Sebenzisa dd command

Umyalelo we-dd (iDataset Definition) sisixhobo esilula, esiluncedo, nesimangalisayo sokusebenzisa lula; Ngesi sixhobo unokwenza okufanayo, kwizixhobo: iidiski kunye nezahlulelo, njengeenkqubo zorhwebo ezinjengeNorton Ghost, kwiWindows okanye iinkqubo zasimahla ezinjengeCloneZilla, kwiLinux, ngomgca nje omfutshane womyalelo.

Is syntax esisiseko:

Esona syntax sisisiseko sokusebenzisa dd iya kuba yile:

sudo dd if=origen of=destino

Phi ukuba ""ifayile yokufaka = ifayile yokufaka", Oko kukuthi, into ofuna ukuyikopa kwaye yeendlela "imveliso ifayile = imveliso yefayile", Oko kukuthi, ifayile yendawo ekuya kuyo (apho idatha iya kukhutshelwa khona);Imvelaphi kunye Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo inokuba zizixhobo (zokufunda iCD okanye iDVD, idiski enzima, ifloppy diski, ipendrive, izahlulelo, njl. Njl.

Ukusetyenziswa okuthe tye kwalo myalelo, into yokuqala ihlala icacile malunga nokuba zeziphi izahlulelo / iidrive ezinzima ezibizwa kwiLinux (/ dev / sda1 umzekelo; / dev ivela kwisixhobo = isixhobo, ngesiNgesi). ukwazi imvelaphi kunye nendawo yediski / isahlulelo, into esinokuyifumana ngokulula ngomyalelo sudo fdisk -lo ngenkqubo yokwahlula umzobo njenge gparted. Lonke ulwazi malunga nomyalelo we-dd unokubonisana nalo myalelo man dd kunye nolwazi dd,

Lo myalelo kufuneka usetyenziswe ngononophelo, kwaye uhlala ujonga iodolo kunye negama leediski / izahlulelo, kuba kanye njengoko idiski yenziwe, iyayicima kwi-jiffy.

I-syntax ngomyalelo we-pv: Sebenzisa i-dd command kunye ne-syntax yangaphambili ine-drawback encinci, kuba ngumyalelo ogcinwe kakhulu-awunikeli lwazi-kuba xa isenziwa, i-terminal ekhawulezileyo ihlala ingahambelani, ke asazi kwenzeka ntoni kwaye kushiyeke ixesha elingakanani ukuze igqibe ukwenza. Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kunokusonjululwa ngokongeza i-pv yomyalelo, (*) - osebenza njengombhobho wesiphelo olinganisa idatha edlulayo kuyo - kwis syntax yomyalelo we-dd, ukuze ngoku is syntax ibe:

dd if=origen |pv|dd of=destino

Ngenxa yoko, siya kufumana uhlobo lwenkqubela phambili yesiphelo kwi-terminal, ulwazi malunga nee-byte ezigqithisiweyo, ixesha elisebenza ngalo kunye nenqanaba lokudlulisa, konke ngexesha lokwenyani.

(alf) - (~) d dd ukuba = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd ye = / dev / mmcblk0p2 1,630GB 0:21:30 [1,12MB / s] [

Ukugqitywa kwayo, kusibonisa ubalo lwenqanaba lotshintshiselwano, ii-byte zizonke ezihanjisiweyo kunye nexesha lilonke elithathileyo lokuhambisa yonke idatha.

(alf) - (~) └──┤ dd if = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd of = / dev / mmcblk0p2 10530816 + 0 amarekhodi afundiweyo I-10530816 MB / s 0GB 5391777792:5.4:3873,48 [1,4MB / s] [<=> 5,02 + 1 iirekhodi ezifundwayo s (alf) - (~) └──┤

(*) Jonga ngaphambi kokwenza nawuphi na umgca wokuyalela ngale syntax yesibini, ukuba sinayo ipvp efakwe kwinkqubo, okanye siyifakele ukuba asinayo: zombini ngeSynaptic.

Masibone eminye imizekelo esebenzayo kunye nokukhethwa kwalo myalelo (kuhlobo lwayo ngobuqili obuchazwe ngaphambili ngomyalelo we-pv):

A) Malunga nokuqhuba kanzima kunye neesahlulelo:

= Qhagamshela i-hard drive:

Ngale nto siza kuyidibanisa idiski ye-hda kwi-hdb. (Ii-IDE zeediski):

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M

Ngale nto siza kuyidibanisa idiski ye-sda kwi-sdb. (Iidiski zeSATA):

sudo dd if=/dev/sda |pv|dd of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

Ngokhetho bs = 1M, kuyaphunyezwa ukuba zombini ukufunda nokubhala kwenziwa ngebhlokhi eyi-1 megabyte, (ngaphantsi, kungacotha kodwa kukhuseleke ngakumbi, kwaye nangakumbi sibeka emngciphekweni wokuphulukana nedatha apha endleleni).

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ngale ndlela idiski irekhodwa "njengoko injalo", MBR, itafile yokwahlula, indawo engenanto, njl ..., ukuze urekhode kuphela kwidiski efanayo okanye enkulu.

= Bhala kuphela isahlulelo sokuqala (hda1) sediski yomthombo kwidiski ekuyiwa kuyo (hdb):

sudo dd if=/dev/hda1 |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M

= Tshisa yonke idiski (hda) kwisahlulelo sokuqala (hdb1) sediski ekuyiwa kuyo:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb1 bs=1M

= Yenza umfanekiso-unokuba ngumgqomo okanye iso-ukusuka kwidiski enzima (hda), kulawulo lwasekhaya:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/hda.bin

= Cima ngokupheleleyo ulwazi kwidiski: ukwenza oku, gcwalisa idiski ngabalinganiswa abangahleliyo, amaxesha amahlanu. Akuyi kubakho mkhondo wolwazi kwidiski:

for n in {1..5}; do dd if=/dev/urandom |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=8b conv=notrunc;

= Cima ulwahlulo kunye nediski epheleleyo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdx (Ukucima idiski epheleleyo)

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdxa (Ukucoca iDisk)

apho: x yidiski ukuba icinywe, isahlulelo sokucima

Lo msebenzi uluncedo kakhulu ekucimeni ngokupheleleyo naluphi na ulwahlulo, ukongeza idatha eya kucinywa ayinakufunyanwa, ke kwinqanaba elisezantsi kwaye likhuselekile kakhulu, iluncedo kakhulu umzekelo xa iipendrives zisulelwa zintsholongwane ngewindows zethu ezithandekayo. .

B) Kwi CD / DVD

= Yenza / Nyusa umfanekiso .iso kwiCD (okanye kwiDVD)

Ukwenza umfanekiso .iso weCD kulawulo lwasekhaya:

sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/imagendeCD.iso

Ukunyusa umfanekiso .iso kwiCD:

sudo mount -o loop imagedeCD.iso /mnt/home

= Ukufumana kwakhona iDVD ekratshiweyo (Oku akuyibuyisi yonke iDVD, kule meko kuphela ngamacandelo afundekayo). Kuyafaneleka nakwiidrive hard drive:

sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/dvd_recuperado.iso conv=noerror,sync

Inketho ye-noerror isetyenziselwa ukunqanda iimpazamo zokufunda kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

C) Malunga ne-MBR kunye neVBS:

= Khuphela / Buyisela iRekhodi ye-Master Boot Record (MBR):

Ukukopa i-MBR:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=mbr count=1 bs=512

Ukubuyisela i-MBR:

sudo dd if=mbr |pv|dd of=/dev/hda

= Coca i-MBR yethu kunye netafile yokwahlula:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1

= Coca i-MBR kodwa ungachukumisi itafile yokwahlula, (iluncedo kakhulu ukucima i-GRUB ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha kwizahlulelo):

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=446 count=1

= Khuphela / Buyisela iCandelo leBoot Boot (VBS):

Ukukopa iVBS:

sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/sector_arranque_hda count=1 bs=512

Ukubuyisela iVBS:

sudo dd if=/home/sector_arranque_hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hda

D) Abanye:

= Tshisa umfanekiso wediski kulawulo lwethu / lwasekhaya, ukutsiba iimpazamo zediski (ziluncedo kakhulu kwiidiski ezifayo):

sudo dd conv=noerror if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=~/home/imagen_disco_con_errores.iso

= Yenza ifayile ye-1 Mb engenanto:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=archivo_nuevo_vacio bs=1024 count=1024

= Yenza ifayile yokutshintsha eyi-2Gb:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/swapspace bs=4k count=2048M
mkswap /swapspace
swapon /swapspace

= Guqula bonke oonobumba babe ngonobumba abakhulu:

sudo dd if=miarchivo |pv|dd of=miarchivo conv=ucase

Sebenzisa umyalelo we-dd ngenkqubo yendalo esingqongileyo: I-Gdiskdump, yindawo yemizobo yalo myalelo we-dd oququzelela umsebenzi we clone izahlulelo okanye iidiski, ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. Inokukhutshelwa kwiphepha https://launchpad.net/gdiskdump/ Nje ukuba siyivule, kunye neemvume zengcambu - Sudo gdiskdump -, siyabona ukuba le nkqubo kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kuba kufuneka siyixelele nje ukwahlula okanye idiski ukuze yenze (ifomathi yokufaka) kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo (ifomathi yokuPhuma).