware, njl.
Ndikushiyela amakhonkco abo banomdla wokuqhubeka nokungena nzulu ngesihloko:
http://usemoslinux.blogspot.com/2011/08/hardware-libre-vs-hardware-abierto-el.html
http://usemoslinux.blogspot.com/2011/01/sabes-de-que-se-trata-el-hardware-libre.html
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_libre
Nabo bonke ubunzima obukhankanyiweyo, kuye kwakho inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwehardware yasimahla, iiprojekthi ezaziwa kakhulu yiArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi.
Ndikwafumana umdla ukukhankanya ukuba sele kukho iilayisensi zehardware zasimahla. Ngapha koko, i-Apache Foundation kunye ne-CERN edumileyo baye benza ezinye apho banika iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zento ekufuneka iqondwe "yi-hardware yasimahla." Ulwazi oluninzi apha:
http://usemoslinux.blogspot.com/2011/07/cern-lanza-una-nueva-licencia-para.html
http://usemoslinux.blogspot.com/2012/05/nueva-licencia-para-hardware-libre.html
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphuhliso (okanye hayi) lwe-hardware yamahhala lunempembelelo ethe ngqo ekuphuhliseni (okanye hayi) yesoftware yasimahla. Ngokuchanekileyo, uStallman ukholelwa kwi-hardware yamahhala njengoko iququzelela ukuphuhliswa kwabaqhubi abahambelanayo. Njengomzekelo, ukuba amakhadi evidiyo ayeyi-hardware yasimahla, sinokuba nabaqhubi bevidiyo basimahla.
Ewe, ndiyavuyisana nawe kwakhona ngenqaku elibalaseleyo! Ndikwathatha eli thuba ukunimema nonke ukuba nicinge ngeendlela zokuyila "zokukhulula" izixhobo zethu zekhompyutha.
Ihagi! UPawulos.
Ngoku ndiyaqonda ukuba kutheni umabonwakude wokugqibela usapho lwam oluthengileyo weza nazo zonke izicwangciso, ezichaza iimpawu zecandelo ngalinye. Ndacinga ukuba oku kulungile, ayisiyiyo into yokuba ndazi kakhulu malunga ne-elektroniki, kodwa ingcamango elula yokwazi ukuba ukuba kukho into ephukileyo ndingathenga inxalenye esecaleni kwaye ndiyitshintshe ndiyayithanda! Ngandlel’ ithile ndaziva ndiKHUSELEKILE!
Ukuwola
nguSebha
xD Ndingathanda ukuba, ngosuku oludikayo lokubukela umabonakude ndiqalise ukuphonononga loo maphepha kwaye ndifunde kancinci malunga nehardware xD
Sawubona!
Ngaba kukho ifowuni ephathwayo eneempawu zangoku ezisekwe kwihardware yasimahla?
Bendizothenga intloko enye.
Kaloku, kum indlela yokucinga yabo bangavumiyo ukwandisa ulwazi ngenxa nje yenzuzo yezoqoqosho ibonakala iphikisana kakhulu, nto leyo ephumela ekukhuthazeni ukuzingca okusulungekileyo nokulula ngoxa kuthintela ukukhula kolwazi loluntu. Ngamanye amazwi luhlobo lwengcinga yoosolusapho.
Ndibulise kubo bonke. Ndandingazi nto ukuba inqaku lam lipapashwe apha DesdeLinux. Ndiyabulela nonke ngezimvo kunye nomdla ekuphuhliseni isihloko.
Imibuliso evela eCuba
Liqonga elihle kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantu abanolwazi oluncinci okanye abangenalo ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, ukuzisa bonke aba bantu kufutshane nehlabathi le-elektroniki kunye neengcinga ezintle.
Zininzi iiprojekthi ezilula nezinomdla ezinokwenziwa.
Ndibhala into malunga neli qonga.
http://blog.ars-electronica.com.ar/p/que-es-arduino.html
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo enike amandla amakhulu kukusebenzisa ifilosofi yesoftware yasimahla kwihardware.
Ukubulisa.