ArchLinux offline pseudo-ufakelo inyathelo ngenyathelo

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndikhuphele i-ArchLinux ISO ukwenza ufakelo lwasekhaya. Ngaphambili bendikhe ndasebenzisa olunye ulwabiwo olukuvumela ukuba ufake ubuncinci kwisiseko sedatha esivela kwiCD, bendifuna ukwenza into efanayo, kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba inkqubo yokufaka iArch ayenzelwanga ikhompyuter engenakho ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi (iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zabaphuhlisi kwihlabathi lokuqala).

Kwimeko yam, bendisele ndinayo iWindows 7 (enesiqalo sayo kunye nokwahlulahlula inkqubo) kunye neFedora (notshintsho lwayo kunye nokwahlulahlulelwa / ukuqala kwayo) kwidiski yam. Umbono ke yayikukufaka iArch efakwe apho iFedora ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa iiWindows kwinkqubo.

I-ArchLinux ngaphandle kweintanethi ukufakelwa kobuxoki

Ewe, ndixhomile kwiArch CD, ndikhetha i-x86_64, kwaye ngaphandle kokuncama kakhulu indishiyile kwikhonsoli. Ndacinga, "Wow, aba bantu bazimisele ngokungabi yi-rookie distro ... kulungile, masidlale kunye emva koko sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni."

Ndidwelise umkhombandlela apho bendiza kubona ukuba akukho maxwebhu na kwaye ndafumanisa ukuba ngenene kukho isicatshulwa esinesikhokelo sokufaka esisiseko. Ndabhala into efanelekileyo ephepheni (andinaprinta ekhaya) ndasebenza.

Into yokuqala endiyenzileyo kukutshintsha ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo yaya kwiSpanish isuka eSpain, eyayilula kunokuba bendilindele (kukho into emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuba ziiakhawunti):

loadkeys es

Into elandelayo yayikukubeka idiski yangaphandle ukugcina ikopi ye-MBR kwimeko yeengxaki kunye nokugcina ulwazi olubalulekileyo endandinalo kwiFedora yam:

mkdir -p / mnt / tmp1 && mount / dev / sdb1 / mnt / tmp1 dd if = / dev / sda of = / mnt / tmp1 / mbr.bin bs = 512 count = 1

Ngethamsanqa iArch's LiveCD ixhasa i-NTFS kwaye ingene ngaphakathi Ubusuku bobusuku (MC), ke akukho xesha ndigqibile ukugcina lonke ulwazi.

Ndaye ke ndanyusa idiski, ndasusa isikhombisi sethutyana, ndasusa ngokwasemzimbeni idiski yangaphandle ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba "ne-cagastrophes" ezinokubakho.

umount /mnt/tmp1 && rmdir /mnt/tmp1

Ke ndiye ndafomatha izahlulelo zam, ndanyusa ingcambu kunye neesahlulelo, ndaye ndatshintsha ukutshintshela:

mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3 mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda6 mount / dev / sda6 / mnt mkdir -p / mnt / boot mount / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot swapon / dev / sda5

Inyathelo elilandelayo yayingumqobo wam wokuqala:

pacstrap /mnt base

I-Arch ngokwendalo izamile ukukhangela koovimba beenkcukacha kwesinye sezibuko, kwaye ingabinakho ukufumana nantoni na, yonke into umtya Into ayenzileyo yayikukudala ubume besikhombisi kwi / mnt, icwangciswe kakuhle, kodwa ngokucacileyo ayinanto.

Ngomnxeba, ndibuze abahlobo abambalwa abasebenzisa iArch ukuba akukho ndlela yokufaka ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi ubuncinci iiphakeji ezikwi-LiveCD, ngaphandle kokugcina ikopi kwidiski nokuba, kwaye bandixelele ukuba ubuncinci babengazi ukuba benze njani.

Ndifumene 'umngeni' wobuchwephesha onomdla, ndiye ndacinga, 'Ukuba iArch iyakwazi ukungena kwimowudi ye-LiveCD, kufanelekile ukuba ikwazi ukufaka kwi-hard drive ubuncinci kule ndlela inye,' ndizamile ukukopa iifayile kunye nokulandela yonke enye isifundo (notshintsho oluncinci olunqabileyo) ukubona okwenzekileyo:

rsync -avl / {bin, njl. igama lenginginya ln -sf / usr / share / zoneinfo / Cuba / etc / localtime locale-gen

Inyathelo elilandelayo yayingumqobo wam olandelayo:

mkinitcpio -p linux

Lo myalelo uvelise iimpazamo ezithile, emva kokufunda incwadi yemiyalelo kunye nomxholo weefayile /etc/mkinitcpio.conf y /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset, Ndiqonde ukuba lo myalelo awufumani fayile vmlinux-linux, ndiye ndacinezela Ctrl + D ukuphuma kwindawo chroot, kwaye ndakhangela nayiphi na ifayile ebonakala ngathi:

find / -type f -iname "*vmlinuz*"

Kwenzeka ukuba iArch's LiveCD inyuse iifayile zokuqala phantsi kwesikhombisi / sebenzisa /, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndizikhuphele kum / ukuqala / Ukuzibamba ziluncedo kwimeko yam yempambano:

cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/ [memtest,intel_ucode.img} / mnt / boot / cp / run / archiso / bootmnt / arch / boot / x86_64 / * / mnt / boot / arch-chroot / mnt

Njengenye impazamo endiyifumene ndizama i-mkinitcpio kukuba ileyibhile yokwahlulahlula ingcambu ayifumaneki, ndibhale phantsi i-UUID yayo (endiyichongileyo ndisebenzisa umthetho oblkid) ukuyisebenzisa ngomyalelo, ojongeka njengoku:

mkinitcpio -p linux -k /boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=d85938aa-83b8-431c-becb-9b5735264912

Ngeli xesha ulwakhiwo luphele ngempumelelo, kuphela ngezilumkiso ezimbalwa zeemodyuli ezingafumanekiyo, kodwa kwimeko yam zazingafuneki. Kwimeko apho ndakhe kwakhona i-fstab, kodwa ngeli xesha ndicacisa i-UUID:

genfstab -U -p / > /etc/fstab

Ndacinga: oh kulungile, ekugqibeleni inkqubela phambili. Kwaye ndaye ndaqhubeka nokutshintsha iphasiwedi kunye nokufaka i-bootloader.

i-passwd grub-install -target = i386-pc -recheck / dev / sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Okokugqibela, kwaye ukuze ndenze indlela, ndacinezela u-Ctrl + D kwakhona ukuphuma kwindawo enengcambu, ndadibanisa yonke into ndaza ndaqala kwakhona ukubona ukuba kwenzeke ntoni:

inani / mnt / boot umount / mnt reboot

Ikhompyuter iqale ngokutsha ibonisa imenyu yeGrub ngeArch (iiWindows azibonanga ndawo), ke ndiyikhethile kwaye yonke into ibonakala ngathi ilayishe kakuhle de ... inkqubo ibonakalise ukuba bekukho iimpazamo ekufuneka ndizijonge ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

journalctl -xb

Ukuhlalutya iimpazamo, ndabona ukuba uninzi alunakuhoywa, kodwa eyokugqibela ibingaqhelekanga, indixelela ukuba iplymouth ayifumaneki.

Ndikhawuleze ndacinga, 'Plymouth ??? Kutheni le nto i-heck iyenza imeko ye-boot boot ifuna into enje? Ayibonisi KISS kakhulu ukuyithetha. Ngokuqinisekileyo khange ndibeke, kwaye andiyidingi.

Kodwa ukuze isebenze, ndacinga: "Kulungile, kodwa ubuncinci kufuneka ibhekiswe kwifayile ethile, masibone ...":

find /etc -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i "plymouth"

Okumangalisayo kukuba, akukho fayile inombhalo "plymouth" eyavela kulawulo loqwalaselo. Ndacinga ngoko: «Owu, ke… uzinyanzela kunye nam? emva koko masibone ukuba uyithatha njani “inkanunu” ”(njengoko sisitsho eCuba), kwaye“ ndiyakhile ”i-plymouth kwasekuqaleni:

vi / usr / bin / plymouth chmod 755 / usr / bin / plymouth

Kwabo bazibuza ukuba ndibeka ntoni kule fayile, nanku umxholo ngokuqaqambileyo:

#! / bin / sh phuma

Ndiphinde ndaqala kwakhona ndilindele impazamo kwaye ... ngokumangalisayo, inkqubo yonwabile kukufumanisa ukuba "icandelo elibalulekileyo", kuba liyigqibile inkqubo yokuqalisa kwaye ngaphandle kokulibaziseka lingandishiyanga kwikhonsoli. Kuba andiwakholelwa amehlo am, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba "ndiyikhuphe" i-plymouth kwaye ndiyiqalele kwakhona, ukubona ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni:

rm -fr / usr / bin / plymouth yokuqalisa kwakhona

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngeli xesha le nkqubo yaqala cwaka ngaphandle kokucaphukisa ngokungabikho kukaPlymouth. (Andinamazwi)

Yongeza iWindows kwiGRUB

Kwaye emva koko ukongeza ukungena kweWindows kwiGRUB. Njengoko iindlela zesiko zazingasebenzi (indibaniselwano ye grub-mkconfig nge os-uphando kwakubonakala ngathi ayisebenzi kakuhle), ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndenze ungeno ngesandla, apho ndifuna ukufumana umtya we-Windows bootloader kunye ne-UUID yokwahlulahlula:

mkdir -p / mnt / winboot && mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / winboot grub-probe -target = hints_string / mnt / winboot / bootmgr grub-probe -target = fs_uuid / mnt / winboot / bootmgr

Oku kundibuyisele ngokulandelelana kwezi ntambo zimbini:

--hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1
DC788F27788EFF8E

Ngale ndlela ndiqinisekisile ukuba i-UUID ibuyile yayifana naleyo ifunyenwe kwisahlulelo xa kusenziwa umthetho blkid. Kwakudingeka ke ukungenisa ukungena kwegrub yesiko kunye nedatha echaziweyo:

vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Umxholo wayo:

#! / bin / sh exec umsila -n +3 $ 0 # Le fayile ibonelela ngendlela elula yokongeza ungeniso lwemenyu yesiko. Chwetheza nje imenyu # engenayo ofuna ukuyongeza emva kolu luvo. Lumka ungatshintshi # i 'exec umsila' umgca ongentla. menuentry "Microsoft Windows 7 SP1" -iklasi windows -class os {insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod ukukhangela_fs_uuid insmod ntldr ukukhangela --fs-uuid --set = ingcambu --hint-bios = hd0, msdos1 -hint-efi = I-hd0, msdos1 -hint-baremetal = ahci0, msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E ntldr / bootmgr}

Nje ukuba eli nyathelo ligqitywe, ndithathe isigqibo sokuseta iWindows njengenkqubo yokusebenza emiselweyo, ukuze umfazi wam angothuki kwaye umtshana wam angadlala iiBarbies zakhe xa esiza. Ngale nto ndiyilungiselele nje ifayile / etc / default / grub kwaye ndibeka igalelo lokumisela ngokungagqibekanga kunye nexesha lokuphela kwimizuzwana emi-3.

GRUB_DEFAULT = 2 GRUB_TIMEOUT = 3

Ihleli kuphela ukuvuselela ubumbeko lweGRUB kwakhona, kwaye uqalise kwakhona:

grub-mkconfig -o / boot / grub / grub.cfg ukuqala kwakhona

Ngethamsanqa, yonke into yahamba njengoko bekulindelwe. Ndikhethe ukungena kwiWindows kwaye kwaqala ukonwaba.

Ke njengoko ubona, ukuba ubuncinci i-ArchLinux offline pseudo-installation ingenziwa inyathelo ngenyathelo ngaphandle kokungena kwi-intanethi kuphela ngeCD, nangona kucacile ukuba, yintoni eya kufakwa kwidiski enzima yi-LiveCD, kodwa ubuncinci inako qalisa inkqubo, khuphela iifayile, kwaye usebenzise ezinye iinkqubo.

Ngethamsanqa, uSandy (KZKG ^ Gaara) wema kwaye wakopa iArch repo (endinombulelo ongazenzisiyo ngayo), ke ndiceba ukugqiba ukwenza ufakelo lokwenyani lwangaphandle ngaphandle kwexesha, kodwa eli iya kuba lelinye ibali. Into endinokukuqinisekisa ngayo kukuba ixesha elithile ngoku bendiphoswa lolu hlobo lokuzama ulonwabo kancinci. Ngapha koko, ukuba bendinexesha, unxibelelwano endlwini kunye neemeko ezithile zezinto eziqinisekisiweyo, ngekhe ndizame ukwenza ukuhanjiswa kwesiko ngokusekwe kwi-LFS, eya kuba yeyona projekthi imnandi ngakumbi. 😉