Uyifaka njani i-web server nge-Nginx + MySQL + PHP5 + APC + Spawn_FastCGI [Inxalenye yokuqala: Ukunikezelwa]

Kungekudala sikhankanyile ukuba ngoku i-DesdeLinux (zonke iinkonzo zayo) iyangena Iiseva zeGNUTransfer.com. Ibhlog iphucule kakhulu ngokwesantya, ubumanzi, kwanaxa sisiya ekubeni (emva kokudibana kweLsemuxngaphezulu kokutyelelwa kwe-30.000 yonke imihla (phantse abasebenzisi be-200 badityaniswe ngaxeshanye). Ungakufezekisa njani ukusebenza kweseva elungileyo nangalo mthamo wetrafikhi?

Okwangoku uBulungisa (i-VPS apho ibhlog kunye nenye inkonzo) ine-3GB ye-RAM, nangona ingaphantsi kwe-500MB isetyenzisiwe, oku kunokwenzeka ngokhetho oluchanekileyo lwesoftware oyisebenzisayo kunye noqwalaselo olwaneleyo lwazo. Umzekelo, i-Apache ngokungathandabuzekiyo inkulu emhlabeni, i-No.1 xa kusiziwa ekubambeni, kodwa ngenxa yeso sizathu i-Apache ayisoloko iyindlela elungileyo. Xa ukugcwala kwabantu kuphezulu kwaye izixhobo zeseva azinkulu kangako (Ex: 8 okanye 16GB ye-RAM) I-Apache inokusebenzisa kakhulu i-RAM ukwenza iserver ngamanye amaxesha ithathe ixesha elide ukuphendula, okanye okubi ngakumbi, ukuba indawo yethu ayixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi izixhobo ezingonelanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto uninzi lwethu lukhetha i-Nginx ngaphezulu kwe-Apache.

nginx:

Sele sikuxelele malunga neNginx ngaphambili kwinqaku I-Nginx: Enye into enomdla kwi-Apache, apho sikuxelela ukuba ngumncedisi wewebhu njenge-Apache, LightHttpd okanye iCherokee, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-Apache iyabonakala ngokusebenza kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwehardware ephantsi, kanye ngenxa yeso sizathu iisayithi ezininzi ezinje ngeFacebook, MyOpera.com, iDropBox okanye iWindowsPress .com sebenzisa i-Nginx endaweni ye-Apache. Kwilizwe leLinux ukusukela kwiLinux ayisiyiyo kuphela esebenzisa i-Nginx, ngokokwazi kwam, i-emsLinux kunye neMuyLinux bayayisebenzisa 🙂

Amava am obuqu nge-Nginx abuyela kwiminyaka eliqela, xa kuphume isidingo ndiye ndaqala ukukhangela ezinye iindlela ezingasindi ku-Apache. Ngeli xesha i-Nginx yayikwinguqulelo engu-0.6 kwaye ukuhambelana kwayo neendawo ezifuna kakhulu ezenziwe kwi-PHP yayingeyiyo eyeyona ilungileyo, kodwa namhlanje ukusuka kuhlobo 0.9 ukubheka phambili (v1.2.1 iyafumaneka kwiDebian Stable, v1.4.2 iyafumaneka kwiArchLinux) iphucule kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga ngoqwalaselo olululo kunye nomanyano lweNginx + PHP yonke into izakusebenza njengekhubalo.

Kolu luhlu lwezifundo Ndiza kusebenzisa inginxu version 1.2.1-2.2, Iyafumaneka kwi-Debian Stable repos (Wheezy).

I-PHP5:

I-PHP, olo lwimi lwenkqubo uninzi lweziza (kunye ne-CMS) olusebenza nazo namhlanje, ngokokubona kwam, izimvu ezimnyama zosapho. Ngamanye amagama, kumava am obuqu, iisayithi ezinkulu, ezinomthamo omkhulu wokundwendwela, kunye nezinto ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo, imisebenzi, njl.njl., Ukuba indawo enjalo yenziwe kwi-PHP iya kudla izixhobo ezingaphezulu kwendawo efanayo, umzekelo, kwiRoR. Amava am kukuba abantu, i-PHP yinyoka enkulu yezixhobo, i-PHP + i-Apache yanele ukuginya amakhulu kunye ne-MB ye-RAM ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenyani.

Isizathu sokungasebenzisi iRoR, i-Django okanye omnye umntu kukuba i-DesdeLinux (ibhlog yethu, iflegi yethu) isebenza neWordPress, i-CMS ephuhliswe nge-PHP esinika intuthuzelo eninzi, esingacingi ukuyitshintsha ixesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi, ngokunyanisekileyo, iWindowsPress nokuba ayigqibekanga isisebenzela into esiyifunayo kwaye mhlawumbi nangaphezulu.

Ngokubhekisele kwi-PHP, kwezi tutorials ndiza kuyisebenzisa Inguqulelo ye-PHP 5.4.4-14 iyafumaneka kwiDebian Wheezy (Esitalini)

I-Spawn_FastCGI:

Oku kunokuthiwa yinto edibanisa i-Nginx ne-PHP, oko kukuthi, nokuba ngaba bane-PHP5 package efakiweyo ukuba abanayo i-Spawn_FastCGI efakiweyo kwaye yenziwe xa bevula indawo kwi-PHP isikhangeli siyakukhuphela ifayile, ayizukubonisa kubo nantoni na eyenziweyo .php icwangcisiwe kuba umncedisi akayazi indlela yokwenza iifayile ze-.php, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufaka kunye nokumisela i-Spawn_FastCGI.

Ukuba sisebenzise i-Apache iya kuba yinto elula njengokufaka iphakheji ye-libapache2-mod-php5 kodwa kuba sisebenzisa i-Nginx kuya kufuneka sifake iphakheji ye-spawn-fcgi endaweni yoko. Kwakhona, kwisifundo ndiza kuchaza ukuba usenza njani iscript esitsha kwi /etc/init.d/ ukuze ukwazi ukusilawula kakuhle.

I-MySQL:

Oku kunokuba ngumbuzo omkhulu okanye mhlawumbi, kwabanye, inqaku elingalunganga. Abaninzi endibaziyo baya kundibuza umbuzo: kutheni usebenzisa i-MySQL hayi iMariaDB?

Into kukuba andinalo ixesha eloneleyo lokuzinikezela ekwenzeni ukufuduka ngalo mzuzu ukusuka kwi-MySQL ukuya eMariaDB, imfuduko ethi ithiyori kufuneka ibonakalise wonke umntu, i-100% ihambelane nayo yonke into, kodwa yile… njengoko benditshilo , kwiingcamango. Ngeli xesha ndiqala ukushenxisa iinkonzo ze-FromLinux ukusuka kwi-VPS enye ukuya kwenye kuye kwafuneka ndishiye i-Apache ngasemva kwaye ndisebenzise i-Nginx, oku kuchaza iifayile zoqwalaselo ezahlukeneyo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhengeza i-VHosts, ukufakwa kunye noqwalaselo ukusuka ekuqaleni kweseva kunye neenkonzo zayo, hayi ngelo xesha ukongeza omnye umsebenzi kuluhlu, kwaye ndinyanisekile, nditshintshe i-Apache ye-Nginx kuba i-Apache ayizanelisanga iimfuno zam, nangona kunjalo, i-MySQL ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iyazanelisa iimfuno zam nge-100%, andiziboni izizathu zokuba ngalo mzuzu ndi uwonyusile umthwalo wam ngokutshintsha into esele indisebenzele kakuhle.

Nje ukuba ndicacise ukuba kutheni ndingakhange ndifake uMariaDB, ndicacisa kananjalo ukuba uninzi lwewebhusayithi zifuna isiseko sedatha yokusebenza kwabo, kuba kulapho ulwazi oluninzi (okanye phantse zonke) ziya kugcinwa khona. Kukho abanye abathanda iPostgre okanye omnye umntu, kolu ngcelele lwezifundo ndiza kuchaza ukuba njani faka i-MySQL kwaye ulungiselele abasebenzisi abahlukeneyo kwindawo nganye.

La Inguqulelo ye-MySQL endiza kuyisebenzisa yi-v5.5.31

I-APC:

I-APC sisilungisi se-PHP (icaciswe ngokulula). Iyasivumela ukuba siqwalasele ngokufanelekileyo ukuba inkqubo ye-PHP isebenza ngcono, ukuba iimpendulo ezivela kwiseva ziyakhawuleza.

Kukho ezinye iindlela ezinjenge memcache nangona kunjalo, bendihlala ndisebenzisa i-APC kwaye bendineziphumo ezihle kakhulu. Ndincoma ukufunda eli nqaku ngesiNgesi: Ukuthelekisa i-APC kunye neMemcache njenge-cache yendawo ekuyo

Ndiza kusebenzisa kwisifundo uguqulelo lwe I-php-apc v3.1.13 ikwafumaneka kwi-Debian Stable repos.

Ukushwankathela:

Le ndlela yokufaka isetwork yewebhu ayisiyiyo eyeyona ilungileyo okanye engaphantsi kakhulu, umzekelo uninzi luya kuyincoma iVarnish, ethi kule ndiyifundileyo yenze imimangaliso yokwenyani kuba yonke into okanye phantse yonke into igcinwe, kodwa, kwimeko yethu asenzi njalo. sifuna ukuba i-100% yendawo ihlale igcinwe kuba asifuni okanye sifuna ukuya kokugqithileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ndiyacacisa, njengoko benditshilo apha ngasentla: "ngokokufika kwam endikufundileyo", mna ngokobuqu khange ndisebenzise iVarnish kude kube namhla, ke andinakukunika umbono weenjongo ezili-100.

Olu iya kuba luthotho lwezifundo apho ndiza kukubonisa indlela yokufaka iserver yewebhu njengaleyo ibanjwe yiLinux ngoku (ibhlog, iforum, uncamathisela, njl. Ibhlog inee-30.000 zokutyelelwa yonke imihla, phantse abasebenzisi be-200 bayifumana ngaxeshanye, kwaye ke i-RAM ayidluli kwi-500MB esetyenzisiweyo, oku kwezinye kunokuba kukusebenzisa kakhulu kodwa ... hee, sine-3GB ye-RAM, ingaphantsi kwama-500MB (apho kubandakanya i-FTP, i-SSH, njl.) ilungile ngenene? 🙂

Yonke 'imilingo' ayenziwa nje yiNginx + Spawn_FastCGI + APC, inkqubo yethu yokugcina i-blog ilungiswe kakuhle kwaye imigaqo yeNginx ichanekile, oku kwenza ukuba ibhlog nokuba ifumana inkqubo yezothutho ingaphantsi kwe-PHP kunale njengesiqhelo, njengoko sele igcinwe kakhulu. Ukuba unesiza esineemfuno eziphezulu kwaye unengxaki yokufumana izixhobo, ndincoma kakhulu ukuba ufunde ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo ye-cache eza kusebenza kakuhle kuwe, yeyiphi eya kulungela iimfuno zakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba uza kuzifumana ezi tutorials zinomdla, kuzo nganye yazo ndiza kuzama ukucacisa yonke into ngendlela ebanzi, eneenkcukacha kwaye elula ngendlela enokwenzeka.

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