Sebenzisa ifayile njengememori eguqulwayo (SWAP)

umbhali: UMaikel Llamaret Heredia Kuthunyelwe kwindawo ye UMGUDLA.

Kudala, GNU / Linux, ibinomda ekusebenziseni ukwahlula inkumbulo enye ubuninzi be 128 MB, Into egxekwa kakhulu ngabachasi besiseko seLinus Torvalds.

Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje akukho mda unjalo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise inkumbulo eguqulweyo njengoko kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo nayiphi na inkqubo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokufaka inkqubo yethu sizifumana sinesidingo sokwandisa imemori SWAP ebesiyilungiselele ngexesha lofakelo, into enokwenziwa ngendlela elula ngokwandisa ubungakanani besahlulelo esikhethwe kwezi njongo. Kodwa ... Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba awufuni ukubamba itafile yokwahlulahlula?

Yintoni i-SWAP kwaye isebenza njani?

Indawo yokutshintsha imemori okanye Shintsha, yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yimemori ebonakalayo. Umahluko phakathi kwememori yokwenyani kunye neyokwenyani kukuba imemori ebonakalayo isebenzisa indawo yediski enzima endaweni yemodyuli yememori.

Xa imemori yokwenyani iphela, inkqubo ikopa eminye yemixholo yayo ngqo kule ndawo yememori eguqulweyo ukuze yenze eminye imisebenzi.

Sebenzisa i-SWAP kunenzuzo yokubonelela ngememori eyongezelelweyo efunekayo xa imemori yokwenyani iphelile kwaye inkqubo kufuneka yenziwe. Icala elisezantsi kukuba ngenxa yokusebenzisa isithuba kwidiski enzima, ukusetyenziswa kwediski enzima kuhamba kancinci.

Sebenzisa ifayile njengememori eguqulweyo.

Le ndlela ayifuni ukwenza utshintsho kwitheyibhile yokwahlulahlula idiski. Ilungele abasebenzisi abangenamava, kwabo bafuna ukunqanda ukuthatha umngcipheko xa betshintsha itafile yokwahlulahlula i-hard drive yabo, okanye abo bafuna ngaphezulu kokutshintsha inkumbulo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ifayile eguqulweyo ingabekwa nakweyiphi na incwadi kwi-hard disk, umthetho uyenziwa dd, icacisa ukuba izero ziya kubhalwa (ukuba = / dev / zero) ukwenza ifayile / tshintsha (ye = / tshintsha), kwiibhloko ezili-1024 byte (bs = 1024) kude kube kugqityiwe inani elithile kwi-byte (ukubala = [ubungakanani obuphindwe ngexabiso le-bs)). Lo mzekelo ulandelayo wenza oku kungasentla kude kugqitywe ii-byte ezingama-524288000 (zahlulwe ngo-1024 zilingana no-512MB):

Ukwenza ifayile esiza kuyisebenzisa njenge-SWAP, siya kuvula ikhonsoli kwaye sichwetheze oku kulandelayo (njengengcambu):

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=512000

Eli nyathelo lingasentla lingathatha imizuzwana embalwa, nceda ube nomonde. Emva koko, ukufomatha ifayile eyenziweyo njengememori eguqulweyo, siya kuwenza umyalelo mtshintshi, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (rhoqo njengengcambu):

mkswap /swap

Uya kubuyiselwa kunye nemveliso kwikhonsoli efana nale ilandelayo:

Ukuseta uhlobo lwe-swapspace 1, ubungakanani = 511996 KiB akukho ilebheli, UUID = fed2aba5-77c6-4780-9a78-4ae5e19c506b

Ukwenza ulwahlulelo lusebenze kwangoko yinkqubo yokusebenza, yenza lo myalelo utshintshe. Kwimeko yethu siza kusebenza njengotshintsho lwenkumbulo eguqulweyo / yokutshintsha ifayile esiyenzileyo kunye nefomathi ye-SWAP kumanyathelo angaphambili:

swapon /swap

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile entsha eguqulweyo iyasetyenziswa yinkqubo yokusebenza, siya kuwuphumeza kwakhona umthetho khulula kwaye siya kubona ukuba umthamo wefayile entsha wongezwe kwimemori yokuqala ye-SWAP.

Ukuze le fayile isetyenziswe njengememori yokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-boot system elandelayo, siya kuhlela  / etc / fstab (usebenzisa i-nano, gedit, kate, kwrite, vim okanye umhleli wombhalo ocacileyo owukhethileyo), ukongeza umgca ohambelanayo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, apho endaweni yesixhobo, indlela yefayile yokutshintsha eyenziweyo ibekwe:

Sivula ifayile

nano /etc/fstab

Kwaye siyongeza:

/swap         swap      swap     defaults               0 0

Ilungile !!!!

Singaqala kwakhona inkqubo kwaye sivavanye ukuba inkumbulo yethu yokutshintsha inyukile ngokusetyenziswa kwefayile entsha QHUBA. Eyona nto siyenzileyo kukwenza ifayile kwiingcambu zenkqubo, yifomathile SWAP kwaye uxelele yethu GNU / Linux ukuyisebenzisa njengememori yokutshintsha, kunye nokwahlulahlula esele sinako ukulungiselela le njongo.

Into elula kodwa enokusetyenziselwa uninzi lwethu ... Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka ...