Fumana uninzi lwe-router yakho nge-OpenWrt: inkululeko engenazingcingo

www.openwrt.org // #openwrt@Freenode

I-OpenWrt ulwabiwo GNU / Linux ngenxa ye I-Debian GNU / Linux esivumela ukuba sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zobugcisa ze-router yethu ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa esinokukunika kunye ne-firmware efakwe umenzi kuyo.

Ukuba sifuna I-OpenWrt kwi Wikipedia Singafunda:

«I-OpenWrt lusasazo olusekwe kwi-firmware ye-GNU/Linux esetyenziselwa izixhobo ezizinzisiweyo njengeerotha zobuqu.
Inkxaso yayinqunyelwe ekuqaleni kwimodeli ye-Linksys WRT54G, kodwa ekubeni inkxaso yayo yokwandisa ngokukhawuleza yongezwa kwabanye abavelisi kunye nezixhobo, kuquka i-Netgear, i-D-Link, i-ASUS kunye nabanye abambalwa. Eyona ndlela idumileyo iseyi-Linksys WRT54G kunye ne-ASUS WL500G. I-OpenWrt Isebenzisa ubukhulu becala ujongano lwelayini yomyalelo, kodwa ikwanayo nojongano oluqhubekayo lweWEB. Inkxaso yobuchwephesha inikezelwa njengakuninzi lweeprojekthi zeSoftware zasimahla, ngeeforam kunye nejelo layo le-IRC.

Uphuhliso lwe I-OpenWrt Iqale yakhuthazwa ngokubulela kwilayisenisi ye-GPL, eyabophelela bonke abo bavelisi bahlengahlengiso kwaye baphucula ikhowudi ukuba bayikhulule kwaye babe negalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiprojekthi ngokubanzi.

Kancinci kancinci isoftware iye yakhula kwaye iimpawu ziye zaphunyezwa ukuba abaninzi abanye abavelisi bezixhobo zorhwebo kwicandelo elingengabo abachwephesha abanalo, njengeQoS, VPN kunye nezinye izinto ezibonelela. I-OpenWrt yesixhobo esinamandla ngokwenene nesisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, esilungele ukusebenzisa ihardware apho isebenza khona I-OpenWrt hayi nje ukuzisebenzisa njengee-router, kodwa njengeeseva zefayile, ii-P2P node, iiseva ze-WEBcam, i-firewall okanye i-VPN yokungena kwiisango.

I-OpenWrt kunye ne-dd-wrt

Ukongeza kwi I-OpenWrt are dd-wrt eyifolokhwe yomntu wesithathu I-OpenWrt ngenjongo yokunikezela ngemveliso yorhwebo; Ngale ndlela unokuthenga iirotha nge-firmware dd-wrt esele ifakwe kwaye ikwahlawule inkxaso yolondolozo kunye neziganeko kuzo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe- I-OpenWrt y dd-wrt kukuba le yokugqibela ayinayo ikhonsoli yofikelelo lweqokobhe, ayikuxhasi ukufakwa kwesoftware entsha kwaye ngokwesiseko yinguqulelo yorhwebo ye. I-OpenWrt esondele kakhulu kwi-firmware ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo zinokuvela kumzi-mveliso kodwa zineempawu zayo ezinamandla.

Ezinye zeengongoma ezibalaseleyo dd-wrt ikujongano lomsebenzisi kuba inomtsalane ngakumbi kunolo lwe I-OpenWrt kunye nezicelo ezikhazimlisiweyo ezijolise kubasebenzisi bokugqibela hayi abalawuli benkqubo okanye abantu abazonwabisa.

Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba ngokubanzi i-firmware ye dd-wrt Ikumgca ofanayo ne-'stable' firmware ye I-OpenWrt kwaye ke ngoko ngasemva ngokubhekiselele kwinguqulelo yophuhliso ethi, ukunyaniseka, isebenza ngokumangalisayo kwaye okwangoku iqinile njengelitye, andizange ndibe neengxaki.

Nangona ekuboneni kuqala dd-wrt ayibonakali inika umdla njenge I-OpenWrt Kulungile ukuyigcina engqondweni kwezo meko apho kungekho firmware I-OpenWrt kwisixhobo sethu okanye sifuna ukuba nojongano oluhle ngakumbi olulungele umsebenzisi ophakathi.

Zombini iiprojekthi I-OpenWrt y dd-wrt Ngamnye unoluntu olukhulu olugcina zombini iiprojekthi kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo, olusiqinisekisa ngenkxaso yexesha elide. Olu luntu luvulekile kwaye lunobuhlobo, nangona ngaphambi kokwenza umbuzo umsebenzisi ecelwa ukuba afunde amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwaye ajonge kwakhona i-wiki kunye neeforamu kuba kuqinisekileyo ukuba umbuzo wabo sele ubuziwe kwaye uphendulwe ngaphambili.

Ewe kunjalo, imibuzo efana no "Ndifake i-openwrt kwaye akukho nto isebenzayo, yintoni endiyenzayo" ayamkelekanga kwaye iya kubangela ukuba abantu abangaphezu komnye, ubuncinane, bachaze ukuba yonke into isonjululwe Isudo rm -rf / kwaye ungenisa igama lokugqitha lakho >=D

Iimpawu ze I-OpenWrt

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa I-OpenWrt zininzi:

1. Yimini distro esebenza ngokupheleleyo, "mini" apha ithetha ukuba:

a) unenani eliqingqiweyo lepakethe ezikhoyo
b) yenzelwe ukuba ibe yincinci ngokusemandleni kwaye sinokuyifaka kwiindawo zokugcina ezincinci (kangange 2mb!) Kwaye iphinde isebenze kunye ne-MIPS CPUs ye-300mhz kuphela.

1. Iimodyuli zeWifi ziphuculwe ngoko usebenzisa I-OpenWrt Siza kuyisebenzisa ngcono i-router yethu kuba iya kuba nomqondiso ongcono: iya kuba namandla kwaye icace ngakumbi kune-firmware yesitokhwe ephuma ngayo kumzi-mveliso.
2. nangona isiphelo esiphezulu, izicelo processor-nzulu ezifana PHP, sinoluhlu olunomdla lwesoftware yokufaka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zobugcisa zesixhobo sethu.
3. . Ukuba sinendawo kunye namandla okubala afanelekileyo sinokuba neseva yewebhu efunwayo eqhuba ngaxeshanye:

a) iseva yefayile - NFS y I-SMB / CIFS
b) umxhasi I-IRC (kwimeko yam weechat) nomxhasi womyalezo okhawulezileyo IBitlBee zidityanisiwe. Ngale ndlela kwaye nje ukuba singacimi okanye siqalise i-router siya kuba yi-100% kwi-intanethi. Ingqalelo: Izigodo ze-IRC, ngakumbi ukuba siqhagamshelwe kumajelo amaninzi (kwimeko yam ngalo mzuzu kukho i-31) inokuthatha indawo eninzi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba siza kuqhuba umxhasi we-IRC kwi-router, ndincoma ukudibanisa iyunithi yokugcina yangaphandle kuyo kwaye ugcine iilogi apho.
c) yenza okanye ube yinxalenye yenethiwekhi ye-Open Mesh okanye uthungelwano lwe-wireless mesh, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-BATMAN
d) iiseva zewebhu ezifana uhttp y nginx
e) izicelo zokhuseleko ezingenakubalwa ezifana neKismet, aircrack-ng, arpwatch kunye ne macchanger phakathi kwezinye; izinto ezinokwenzeka azinamda! Umzekelo: cinga ukuba I-OpenWrt kunye nezicelo eziyimfuneko kwaye uyilungiselele ukusezela i-traffic engenazingcingo, khangela amagama ayimfihlo, ufumane iidilesi ezibhalisiweyo ze-MAC, uqhagamshelane nothungelwano kwaye uthumele i-imeyile ekwazisa ukuba ukuyo kwinethiwekhi exeliweyo, kunye nedatha eyimfuneko ukuze ukwazi. bazi. Nje ukuba kwenziwe oku, ekuphela kwento ekufuneka bayenze kukufumana indawo apho banokufihla khona isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano lombane, kufutshane kangangoko kuthungelwano abanomdla kulo kwaye bavumele ukuba lenze umlingo walo ;-D
(UTom Cruise yimbotyi ecaleni kwethu kwaye njengoko watshoyo umIndiya ngaphambi kokuba athengise, «Ikamva lafika kwixesha elidlulileyo")
f) umncedisi woshicilelo, umncedisi wexesha (NTP), njl
g) Ukuba yi-distro eyilwe ziigeeks kunye neegeeks ngokuqinisekileyo siya kukwazi ukufikelela kuyo nge-ssh kwaye enyanisweni kufuneka siyenze ngolu hlobo ekuqaleni ukufakela ujongano lwegraphical kwaye uyiqwalasele: ayintle!?
h) ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenza inani elingenamda (kuphela yi-HW ngokwayo) yothungelwano lweWifi =)
i) onke amandla olona donga lubalaseleyo lomlilo emhlabeni, iptables kwinkonzo yethu zombini ukusuka kwikhonsoli nakwimbonakalo yomzobo.
j) usetyenziso olufana ne-tmux lusesandleni sakho, yenza nje a # uhlaziyo lwe-opkg && opkg faka i-tmux ukuze ukusebenza kwi-console ngaphakathi kwe-router yethu kuluyolo
k) Njengoko usenokuba uqaphele, umphathi wepakethe usebenzisa isivakalisi esifana nomphathi wepakethe. I-Debian GNU / Linux Ewe ngoba opkg Isekwe kwi-ipkg endala eyathi yona yathatha i-dpkg/apt njengesalathiso. Lumka, ungafaki ithemba lakho malunga nalo mphathi wepakethe, ayiphantse yanamandla okanye ibhetyebhetye njengabazalwana bayo abadala, kodwa iwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wayo.
l) Sinonxibelelwano oluninzi lweWebhu esinokuthi sikhethe kulo ngokuxhomekeke kwincasa yethu kunye nezinto esizikhethayo. Kwelam icala, kwaye emva kokuzama zonke, ndashiyeka Luci kuba yeyona ilula kwaye indivumela ukuba ndifikelele kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ye I-OpenWrt. Ukuba kukhanya ayisiyonyani encinci kuba i-router yam yasekhaya ithobekile I-TP-Ikhonkco TL-WR2573ND kwaye indawo ekhoyo edanyazayo yi-8MB kuphela, ngoko ke indawo encinci endiyisebenzisayo kwizinto ezingabalulekanga njengojongano oluhle, olulayishiweyo lwewebhu, kokukhona kuya kufuneka ndilayishe izicelo.
m) phakathi kweminye imisebenzi inenkxaso epheleleyo yeJumbo Frames kunye neVLANS!
n) Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya ezo ezininzi zekhaya / i-SOHO routers ziphuma ngaphandle kwebhokisi ezifana ne-ARP yokubopha, i-static routing, i-hostnames, i-DHCP yokubopha, ukulawula ukufikelela kwexesha, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-DNS ezininzi kwinethiwekhi nganye, njl.
o) Ukuba yi-GNU/Linux distro siya kuba nofikelelo olupheleleyo kwiilog zenkqubo, ii-kernel logs, iidemon esifuna ukuziqhuba ekuqaleni, njl., ngokufanayo nange-distro abayisebenzisayo.
p) ibandakanya nice -kwaye luncedo- hacks ukwenza izibane umzila ukuphendula izenzo ezithile, ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuqwalasela ukuba ukuqhwanyaza ngendlela ethile kuxhomekeke kwindlela esisebenzisa ngayo isixhobo (inethiwekhi enentambo, wireless, njengoko umzila , tshintsha, njl.), xa sifikelela kwizixhobo ze-USB ezixhunyiwe kwi-router ezifana ne-hard drive yangaphandle okanye umshicileli, njl.
q) phakathi kwezinye izicelo sinokufaka umphathi weVPN, uNagios, Munin (ephuculweyo kunye neLibre Nagios), faka iMTD (uThutho loThutho lweMayile) kwaye uyiguqule ibe yiseva ye-imeyile, faka mc (Umphathi wamaphakathi ezinzulwini zobusuku), iseva ye-Avahi/Bonjour/Zeroconf, ukuba sine-HD yangaphandle eqhagamshelwe kwingqokelela yethu yomculo sinokuqhuba i-daemon mpd kwi-router, eya kusivumela ukuba sidibanise nabo kuyo nayiphi na imatshini edibanisa kwi-router kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakwinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo, njl.
r) Kukho amakhulu eepakethe ezingaphezulu zazo zonke iintlobo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza nantoni na oyifunayo ngerutha yakho encinci, ungasathethi ke ukuba unesixhobo sobudenge. Njengesiqhelo nge-GNU/Linux, ekuphela komda yintelekelelo yomsebenzisi.

Ngamafutshane, I-OpenWrt Liphupha lomntwana libe yinyaniso =D

Indlela yokubuyisela / UKUSILELA

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba amaxesha ambalwa okuqala sifake le firmware imangalisayo siya kuvalelwa ngaphandle kwi-router ngokucwangcisa into engalunganga okanye ngokucima okanye ukuyibiza ngokutsha into ebesingafanelanga ukuba siyichukumise - kodwa ukuba sifuna ukwazi. indalo iyasityhala ukuba senze njalo xD

Enyanisweni, umhleli osayina eli nqaku, ndim, wayenayo gran Umbono wokucima ujongano lwenethiwekhi ukuze ulungelelanise kwakhona, uzishiya ngaphandle kwe-router kwaye awukwazi ukufikelela kuyo kuba nangona inkqubo edibeneyo yayisebenza ngokumangalisayo kwakungekho nxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi olunikwe amandla- ewe, ndiyingqondi, imbi! BOLUDO!!!

Abaqulunqi be I-OpenWrt babonelele ngemeko enjalo kwaye babonelele ngojongano lwendlela yokuqalisa iFailsafe -failsafe– ngoko ke sinokwenza ufikelelo olungxamisekileyo kwaye siphinde silungise inkqubo.

Kubalulekile ukugcina oku engqondweni kuba nge-firmware ye I-OpenWrt Phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iqhosha lokusetha kwakhona kwii-routers zakho alisebenzi njengoko kulindelekile, oko kukuthi, libuyisela uqwalaselo lwayo kwizicwangciso zefektri. Enyanisweni, iqhosha lisetyenziswa kwimodi failsafe de I-OpenWrt kodwa ukuthumela kuphela umqondiso kwisixhobo ngexesha elithile ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela isixhobo kwakhona ngokusebenzisa Telnet okanye ssh.

Inokwenzeka nakubo isitena i-router ukuba bafakela umfanekiso ongafanelekanga kuyo, kuloo meko ukubuyiswa kwesixhobo kuba nzima ngakumbi kuba inkqubo ibandakanya ukuyivula ukufikelela kwi-integrated, i-soldering yesixhobo sombane esiya kumandla ngayo. intambo ye-USB eqhagamshelwe kumatshini wethu kwaye emva koko uqhagamshele kwi-router nge-serial console, uvule iseva ye-FTP -I-TFTP-i-primitive kakhulu ukukopa i-firmware echanekileyo, ukuseta kwakhona umfanekiso omtsha, njl., akukho nto inzima kakhulu nangona ukuba asikwenzi ngononophelo sibeka umngcipheko wokutshisa i-router.

zekhusi

Apha ngezantsi ndikushiya eminye imifanekiso yeqokobhe leBusyBox kunye nojongano lwewebhu lweLuci:

Le yintshayelelo ye I-OpenWrt, kamva ndiya kubhala isikhokelo sofakelo esifutshane, ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinokufumaneka, ngakumbi ukuze iiyure zophando endityale iitoni zokufunda zamaxwebhu kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezimvo kwi-IRC zigcinwa de i-router yam isebenze njengoko ndinayo. namhlanje.