USteve McIntyre, inkokeli yeprojekthi yeDebian iminyaka eliqela, wathatha inyathelo lokuqala lokucinga kwakhona isimo sengqondo sikaDebian malunga nokuthumela i-firmware yobunikazi, okwangoku engabandakanywanga kwimifanekiso yofakelo olusemthethweni kwaye inikwe kwindawo yogcino "engekho simahla".
ngokoluvo nguSteve, ukuzama ukufezekisa eyona nto ilungileyo yokunikezela ngesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo kuphela kudala ubunzima okungafunekiyo kubasebenzisi, abathi kwiimeko ezininzi bafake i-firmware yobunikazi ukuba bafuna i-hardware yabo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
I-firmware ye-proprietary ibekwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo engekho simahla, kunye nezinye iipakethe ezisasazwe phantsi kweelayisensi ezivuliweyo nezingezozasimahla. Indawo yokugcina ayisiyonxalenye ngokusemthethweni yeprojekthi yeDebian kunye neepakethe eziqulethwe azinakufakwa kufakelo okanye kwizakhiwo eziphilayo.
Ngenxa yoko, imifanekiso yokufakela kunye ne-firmware yobunikazi yakhiwe ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ihlelwa njengengekho semthethweni, nangona iphuhliswe ngokusemthethweni kwaye igcinwe yiprojekthi yeDebian.
Ngaloo ndlela, imeko ethile ifunyenwe kuluntu, apho umnqweno wokusasaza kuphela isoftware evulekileyo yomthombo kunye nesidingo se-firmware kubasebenzisi zidityanisiwe. Kukho kwakhona iseti encinci ye-firmware yamahhala, efakwe kwisakhiwo esisemthethweni kunye nendawo yokugcina, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu ii-firmwares ezinjalo kwaye azanelanga kwiimeko ezininzi.
Indlela ye-Debian idala iingxaki ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kubasebenzisi kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo ngokwakha, ukuvavanya, kunye nokusingatha izakhiwo ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware evaliweyo. Iprojekthi inikezela ngemifanekiso esemthethweni njengeyona nto icetyiswayo eyakhayo, kodwa ibhidekisa kuphela aba basebenzisi njengoko behlangabezana nemiba yenkxaso yehardware ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo olungekho semthethweni ngokungazi kukhokelela ekwandeni kwesoftware engasimahla, kuba umsebenzisi, kunye ne-firmware, ikwafumana indawo yokugcina engasimahla edityaniswe nenye isoftware engekho simahla, kanti ukuba i-firmware inikezelwe ngokwahlukileyo, bekuya kuba njalo. ibenokwenzeka ukuyenza ngaphandle kokuquka indawo yokugcina engasimahla.
Kutshanje, abavelisi baye babhenela ngakumbi ekusebenziseni i-firmware yangaphandle elayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, kunokubonelela nge-firmware kwimemori esisigxina yezixhobo ngokwazo. Le firmware yangaphandle ifunwa yimizobo emininzi yangoku, isandi, kunye neeadaptha zenethiwekhi.
Kwangelo xesha Umbuzo wokuba ingakanani i-firmware enokuthi ifakwe kwimfuno yokubonelela ngesoftware yasimahla ayicacanga, ekubeni, enyanisweni, i-firmware yenziwe kwizixhobo ze-hardware, kwaye kungekhona kwinkqubo, kwaye ibhekisela kwizixhobo. Ngempumelelo efanayo, iikhompyuter zanamhlanje, ezixhotyiswe ngokusasazwa kwamahhala, ziqhuba i-firmware efakwe kwisixhobo. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba enye i-firmware ilayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, ngelixa ezinye sele zifakwe kwi-ROM okanye kwimemori ye-Flash.
USteve ubonise iindlela ezintlanu eziphambili kuyilo lokukhutshwa kwe-firmware kwi-Debian, ecwangciselwe ukuba ivotelwe ngokubanzi ngabaphuhlisi:
- Shiya yonke into njengoko injalo, nikezela nge-firmware evaliweyo kuphela kwiindibano ezingekho semthethweni.
- Yeka ukubonelela ngezakhiwo ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware engekho simahla kwaye ulungelelanise ukuhanjiswa kunye neengcinga zeprojekthi zokuhambisa isoftware yasimahla kuphela.
- Hambisa izakhiwo ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware kudidi olusemthethweni kwaye uzithumele ngapha nangapha kwaye kwindawo enye kunye nokwakhiwa okubandakanya i-freeware kuphela, okwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi ukufumana i-firmware efunekayo.
- Bandakanya i-firmware yobunini kulwakhiwo olusemthethweni oluqhelekileyo kwaye ukwala ukubonelela ngolwakhiwo olungekho semthethweni. Icala elisezantsi lale ndlela kukuba indawo yokugcina engahlawulelwayo yenziwe ngokungagqibekanga.
- Ukwahlula i-firmware yobunikazi kwindawo yogcino olungeyosimahla ibe yinto eyahlukileyo ye-firmware engenanto kwaye uyityhale iye kwenye indawo yokugcina engafuni kusebenze indawo yokugcina engasimahla. Yongeza okungafaniyo kwimigaqo yeprojekthi evumela ukuba icandelo le-firmware elingekho simahla lifakwe kwiindibano zokufakela rhoqo. Ke, kuya kwenzeka ukwala ukubunjwa kweendibano ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, kubandakanya i-firmware kwiindibano eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ungasebenzisi indawo yokugcina engasimahla kubasebenzisi.
USteve ngokwakhe ukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwenqaku lesihlanu, eya kuvumela iprojekthi ukuba ingaphambuki kakhulu ekukhuthazeni isofthiwe yamahhala, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo yenza imveliso ibe lula kwaye iluncedo kubasebenzisi.
I-installer iphakamisa ukuhlula ngokucacileyo i-firmware yamahhala kunye ne-non-free, enika umsebenzisi ithuba lokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kwaye amazise ukuba i-firmware ekhoyo yamahhala iyahambelana ne-hardware yangoku kwaye ukuba kukho iiprojekthi zokwenza i-firmware yamahhala yezixhobo ezikhoyo. Kwinqanaba lokukhuphela, kucetywa kwakhona ukongeza isethingi ukukhubaza iphakheji nge-firmware engekho simahla.
Umthombo: https://blog.einval.com/
Ndicinga ukuba ilungile njengoko injalo nge-non-free kwaye eyona nto iphambili yahlulwe kakuhle, kodwa ekubeni le ndoda ikhankanya lo mbandela, mhlawumbi lixesha lokuba ube ngqongqo ngakumbi, uphelise ukungakhululeki ngokupheleleyo kwaye uyenze i-distro yasimahla enyulu nakwi-M engeyiyo. -simahla. Kwabo bangakuthandiyo, ezinye iindlela azisileli, njengoBuntu umzekelo.
Into abangakwazi ngayo nangayiphi na indlela kukubeka isoftware engekho simahla eyona nto iphambili. Ndicinga ukuba ukuba benza njalo, abaninzi baya kuyishiya le distro, i-debian iya kuyeka ukuba yi-debian, ayiyi kwenza nayiphi na ingqiqo.
Ngexesha elidlulileyo ndenze inkcazo kwinqaku apho lithetha ngokuvunywa kwevoti eyimfihlo kwiDebian (inkcazo ayivunywanga okwangoku): https://blog.desdelinux.net/los-desarrolladores-de-debian-aprobaron-la-posibilidad-de-votacion-secreta
Ngaloo nqaku kunye nenkcazo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-Debian iya kuyeka ukuba yintoni na.