I-Qubes OS is a operating system egxile kwezokuphepha kusuka edeskini ngokuzihlukanisa ngokuya nge-Xen hypervisor. I-Qubes OS uhlelo olusebenzayo umthombo ngokuphelele futhi ovulekile. Ama-Qubes ithatha indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ezokuphepha ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlukane ube ngamakhemikhali angawodwa ngokuthi ama-qubes ngokuphepha. Ngamanye amagama, iqhuba uhlelo ngalunye ngokuhlukile endaweni ecezile ngokuphelele.
Le yindlela i-Qubes OS enikeza ngayo umsebenzisi ukuphepha okukhulu lapho esebenza kuhlelo, ngoba uma uhlelo luyekethiswa ngumhlaseli, luzothola kuphela ulwazi mayelana negumbi elikwazile ukufinyelela kulo.
Qubes ifinyelela imishini eminingi ebonakalayo esebenza kwi-Type 1 hypervisor zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha njengohlelo olushumekiwe lokusebenza.
Isibonelo, ibeka lonke uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza windows kudeskithophu efanayo nemingcele enemibala ekhethekile ekhombisa amazinga wokuthembela emishini yabo ebonakalayo.
Ama-Qubes aphatha izinto ezahlukahlukene ukuze iziqukathi zikwazi ukuhlangana, futhiPhakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini ebonakalayo nezinto esinazo: i-dom0, imodeli yemishini ebonakalayo, imishini ebonakalayo esekelwa kumodeli, imishini ebonakalayo yokulahla futhi ekugcineni imishini ebonakalayo ejwayelekile.
Yini okusha kuQubes OS 4.0.2?
Kulolu hlobo olusha lweQubes OS 4.0.2, i-kernel yohlelo ibuyekezelwe ku- inguqulo yakamuva njengoba i-Linux kernel efakwe kule nguqulo inguqulo 4.19.89 lapho uhlelo lususelwa ekuhlukanisweni kwezizinda zalo ngobukhulu obubili ngoba ngalokhu izilawuli zehadiwe zingahlukaniswa zibe izizinda ezihlukile zokusebenza, njengezizinda zenethiwekhi, izizinda zezilawuli ze-USB, njll.
Okunye okusha okuvelele kule nguqulo yesibili yamaphuzu azinzile weQubes 4.0 yilokho Ukuvuselelwa okuningi kufakiwe ekukhishweni kokuqala 4.0, ikakhulukazi: all izibuyekezo ze-dom0 4.0 kuze kube manje njengoba lo mshayeli esuselwe kuFedora futhi enesibopho sokulawula i-Xen hypervisor futhi avumela ukuphathwa kwayo yonke imishini ebonakalayo (VM), ngaphezu kokufinyelela kunethiwekhi kanye nemingcele ekhona incane kakhulu.
Kusuka kumamodeli wemishini ebonakalayo okunikelwe ukusatshalaliswa, kule nguqulo entsha izinhlobo ze I-Fedora 30 TemplateVM, i-Debian 10 TemplateVM, i-Whonix 15 Gateway, ne-Workstation TemplateVM.
I-Qubes OS 4.0.2 imele yonke le mishini ebonakalayo kwimvelo yedeskithophu I-Xfce 4.12.3.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale nguqulo entsha, ungafunda imininingwane kunothi lokukhishwa le-Qubes OS 4.0 ku isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Landa i-Qubes OS
Uma ufuna ukuzama le Qubes OS pUngakwenza ngokulanda isithombe sohlelo kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni esigabeni sayo sokulanda uzoyithola, ungayenza kufayela le- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Lapha ungathola isithombe se-ISO esizolandwa ngqo noma ifayili lesifufula elizolandwa ngale ndlela.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-Qubes OS ayikwazi ukufakwa kuphela njengohlelo lokusebenza olukhulu, kepha futhi Inikeza ithuba lokukwazi ukuyihlola kunguqulo yayo ebukhoma.
Isithombe seQubes OS 4.0.2 cishe siyi-4,5 GB futhi ingaqoshwa ngethuluzi le-cross-platform Etcher kudivayisi yokugcina i-USB.
Endabeni yalabo abane-Qubes version 4.0 noma i-4.1, bangenza isibuyekezo package futhi ngale ndlela ngeke kudingeke ukuthi bafake uhlobo olusha lohlelo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Kulokhu vele uvule ukuphela kusistimu yakho bese ubuyekeza izinto ezilandelayo: Ama-Dom0, ama-TemplateVM kanye nama-VM azimele (uma enayo).
Endabeni Sun0, Sibuyekeza lokhu ngomyalo olandelayo:
sudo qubes-dom0-update
Manje ngecala le- Ama-TemplateVMs, ungenza isibuyekezo kusuka kusithonjana saleli thuluzi elivela endaweni yesaziso. Ingavulwa futhi kusuka kumenyu kumaThuluzi Esistimu.
Noma kusuka esigungwini ngomunye wale miyalo elandelayo:
Fedora
sudo dnf update
Debian
sudo apt-get update