ArchLinux offline pseudo-ufakelo inyathelo ngenyathelo

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndikhuphele i-ArchLinux ISO ukwenza ufakelo ekhaya. Emva kokuba ndisebenzise ngaphambili ezinye izinikezelo ezikuvumela ukuba ufake ubuncinci isiseko esincinci ukusuka kwiCD, bendifuna ukwenza into efanayo, kodwa ngokumangalisayo inkqubo yofakelo lweArch ayenzelwanga ikhompyuter engakwaziyo ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi (iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga abaphuhlisi abahlala kwihlabathi lokuqala).

Kwimeko yam, bendisele ndinayo Windows 7 kwidiski yam (kunye ne-boot kunye ne-partition yenkqubo) kunye ne-Fedora (kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo kunye nokwahlula kwayo okuzinikeleyo / ukuqalisa). Umbono yayikukufaka iArch apho iFedora yayikhona ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa iWindows kwinkqubo.

Ufakelo lwe-ArchLinux ngaphandle kwe-intanethi

Ewe, ndiqale kwi-Arch CD, ndikhetha i-x86_64, kwaye ngaphandle kwe-ado eninzi yandishiya kwi-console. Ndacinga: "Wow, aba bafana bazimisele ngokungasasazwa kwabaqalayo ... kuhle kakhulu, masidlale umdlalo ngoko kwaye sibone ukuba kwenzekani."

Ndidwelise uluhlu apho bendikhona ukubona ukuba kukho na amaxwebhu kwaye ndafumanisa ukuba ngenene kukho isicatshulwa esinesikhokelo sofakelo olusisiseko. Ndabhala oko kwakubalulekile ephepheni (andinaprinta ekhaya) ndaza ndasebenza.

Into yokuqala endiyenzileyo kukutshintsha uyilo lwebhodi yezitshixo ukuya kwiSpanish ukusuka eSpain, eyaba lula kunokuba bendilindele (kukho nenye enika umdla ebizwa ngokuba sisi-accents):

loadkeys es

Into elandelayo yayikukunyusa idiski yangaphandle ukugcina ikopi ye-MBR kwimeko yeengxaki kwaye kwangaxeshanye ndigcine ulwazi olubalulekileyo endandinalo kwiFedora yam:

mkdir -p /mnt/tmp1 && nyusa /dev/sdb1 /mnt/tmp1 dd ukuba=/dev/sda ye=/mnt/tmp1/mbr.bin bs=512 count=1

Ngethamsanqa, i-Arch's LiveCD ixhasa i-NTFS kwaye idityanisiwe Umphathi ezinzulwini zobusuku (MC), ke ngexesha elifutshane ndigqibile ukugcina lonke ulwazi.

Ndaye ndothula i-drive, ndacima isikhombisi se-tem, kwaye ndasusa ngokwasemzimbeni i-drive yangaphandle ukunciphisa umngcipheko "wokuntlitheka."

umount /mnt/tmp1 && rmdir /mnt/tmp1

Ndiye ndafomatha izahlulelo zam, ndanyusa ingcambu kunye nezahlulo ze-boot, kwaye ndenza utshintsho:

mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3 mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda6 intaba / dev / sda6 / mnt mkdir -p / mnt / boot intaba / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot swapon / dev / sda5

Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba ngumqobo wam wokuqala:

pacstrap /mnt base

I-Arch ngokwemvelo yazama ukukhangela i-database yogcino kwesinye sezipili, kwaye xa ingafumani nanye, konke ekwenzileyo yayikukuba. umtya Into ayenzileyo kukudala ulwakhiwo lolawulo kwi/mnt, lucwangciswe kakhulu, kodwa lungenanto.

Ngomnxeba, ndabuza isibini sabahlobo abasebenzisa iArch ukuba akukho ndlela yokufaka ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ubuncinci iipakethi ezifanayo ezikwi-LiveCD, ngaphandle kokuba nendawo yokugcina ekhutshelwe kwidiski, kwaye bandixelela ukuba. ubuncinane Babengayazi indlela yokwenza oko.

Ndifumene "umngeni" wetekhnoloji unomdla, ndiye ndacinga ukuba: "ukuba iArch iyakwazi ukungena kwimodi ye-LiveCD, kufuneka ikwazi ukuyifaka kwi-hard drive ubuncinci kule ndlela inye", ndiye ndazama ukukopa ngesandla iifayile kwaye Ukulandela ezinye izifundo (kunye notshintsho oluncinci) ukubona ukuba kwenzeke ntoni:

rsync -avl / {bin, etc, ikhaya, lib, lib64, opt, ingcambu, sbin, srv, usr, var} /mnt arch-chroot / mnt genfstab -p / >> /etc/fstab echo hpc> /etc/ igama lenginginya ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Cuba/etc/localtime locale-gen

Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba ngumqobo wam olandelayo:

mkinitcpio -p linux

Lo myalelo wavelisa ezinye iimpazamo, emva kokufunda incwadi yomyalelo kunye nomxholo weefayile /etc/mkinitcpio.conf y /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset, Ndaqonda ukuba umyalelo awunakuyifumana ifayile vmlinux-linux, ndiye ndacinezela uCtrl+D ukuphuma kwindawo yechroot, kwaye ndajonga naziphi na iifayile ezijongeka ngathi:

find / -type f -iname "*vmlinuz*"

Kwenzeka ukuba iArch's LiveCD ikhuphe iifayile zokuqalisa phantsi kolawulo /baleka/, ngoko ndagqiba ekubeni ndizikhuphele kum /ibhutsi/ ukuba nazo ngaphakathi kwendawo yam yechroot:

cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/{memtest,intel_ucode.img} /mnt/boot/ cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/x86_64/* /mnt/boot/ arch-chroot /mnt

Kuba enye impazamo endiyifumeneyo ndizama i-mkinitcpio yayikukuba ileyibhile yolwahlulo lweengcambu ayifumanekanga, ndabhala phantsi i-UUID yayo (endiyichongileyo ndisebenzisa umyalelo we-blkid) ukuwusebenzisa nomyalelo, othe ekugqibeleni wakhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

mkinitcpio -p linux -k /boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=d85938aa-83b8-431c-becb-9b5735264912

Ngeli xesha ukwakhiwa kugqitywe ngempumelelo, kunye nezilumkiso ezimbalwa malunga neemodyuli ezingakhange zifumaneke, kodwa kwimeko yam bezingafunwa. Nje ukuba kunokwenzeka, ndihlaziye kwakhona i-fstab, kodwa ngeli xesha ndichaza i-UUID:

genfstab -U -p / > /etc/fstab

Ndacinga: oh ke, ekugqibeleni inkqubela. Kwaye ndiye ndaqhubeka nokutshintsha igama eligqithisiweyo kwaye ndafaka i-bootloader.

passwd grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Okokugqibela, kunye nokuba yindlela, ndicinezele uCtrl + D kwakhona ukuba ndiphume kwindawo ekroliweyo, ndothula yonke into kwaye ndiqale kwakhona ukubona ukuba kwenzeke ntoni:

umount /mnt/boot ukunyusa /mnt qala kwakhona

Ikhompyutheni iphinde yaqalwa kwakhona ibonisa imenyu yeGrub ngeArch (iWindows ayizange ibonakale naphi na), ngoko ndiyikhethile kwaye yonke into ibonakala ilayishwa kakuhle de ... inkqubo ibonise ukuba kwenzeke iimpazamo ukuba ndihlolisise lo myalelo ulandelayo:

journalctl -xb

Ukuhlalutya iimpazamo, ndabona ukuba uninzi lunokungahoywa, kodwa yokugqibela yayingaqhelekanga, kwaye yandixelela ukuba i-plymouth ayifumanekanga.

Ngokukhawuleza ndacinga, "Plymouth??? Kutheni emhlabeni into efana nale idinga indawo ehlala ibhutsi kwikhonsoli? Loo nto ayibonakali i-KISS kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo andikayifaki, kwaye andiyidingi.

Kodwa ukuze kube nokwenzeka, ndacinga ukuba: "Ewe, kodwa kufanele ukuba kubhekiselwe kwifayile ethile, makhe sibone ...":

find /etc -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i "plymouth"

Okumangalisayo kukuba, akukho fayile enombhalo othi "plymouth" ibonakala kuluhlu loqwalaselo. Emva koko ndacinga: "Ah, ngoko ... uza kundinyanzela?" Makhe sibone ukuba uyifaka njani 'i-cannon'" (njengoko sisitsho eCuba), kwaye "ndakha" iPlymouth ukusuka ekuqaleni:

vi /usr/bin/plymouth chmod 755 /usr/bin/plymouth

Kwabo bazibuzayo ukuba ndibeka ntoni na kule fayile, nanku umxholo ngokugqibeleleyo:

#! /bin/sh phuma

Ndiphinde ndaqalisa kwakhona ndilindele impazamo kwaye... okumangalisayo kukuba, i-systemd yayivuyile ukufumanisa ukuba "icandelo elibalulekileyo", kuba igqibile inkqubo yokuqalisa kwaye ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ngakumbi indishiye kwi-console. Kuba andizange ndiwakholelwe amehlo am, ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni "ndikhuphe" iPlymouth kwaye ndiqalise kwakhona, ukuze ndibone ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni:

rm -fr /usr/bin/plymouth reboot

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngeli xesha inkqubo yaqala kakuhle ngaphandle kokundicaphukisa ngokungabikho kukaPlymouth. (Andinamazwi)

Ukongeza iiWindows kwi-GRUB

Yahlala ke ukongeza ukungena kweWindows kwi-GRUB. Ekubeni iindlela zemveli azizange zisebenze (ukudibanisa grub-mkconfig nge os-uphando ikhangeleka ngathi ayisebenzi kakuhle), ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndenze into yokungena ngesandla, endiyidingayo ukubona umtya we-bootloader yeWindows kunye ne-UUID yolwahlulo lwe-boot:

mkdir -p /mnt/winboot && mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/winboot grub-probe --target=hints_string /mnt/winboot/bootmgr grub-probe --target=fs_uuid /mnt/winboot/bootmgr

Oku ngokulandelanayo kundibuyisele ezi ntambo zimbini:

--hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1
DC788F27788EFF8E

Ngale ndlela ndiye ndaqinisekisa ukuba i-UUID ibuyile iyafana nale ifunyenwe kweso sahlulelo xa kusenziwa umyalelo we-blkid. Yahlala ke ukuvelisa ukungena kwe-grub ngedatha ethethiweyo:

vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Kumxholo wayo:

#!/bin/sh exec tail -n +3 $0 # Le fayile ibonelela ngendlela elula yokongeza amangeno emenyu yesiko. Chwetheza ngokulula # ingeniso yemenyu ofuna ukuyongeza emva kolu luvo. Lumka ungatshintshi # umgca 'womsila' ongentla. imenyu "Microsoft Windows 7 SP1" --iifestile zeklasi --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod search_fs_uuid insmod ntldr search --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi= hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E ntldr /bootmgr }

Nje ukuba eli nyathelo ligqitywe, ndiye ndagqiba ekubeni ndisete iWindows njengenkqubo yokusebenza engagqibekanga, ukuze umfazi wam angothuki kwaye umtshana wam omncinci adlale iiBarbies zakhe xa esiza. Kule nto ndiyihlele ngokulula ifayile / etc / default / grub kwaye ndiseta igalelo ukuba liqalise ngokungagqibekanga kunye nexesha lokuphuma libe yimizuzwana emi-3 nje.

GRUB_DEFAULT=2 GRUB_TIMEOUT=3

Ekuphela kwento eshiyekileyo yayikukuhlaziya uqwalaselo lwe-GRUB kwakhona, kwaye uqalise kwakhona:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg reboot

Ngethamsanqa, yonke into yahamba njengoko bekulindelwe. Ndikhethe ukungena kweWindows kwaye kwaqala ngokonwaba.

Ke njengoko ubona, unokwenza ubuncinci ukufakwa kwe-Pseudo engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ye-ArchLinux inyathelo ngenyathelo ngaphandle kokungena kwi-intanethi kuphela ngeCD, nangona ngokucacileyo, into eza kufakwa kwi-hard drive ngokusisiseko yi-LiveCD, kodwa ubuncinci qala inkqubo, khuphela iifayile, kwaye usebenzise ezinye izicelo.

Ngethamsanqa, uSandy (KZKG ^ Gaara) wayeka kwaye wakopa i-Arch repo kum (endiyibulela kakhulu), ngoko ke kungekudala ndiceba ukugqiba ukwenza ufakelo lwangempela olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kodwa oku kuya kuba lelinye ibali. Into endikuqinisekisayo kukuba bendiluphosile kancinane olu hlobo lovavanyo lokuzonwabisa okwethutyana ngoku. Enyanisweni, ukuba ndibe nexesha, ukudibanisa ekhaya, kunye neemeko ezithile eziphathekayo eziqinisekisiweyo, mhlawumbi ndiza kuzama ukwenza ukusabalalisa ngokwesiko ngokusekelwe kwi-LFS, eya kuba yiprojekthi emnandi kakhulu. 😉