Eli lelinye lawona manqaku akhankanyiweyo xa uthetha nge-GNU
Ndifunde apho amatyeli aliqela: Kuthekani ukuba endaweni yamakhulu amaninzi e-distros yonke imizamo emanyeneyo kwaye yenze enye kuphela?
Ingumbono olungileyo ukucinga ukuba umhlaba ubuya kuba njani xa kukho usasazo olunye lweLinux, okanye uthathela ingqalelo ezinye iinkozo:
I-GNU, inkqubo yokusebenza eyenziwe nguRichard Stallman efumaneka kwii-cores ezintathu: BSD; Ukhathazekile y Linux
- Yakhe kwasekuqaleni, khuphela uguqulelo oluvelayo (olu luvela kwi-Gentoo), ingxelo edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo kunye ne-precompiled (Sabayon). Inguqulelo eyenziwe kwangaphambili kunye nezikripthi, uguqulelo olungaphambili kunye newizard yeconsole, inguqulelo enewizard yemizobo.
- Khetha i-installer yakho: Kwaye uninzi luyavela.
- Khetha iiRekhodi: Simahla, siSimahla, siSimahla, sivavanywa simahla, kuvavanywa 2 Mahala, simahla, siSimahla, siSimahla, sivavanywa simahla, kwaye ezo zingasimahla. Khuphela i KDE, i-GTK2 emsulwa, i-GTK emsulwa, i-mulitlib, i-multilib….
- Indawo yokugcina yomsebenzisi.
- Khetha naluphi na uhlobo lweenkqubo: Umfundi, iServer, iGamer ...
- Khetha iseva yemizobo: Xorg, Wayland, Mir
- Khetha ujongano lomzobo: iGnome, Ubunye, iMate, iCinnamon, iLXDE, iXFCE,
- Khetha umsebenzi wobugcisa, iminti eluhlaza, ubuntu, i-kilimanjaro, amapere kunye nama-apile, chameleon eluhlaza ...
- Khetha izixhobo zakho: Yast, apt-get, emerge, entropy, yaourt, yum, pacman ...
Ukuyijonga ukusuka kuloo ndawo apho yonke into iyinkqubo enye, inkqubela phambili iya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kuba ubume bezikhundla buya kucaca. Kwaye umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo ongena kwiphepha lale distro yokucinga kwaye afumane iindlela ezingama-20 zokuyifaka, uya kucinga ukuba soze akwazi ukuyisebenzisa.
Ukongeza, uya kuziva ucalucalulo kuba abahlali baya kuba kwiiklasi ezinobunzima. Into efanayo inokwenzeka ngoku, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uchonga indawo yakho.
Ukongeza, i-Bill Gates yayiza kufika kwaye iqale ukumangalela, i-patent yeqhosha elikhutshiweyo, amalungelo awodwa omenzi weenkawu, ilungelo lobunikazi kwibar yomsebenzi.
Wayeqala ukusebenzisa imali yakhe ukususa abantu abalulekileyo kwiLinux kwaye abenze babe yinxalenye yenkampani yakhe. Iiprojekthi ziya kuqala ukufa. Kuba enye bayinxiba ngoku.
Uninzi lwabanye alunakuthanda ukuthotyelwa kubantu abaninzi kwaye kuya kubakho inkululeko, kwaye bayishiya iLinux ... Kwaye iya kuqala ukutshabalalisa le nkqubo ilungelelaniswe kakuhle.
Uluvo lwenkqubo enye lubonakala kum lolona lufanelekileyo, kodwa sisixhobo esihle kakhulu. Akuyi kubakho inkululeko kwiLinux ukuba ibe njengale. Inkululeko ayazi mida kwaye inani lokusasazwa kweLinux ngumzekelo omkhulu wentsebenziswano nenkululeko kwihlabathi.
Kwakhona ii-distros zokuqala ezingama-50 zibonakala zilunge kakhulu kum. Ndiyayithanda loo nto kwi-GNU / Linux abantu babonwa ngeendlela zabo zokucinga hayi njengabathengi bemveliso yentengiso ekufuneka beziqhelanise. Mhlawumbi abanye bakhetha ukuziqhelanisa nezinto abazinyanzelayo.
Umbono wakho uya kuba mnandi kakhulu.
xDD Kutheni sihlala sigxeka uBill omdala ngayo yonke into? UBill akasaphathanga iMicrosoft, wonwabela izigidi zakhe kwaye wenza imisebenzi yesisa ukuhlawula irhafu encinci.
Umahluko, kulungile ukuba kuhlala kukho ukhetho. Umzekelo, ndingavuya ukuba bekukho inkqubo efanayo yephakheji efanayo. Ngamanye amagama, i-Debian isebenzisa i-dpkg kunye ne-apt, i-RedHat isebenzisa i-rpm, i-Suse isebenzisa i-zipper okanye i-yast ... kulungile, ayonto imbi, kodwa kuya kuba kuhle ukuba bekukho enye efanayo kubo bonke, apho kungenamsebenzi ukuba yintoni distro, ifakiwe kwaye voila, ngaphandle kokudibanisa nantoni na. Inyanda? Andicingi njalo, kodwa into efanayo.
Malunga neebhilidi zamasango .., kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umfazi wakhe uyakholwa kwaye bathetha iilwimi ezimbi ukuba wamnyanzela ukuba enze imisebenzi yesisa XD
ABAPHUHLISI
Ngumqondiso.
Kulula ukuthelekelela imeko nomntu omaziyo kunokuba ube nenkampani.
Kukho wow! Malunga ne-arhente yomsebenzisi-, ndisebenzisa iManjaro, njengoko ndisebenzisa ii-distros ezininzi ndisebenzisa amakhonkco okomfuziselo kwifolda ye-chromium, kuba ndisebenzisa i-Chrome elinye ibali. Ubuncinci iArch yeyona nto ndiyithandayo.
Ifomathi efanayo yephakheji yazo zonke ii-distros ayinakuze isebenze. I-Linux distros yahluke kakhulu enye kwenye, kwaye ukuba nefomathi efanayo yokufaka iiphakeji akuqinisekisi ukungqinelana konke konke. Iiphakheji zifaka iifayile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwi-distro, zize ziqhube isikripthi sokufakwa kwangaphambili / kweposi nganye kwi-distro nganye. Ukufunda okucetyiswayo kakhulu ngalo mbandela:
http://www.happyassassin.net/2013/04/29/the-great-package-format-debate-why-theres-no-need-for-distributions-to-use-the-same-package-format/
Ukwangana !!
Ingaba ubuthetha ukuba:
I-Debian / Ubuntus isebenzisa i-dpkg kunye ne-SuSE / OpenSuSE, i-Ferdora / i-RedHat / i-CentOS / i-SCL, sebenzisa i-rpm
dibanisa
I-Debian / Ubuntus isebenzisa i-apt kunye ne-SuSE / OpenSuSE zypper kunye neFedora / RedHat / CentOS / SCL yum kunye neRosa / Mageia / Drades urpmi
Kwaye ukuba usebenzisa i-KDE mhlawumbi usebenzisa imizobo ye-Muon okanye i-Apper kwaye ukuba usebenzisa into ye-GTK Synaptic kwi-Debian / Ubuntus, njl.
Ngamafutshane, i-zypper isebenzisa i-rpm efanayo ne-urpmi, yum, smart, njl. Ngaphezu, ezinye zezi zixhobo zinokusebenzisa i-rpm kunye ne-deb kunye ne-vice versa.
Ukwahluka kwe-Linux distros kuhambelana nenkqubo, kunye neekhompyuter ezithobekileyo ngamaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu e-OSX okanye inkqubo ebiza kakhulu ngaphandle kwento elandelwayo ekufuneka uye kuyo kwiBronx yedijithali ukufumana iinkqubo zasimahla zeWindows.
I-XD yedijithali iBronx iyinyani kakhulu. Andazi ukuba kutheni kodwa baninzi abasebenzisi beWindows abanesifiso sokufumana yonke into iphangiwe, baneenkqubo zasimahla ezenza okufanayo.
umzekelo, Windows ...
Ukubonisa okuhle kakhulu, ukuba iyantlukwano ikhona kwiLinux ayisiyongxaki, uthini ukuba iLinux kufuneka ibenemigangatho ethile njengokupakisha kwifomathi enye efanayo kuzo zonke ii-distros (okwangoku abanye bangavuma okanye bangavumi).
Iseva yemizobo, njl.
Ndiphinda izinto ezithile, ngapha koko andiboni ngxaki.
Ngokuchanekileyo, into enje bendizakuhlomla ngayo, i-graphic server sisiqwengana esibalulekileyo kwaye kufanele ukuba sibe nemvumelwano yoluntu luphela, kodwa uyabona abakwenzileyo kuthi. Ndiyazi ukuba kukho abantu abavumelana nale ntshukumo kwaye baya kuba nezizathu zabo, ezilungileyo okanye ezingalunganga, ngokwam ndiyathemba ukuba lo mbandela awuyi kuhamba kwaye ube yingxaki yangempela kuthi.
Le nguJuanr, yibeka emgangathweni eyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo njengoko uchazile, yile nto mabayenze, endaweni yokuthatha iifolokhwe kuyo yonke into.
Bayeke baqulunqe>.
Ukuqulunqwa kude kukunike iyantlukwano ngakumbi ke le ngcaciso ayizuzi ... xD
Yitya ikhekhe!
Lowo ngumbuzo. Ayisiyo ukuba sonke sihamba ngeringi enye (iringi enye) okanye, njengangoku, ukusasazwa okungangeni manzi kugxile ekuphuhliseni iimpendulo ezifanayo, eziyinkcitho. Inqaku lelokuba kwi-GNU / Linux kufanele kubekho imvumelwano esisiseko, ukuba ayisiyiyo inxalenye yabo bonke ubuncinci kwinxalenye yolwabiwo lolunye "usapho" olufanayo.
Ngaba uMandrake noConectiva abadibananga ngaphambili?
Molo, ngokoluvo lwam, iyantlukwano, lelinye lamanqaku aphambili anelinux, ngokuthanda ezinye iinkqubo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kukho umba wokuqhekeka hayi ukwahluka. kodwa eyona nto ndiyithethayo kukuba iyantlukwano inceda wonke umntu ukuba akhethe inkqubo yokusebenza ngokweemfuno zabo. umz. Ndiyayithanda iArchlinux, kodwa ukuba ibikukuphela kwenkqubo kwaye ibifakwe ngumhlobo oqala nge-linux, uphosa ikhompyuter entlokweni yam, kodwa ngethamsanqa zikhona ezinye ii-distros ezinje nge-linux, i-mint, i-fedora ekulula kakhulu .
ngokupheleleyo ukuthanda ukwahluka. Ii-distros ezininzi, iiphakheji ezininzi zeofisi, uninzi lwento yonke. Inkululeko yiyantlukwano, yoyikeka, ayiyolisi, iyakhathaza, yodwa, ekuphela kwento. Ukuba yayinye kuphela i-distro ngekhe ibe yi-GNU.
Oko ndikunika isizathu. Ngaphezu koko, into endiyithandayo kakhulu nge-GNU / Linux kukuba uyabona ukuba i-distro nganye inobuntu bayo.
Molo, kukhetho lwam lokwahlukahlukana kokunye, lelinye lamanqaku aphambili anayo iLinux, ngokuthanda ezinye iinkqubo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kukho umba wesahlulo kwaye ungafani. Kodwa eyona nto ndiyithethayo kukuba iyantlukwano inceda wonke umntu ukuba akhethe inkqubo yokusebenza ngokweemfuno zabo. umz. Ndiyayithanda arch linux. Kodwa ukuba ibikukuphela kwenkqubo kwaye ibifakwe ngumhlobo osandula ukuqala ngeLinux, iphosa ikhompyuter entlokweni yam, kodwa ngethamsanqa kukho ezinye i-distro ezinje nge-linux, i-mint, i-fedora elungileyo kakhulu kodwa ejolise kolunye uhlobo lomsebenzisi olulula okanye ukuba usebenze ngakumbi, okanye abanye ngaphandle phaya ukuba kufuneka uqwalasele ngaphezulu okanye i-gentoo, kufuneka babe nezinye izinto ozithandayo.Kwaye ubone iintlobo ezininzi zokuhanjiswa ngokufanayo kukho ukhuphiswano olukhokelela kunikezelo olwahlukileyo ukuziphucula. indaleko ihlengahlengisa ezona ndawo zintle kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo .PD: uxolo ngeziphene
Ukwahluka yinto elungileyo, umbono wokuba ukuba yonke imizamo iye kwi-distro efanayo intle kodwa ayinakufezekiseka, cinga ngabantu abaninzi abanomdla ohlukileyo kunye nobuchule obahlukeneyo abasebenza kwi-UNICA distro, iya kuba sisiphithiphithi.
Ngubani onoku-odola? Ngubani oza kuyalela ukuba enze ntoni ngexesha lam lasimahla?
Isoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo ngokubanzi yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, into efana nokutshintsha kwemfuza, nokuba iiprojekthi ezingaphumelelanga zibalulekile kuba abanye bafunda into engasebenziyo kunye nengasebenziyo, yiyo loo nto i-entropy yenziwe phakathi kwazo zonke iiprojekthi ezonyusa uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo.
+ 100
Kuxhomekeka ekubeni yintoni. Andinangxaki ngezinto ezinjengendawo yedesktop okanye ukuba nabadlali abaninzi bomculo. Kodwa into yomzobo weseva ibonakala imbi kakhulu kum. Ndicinga ukuba yenye yezona zinto zimbi zeCanonical zenzele i-linux
Uluvo lwam lufana nabanye oogxa, ukuba iyantlukwano ilungile ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba. Ezinye izinto kufuneka zibekwe emgangathweni kwaye sonke siya kuphumelela, okwenzekayo kukuba kunzima ukuvumelana nabantu abaninzi abasebenzela ukonwaba.
Masizame ukungazibaxi izinto. Ndicinga ukuba ngale ndlela kuya kuba lula kuyo yonke into ukuqhubela phambili.
Impilo!
Yeyiphi ingxaki enkulu ekunene?
Ukwahluka okanye ukungafani?
Ngaba ukucalula okanye ukungakhethi?
Umnyama okanye umhlophe?
Kwaye kutheni kungangcono umnyama?
Masinwabe..!
Thelekisa kakuhle nemibala yeqabane.
Ndiyakholelwa ekubeni ukuba nomnyama wokukhetha umbala endiwuthandayo ngowona ungcono, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukho izinto ezithile ezithile apho bonke abo baqondayo kufuneka bakhethe owona mbala ungcono ukuze kube lula ukuya phambili. Umzekelo, khawufane ucinge ngehlabathi apho iWebhu yeHlabathi yeWebhu ibingengomgangatho kwaye kuye kwafuneka sikhethe phakathi kwee-internethi ezahlukeneyo (ezinokuthi ke zikhethwe ngokuthe kratya kuba kukho inethiwekhi yeTor, iFreeNet, njl.
Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukuba kukho imigangatho, ethi ke nganye nganye igqithe kumgangatho xa sele inolwazi oluyimfuneko ukusukela ukukhetha ngokukhululekileyo, kufuneka umntu azi izinto ezininzi ezifundwayo ngokusetyenziswa.
Ngapha koko, ukuba i-ecosystem ye-Linux iyaqhubeka nezifundo zayo, okwangoku ezibonakala zilungile kum.
Nibuliso!
Ndixhasa ukubanakho kokwahlulahlula ukhetho, kodwa namhlanje into ekhoyo kukuziphatha kakubi. I-Distros ngasekhohlo nasekunene engadibanisi nantoni na entsha (izisa ii-ElementaryOS ngakumbi kunezinye i-distros ezisekwe ku-Ubuntu ezidityanisiweyo).
Kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu kukuba ndiyayithanda i-matrix distros efana ne-Debian, i-RHEL / i-CentOS kunye ne-Slackware ngakumbi, kuba ngamagqala kwaye zezona zinikela kakhulu kwindalo iphela ye-GNU / Linux.
Baza kuhlala behlasela uBill Gates kuba wayengowokuqala ukuphatha isoftware ngokungathi yinto yomzimba, njengento, ikhonkrithi kwikhompyuter. Ngapha koko, uthathelwa ingqalelo nguJohn D. Rockefeller wesoftware "yomzi mveliso."
Ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi, baqala ukwenza izixhobo zekhompyutha, kwaye uBill Gates nguye oweza nombono wokufumana inzuzo kumqokeleli wakhe osisiseko endaweni yokwabelana nabanye abaninzi ngexesha lakhe.
Uxolo ngengcaciso yangaphambili ukuba ingaphandle kwesihloko.
Ukwahluka kukhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba. Ingxaki kukuba kukho ukunganyaniseki okwenyani okubangela ukuba kwenziwe i-distros ethi iphele ngokufanayo (njengoko kunjalo naseCanaima naseHuaira distros, ezinganikeli kwanto intsha).
Ngokubhekisele kwi-matrix distros efana ne-RHEL / CentOS, i-Debian kunye ne-Slackware, banezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kodwa zezona zikhetho zilungileyo kubaqalayo njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili nguFico kwisithuba sakhe malunga namava akhe ngeLinux, ukuwela kwi-distro-hopping.
Ngokwam, ndiyakholelwa ekubeni akunakwenzeka ukuba uthintele iyantlukwano evunyelwa sisoftware yasimahla ngaphandle kokuthintela inkululeko ezithile zayo. Isiphelo sam kukuba izinto zilungile ngendlela eziyiyo, iyafana nethiyori kaDarwin yokhetho lwendalo.
Ndicinga ukuba ukhetho lwendalo ngumzekelo olungileyo. I-Distros iyazalwa, ikhule, iguquke, ivelise kwakhona ... Abo banganikeli nto okanye abangazivumelanisiyo okanye abanophawu olubi baya kufa, kwaye ke umjikelo wobomi uyaqhubeka. Ukuba zininzi ii-distros, kungenxa yokuba abantu bebeyifuna ngoluhlobo, nganye inefilosofi yayo kunye nendlela yokwenza izinto. Andiqondi okuninzi kodwa kukho izinto eziqhelekileyo, akunjalo? i-kernel okanye into enjalo (icaciswe ngabo balawula umba) ukuba abayeki ukuba yi-GNU / Linux kwaye iya kuba yenye i-OS. Andiqondi ukuba yonke into inokubumbana, iLinux yenziwa ngabasebenzisi kwaye zininzi izimvo njengabantu kwaye ukuba sonke siyayazi indlela yokwenza, bekuya kubakho phantse i-distro yomsebenzisi ngamnye.
https://xkcd.com/927/
JE JE JE, kuba uhlala neefestile kuphela kunye ne-omnipont ………………………… .. UNGANGENZI IZIMVO NCEDA.
Ndicinga ukuba iyantlukwano ilungile, kodwa okwenzekayo namhlanje kuninzi kakhulu, ndicinga ukuba malunga nolwabiwo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwabo ngaphezulu kokwaneleyo kwaye emva koko kugxilwe kuzo zonke iinzame zokuphucula ezi okanye enye onokuyikhuphela kumzuzu wokuqala à la Makhe ndichaze, ingangumboniso omkhulu ukuba ngaphambi kokuyikhuphela unokukhetha yonke isoftware eya kuba nayo, leyo ikhetha indawo enye okanye enye, leyo ikhetha kuphela isoftware yasimahla, yobunini okanye exubileyo, ukuba ufuna isikhangeli okanye enye, nokuba ndifuna umhleli wevidiyo nokuba ukhetha eyiphi ...
Ingayinto entle leyo, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukunika umfanekiso wobunye ukuze inkxaso inyuke, engaze ibenzakalise.
Ngamafutshane, kwaye naluphi na uluvo onalo, ukuba umbutho omncinci ngakumbi uyimfuneko kwaye ukuba emva koko iprojekthi edibeneyo yenziwa ngokufanayo iya kuba yinto entle.
Molo ! Imibuliso kubo bonke! Sisifundo nje ebendicinga ngaso.
ICathedral kunye neBazaar, akunjalo? U-Eric S. Raymond
IBill Bill? Andiqondi ukuba iyakwenzeka, ngaphandle kokuba loo mfo ebe yonke into ku-Apple, akanakwenza patent nantoni na.
Ngendlela, ndicinga ukuba iyantlukwano ilungile, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kukho izambatho ezimbalwa, ezinye ziifolokhwe zabanye, ezongeza okanye zithatha izinto ezimbalwa. Ukuba abantu bayayithathela ingqalelo loo nto, akusayi kubakho ngxaki, kuba sonke sifuna into eyahlukileyo, umzekelo ndiyathanda ukuba semgangathweni kwaye abanye bakhetha ukungancami uzinzo.
Masithi ngee-distros ezininzi kangangokuba kukho, ezingama-20, mhlawumbi okuthe kratya kokona kungokoqobo kwaye kwabo bantu baqhelekileyo balahle ngokukhawuleza, ngokubanzi ngu-Ubuntu. Nangona, kuyinyani ukuba iyabhidisa kwaye kubantu abanomdla kakhulu, abathanda ukuzama, iyacaphukisa kakhulu. Ndigqithile kuyo, kodwa phantse uhlala uphelela apho uqale khona
Ukwahluka kulungile kuba kuphelela ekubeni wedwa, njengoko zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ongatsiba kwezona zilungele wena. Kodwa kukho ingxaki, eyokuba xa kukho iyantlukwano eninzi, ingqondi iya ezantsi kumjelo wokuhambisa amanzi. Baninzi abazama "ukwenza" ukuba bazimanya nathi singaba nenani elikhulu leenkqubo ezisimahla ezisemgangathweni kwaye ngekhe sibe neengxaki esinazo. Sifuna kwakhona "i-disk yokufaka ngokulula". Abahlobo bam abaninzi bandixelela ukuba "ukufaka iLinux kunzima kakhulu xa izahlulelo ziboyikisa." Asinguye wonke umntu onomdla wokufunda kunye nokukhangela kwiwebhu iititshala ezifunekayo (njengoko ndenzile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwenu), zisetyenziselwa u "ewe" "ngokulandelayo" "ndiyazamkela"…. yale nkqubo andifuni ukuyithetha okanye ndiyikhumbule. Ewe andiyisongi kwakhona. Imibuliso kuyo yonke i-ace.