Umgangatho wobugcisa: Iindlela ezilungileyo kuphuhliso lweSoftware yasimahla

Njengazo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu esizakhayo, umgangatho wobugcisa (ukungabikho kokusilela kolwakhiwo), kwi phuhliso lwe software ikwangumba ophambili osisiseko kwi mpu melelo yalo

Yiyo loo nto yenza ifayile ye- uvavanyo inzulu kwaye iyaqhubeka umgangatho wobugcisa yemveliso ephuhlisiweyo, kule meko, ikakhulu código, yinto ephambili "sine qua non", ukuze inganeli nje ukuhlangabezana nenjongo eyenzelwe yona, kodwa ukuze ingabangeli ezinye iingxaki, ngenxa yokusilela kwayo umgangatho wobugcisa.

Umgangatho wobugcisa

Un Imveliso yesoftware o isixhobo sedijithali (isicelo, inkqubo, inkqubo) ephuculweyo kunye umgangatho wobugcisa iququzelela ukugcinwa kunye nokusebenza kwakhona nokuba yinxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo.

Nika kwaye ugcine umgangatho wobugcisa a Imveliso yesoftware, ayisiyonto ekufuneka yenziwe ngokulula, kuba isoftware iye yanamhlanje enye ye ii-asethi eziphambili kunye neenjongo zeqhinga zemibutho, kuba yonke imihla, ezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zezi kunye nokusinda kwazo ngokwakho, zixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwe isoftwe, nangaphezulu akukho ziphoso okanye iimpazamo kwimihla ngemihla.

"Umgangatho wobuchwephesha besixhobo sedijithali umiselwe kwinqanaba lokuba ukubhala ikhowudi yemvelaphi kunye nokwakhiwa kwesixhobo sedijithali akunaziphene kulwakhiwo olunokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okanye ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ikwalungiselela ukuqonda ekufundweni nasekuguqulweni Ikhowudi yonikezo". Uvavanyo lobuGcisa-Isikhokelo sokupapasha izixhobo zedijithali | Ikhowudi yoPhuculo loPhuculo lweBhanki yoPhuculo yaseMelika

Zeziphi iimpawu ezichaza umgangatho wobugcisa besoftware?

• Ukuzinza: Ukubonelela ngokusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemida enkulu yamaphepha-mvume.
• Ukuthwala: Ukubonelela ngokusebenza kweqonga elininzi, kugxilwe kwiinkqubo ezisebenza simahla.
• Isikali: Ukufumana amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yokwazisa malunga nokwenza izigqibo.
• Ukungasebenzi: Ukufumana unxibelelwano olwanelisayo kunye nezinye iimveliso zesoftware.
• Ukukhutshwa: Ukuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusebenzisa.

Ityala lobuchwephesha

Ke ngoko, kwihlabathi liphela uninzi iindlela, imigangatho, iinkqubo, imigaqo okanye iinkqubo ezilungileyo Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso nganye yesoftware eyenziweyo inelona nqanaba liphezulu lobuchwephesha, kwaye ayiqokeleli ngokuhamba kwexesha, naliphi na inqanaba letyala lobugcisa. Imigaqo, njengangaphambili ISO / IEC 9126 kunye yangoku ISO / IEC 25000. Iinkqubo, njengoko Sonaqube kunye neKhowudi yeKhowudi eNgcono. Iindlela okanye iinkqubo, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwe metrics uhlobo lwe Imiba yeBhlokhi o Imigca ephindiweyo.

"Xa isoftware yakhiwe, umahluko phakathi kwendlela ekufuneka yakhiwe ngayo ngokuchanekileyo (ngokwembono yobuchwephesha) kunye nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo iyaziwa njengetyala lobuchwephesha. Elo tyala, ukuba izinto azenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, liyakonyuka okanye liqokelele ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye liya kubangela ukuba lihlawule ngakumbi nangakumbi ukwenza imisebenzi emitsha okanye ukugcina nje isoftware. Ingathi sisibambiso esinikwe yibhanki". Umgangatho wobuchwephesha besoftware, into ephambili yempumelelo (ityala lobugcisa) | Ukunyuka

Iindlela ezilungileyo zomgangatho wobugcisa

Kwinqaku lethu, sithathe umzekelo Iindlela ezilungileyo ikhulelwe kwaye yaxelwa ngu "Ikhowudi yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso" del Ibhanki yeNtsebenzo yaseMelika, kububanzi be uvavanyo lobugcisa, ekufuneka yenziwe xa kuphuhliswa iimveliso zesoftware (izixhobo zedijithali), ngakumbi simahla kwaye zivulekile, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgangatho wobugcisa yalo

Phakathi iinkqubo ezilungileyo ezinikezelwa ngabo, zezi zikhankanywe ngezantsi:

• Bhala iiyunithi ezimfutshane zekhowudi: Ukuququzelela ukuqonda ikhowudi.
• Bhala iiyunithi ezilula zekhowudi: Ukulungiselela ukuqinisekiswa kwekhowudi.
• Bhala ikhowudi kube kanye: Ukunciphisa iimpazamo eziphindiweyo kunye nokuthintela utshintsho olwenziweyo.
• Gcina iindawo zokuqhuba zincinci: Ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwazo.
• Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyahlulwe kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo: Ukuququzelela utshintsho lwazo.
• Iperi yezixhobo zokwakha ngokukhululekileyo: Ukuthanda ukwahlulwa kwezinto.
• Gcina izinto zokwakha zilungelelene: Ukuququzelela ukuqonda ikhowudi.
• Gcina ikhowudi yakho encinci: Ukuququzelela ukugcinwa kwesoftware.
• Yenza uvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo: Ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi kunye nokuthintela iimpazamo.
• Bhala ikhowudi ecocekileyo: Ukuthintela ukuntsokotha kwikhowudi esele yenziwe.

Ukwandisa olu lwazi, kwifayile ye- Iindlela ezilungileyo kwimiba ye Uxwebhu kuphuhliso Software Free, nge "Ikhowudi yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso" del Ibhanki yeNtsebenzo yaseMelika ungacofa kwikhonkco elilandelayo: Uvavanyo lobuGcisa-Isikhokelo sokupapasha izixhobo zedijithali. Kwaye kwisithuba sokugqibela siza kuphonononga icandelo ekubhekiswa kulo iinkqubo ezilungileyo malunga ilayisenisi del Isoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo ngokwabo.

Okokugqibela, ukuba ufuna ukufunda inqaku lethu elidlulileyo elibiziweyo "Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuphuhlisa isoftware yasimahla nevulekileyo: Amaxwebhu"Cofa apha.

Isiphelo

Siyathemba ukuba yi "Uncedo oluncinci" malunga «Buenas prácticas» kumhlaba we «calidad técnica» Oku kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kuyo nayiphi na imveliso yesoftware ephuhlisiweyo, ngakumbi ukuba injalo «Software libre y abierto», Inomdla omkhulu kunye noluncedo, iyonke «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kunye negalelo elikhulu ekusasazekeni kwendalo emangalisayo, enkulu kunye nokukhula kwezicelo kunye «GNU/Linux».

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, sukuhlala ungathandabuzi ukutyelela nayiphi na Ilayibrari ekwi-Intanethi njengaye VulaLibra y IJedIT ukufunda Iincwadi (iiPDF) kwesi sihloko okanye abanye iinkalo zolwazi. Okwangoku, ukuba uyithandile le «publicación», Sukuyeka ukwabelana ngayo nabanye, kwi Iiwebhusayithi ozithandayo, amajelo, amaqela, okanye uluntu zonxibelelwano zentlalo, ngokukhethekileyo zisimahla kwaye zivulekile njenge IMododon, okanye ukhuselekile kwaye uyimfihlo ngathi yocingo.

Okanye tyelela nje iphepha lasekhaya apha UkusukaLinux okanye ujoyine iShaneli esemthethweni Umnxeba ovela kwiDesdeLinux ukufunda nokuvota oku okanye ezinye iimpapasho ezinomdla «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» kunye nezinye izihloko ezinxulumene «Informática y la Computación»kunye «Actualidad tecnológica».