Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kwesudo kunye su?

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndifumene umbuzo ovela kuMiguel, umfundi webhlog oqhelekileyo kunye nomntu ophawuleyo ngokunyanzela, malunga yintoni kanye kanye umahluko phakathi kwe- sudo y su. Ngokukodwa, uMiguel wayexhalabile malunga nokuba ngaba enye indlela yayikhuselekile kunenye. Kuyenzeka ukuba ndiyifunde loo nto I-Sudo ibingakhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye ndifuna ukwazi ngakumbi.Lesi sesinye isithuba esenzelwe abo bacela amanqaku angaphezulu Iimfihlakalo zesiphelo.

Su

Inkqubo su Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise omnye iqokobhe lomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokuphuma kwiseshoni yangoku. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukufumana iimvume zengcambu zokwenza imisebenzi yezolawulo ngaphandle kokuphuma ungene kwakhona. Ezinye iimeko zedesktop, kubandakanya i-GNOME kunye ne KDE, zineenkqubo ezibuza ngokucacileyo igama eligqithisiweyo ngaphambi kokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze umyalelo oya kuthi ufune ukufikelela njalo.

Igama su livela kwisiNgesi sendaweni uube (umsebenzisi obambeleyo). Kukwakho nabo bayenza ukuba isuselwe kuyo sphezuluuser (super-user, Oko kukuthi, ingcambu okanye umsebenzisi ongumlawuli) kuba ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwamkela indima yomphathi wenkqubo.

Xa ubaleka, su Icela iphasiwedi yeakhawunti ofuna ukuyifumana, kwaye ukuba yamkelwe, inika ukufikelela kwiakhawunti.

[guy @ localhost] $ Iphasiwedi yakho: [root @ localhost] # phuma uphume [guy @ localhost] $

Ngokungabeki umsebenzisi, ufikeleleka njengomlawuli. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kudlule elinye igama lomsebenzisi njengeparameter.

[guy @ localhost] $ su mongo Iphasiwedi: [mongo @ localhost] # phuma uphume [guy @ localhost] $

Nje ukuba kufakwe igama eliyimfihlo, sinokwenza imiyalelo ngokungathi singomnye umsebenzisi. Ngokubhala Phuma, sibuyela kumsebenzisi wethu.

Umahluko osetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukusebenzisa su ilandelwe ngumngxunya. Ke, ukuze ungene njengengcambu, kuya kufuneka ungene yakhe - kunye nokungena ungene njengomnye umsebenzisi owakho - omnye umsebenzisi. Umahluko phakathi kokusebenzisa iskripthi okanye hayi? Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iskripthi kuba kulingisa ukuba uza kungena kunye naloo msebenzisi; ke ngoko, yenza zonke iifayile zokuqalisa zaloo msebenzisi, itshintshe isikhombisi sangoku kwikhaya lomsebenzisi, itshintshe ixabiso lenkqubo eyahlukileyo iyilungelelanise nomsebenzisi omtsha (IKHAYA, SHELL, TERM, USER, LOGNAME, phakathi kwabanye), nabanye izinto ezingaphezulu.

I-sysadmin kufuneka ilumke kakhulu xa ukhetha ipassword yengcambu / yeakhawunti yomlawuli, ukunqanda uhlaselo lomsebenzisi ongenalungelo su. Ezinye zeenkqubo ezifana ne-Unix zineqela lomsebenzisi elibizwa ivili, Ebandakanya kuphela abanokuphumeza su. Oku kunakho okanye kunganciphisi inkxalabo yezokhuseleko, njengoko umntu ongenayo angenza enye yezo akhawunti. Yena su I-GNU, nangona kunjalo, ayixhasi ukusetyenziswa kwelo qela; oku kwenziwa ngezizathu zefilosofi.

Sudo

Umyalelo onxulumene noko, obiziweyo sudo, Yenza umyalelo njengomnye umsebenzisi, kodwa ngokuhlonipha uthotho lwezithintelo apho abasebenzisi banokwenza khona imiyalelo egameni labanye abasebenzisi (ihlala ichazwe kwifayile. / njl / sudoers).

Kwelinye icala, ngokungafaniyo su, sudo yenza ukuba abasebenzisi basebenzise ipaswedi yabo endaweni yomsebenzisi ofunekayo; Oku kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalelo kubasebenzisi kwabanye oomatshini ngaphandle kokuba babelane ngamagama agqithisiweyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokushiya iiterminal zingakhathalelwanga.

Iingxaki zothando: ixesha lobabalo

Uncedo lwe sudo Ukuthobela u su Kukuba iphumeza kuphela umyalelo oceliweyo ozenza ngathi ngomnye umsebenzisi, ngaphandle kokutshintsha umsebenzisi wangoku. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu angenza umthetho njengomlawuli kwaye, kwisibini esilandelayo, baya kuba namalungelo omsebenzisi ababemsebenzisa ngaphambili… okanye phantse.

Abanye babona njengokophula umthetho wokhuseleko kukuba sudo nika "ithuba lobabalo" elivumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze imiyalelo njengomnye umsebenzisi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphinda ungene kwisudo phambi komyalelo kunye negama lokugqitha emva kokwenza oko. Emva kwelo "xesha lobabalo", sudo uya kusibuza ngegama eligqithisiweyo kwakhona.

Oku "kubi", ngokuyintloko kuba umntu othile angathatha ikhompyuter yethu emva kokuba singene ngegama eligqithisiweyo lesudo kwaye ngelixa "ixesha lobabalo" lisebenza lenza INGXAKI.

Ngethamsanqa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhubaze "ixesha lobabalo", eliya kuphucula ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yakho. Yongeza nje umgca omnye kwifayile / njl / sudoers:

Isudo nano / njl / sudoers

Yongeza lo mgca ulandelayo esiphelweni sefayile:

Ukungagqibeki: LONKE itampampamp_timeout = 0

Utshintsho luqala ukusebenza kwangoko, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo.