Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokukhula okukhulu, Ukukhishwa kwenguqulo entsha ye-Debian 13 kumenyezelwe., eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Trixie." Lokhu kukhululwa kuqinisekisa ukusekelwa nezibuyekezo zeminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kanye nenqolobane, kule nguqulo, efinyelela inombolo emangazayo yamaphakheji kanambambili angama-69,830, idlula i-5,411 enikezwa ku-Debian 12.
Phakathi nalolu shintsho, 14,116 amaphakheji amasha engeziwe, kuyilapho amaphakheji angasasebenzi noma alahliwe angu-8,844 akhishiwe, amelela u-12% yenani eliphelele langaphambilini. Ukwengeza, amaphakheji angu-44,326 abuyekeziwe, noma u-63% wesamba, okubonisa umzamo oqhubekayo wokugcina uhlelo lwesimanje futhi luvikelekile.
Izinguquko eziphawulekayo kanye nentuthuko ku-Debian 13
Phakathi kwentuthuko efaneleke kakhulu yi- Ukwengezwa okusemthethweni kwechweba lamasistimu asuselwe ekwakhiweni kwe-64-bit RISC-V, kwaphinde kwengezwa imbobo yokuhlola «loong64»«, iyahambisana nezakhiwo ze-LoongArch ezisetshenziswa kuma-Loongson 3 5000 processors, nakuba isengakasekelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, I-Debian 13 inqume ukulahla ukusekelwa kwezakhiwo ze-"mipsel" kanye ne "mips64el", izinguqulo zomlando ebezinemikhawulo ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe njengomkhawulo wememori engu-2 GB nobunzima bokuhlanganisa.
Ngasohlangothini lokudalwa kwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-kernel namaphakheji wezinhlelo ze-86-bit x32 kumisiwe, egcina inqolobane eyodwa esemthethweni yamaphakheji nosekelo lweziqukathi zezakhiwo eziningi. Empeleni, ukwakheka kwe-i386 manje kuhloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingama-32-bit kumasistimu we-86-bit x64_64, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuhambisana.
Phakathi kwentuthuko evezwe kulokhu kukhishwa okusha kwe-Debian 13 "Trixie," ukulungiswa okuphelele kodaba lwango-2038 ukuthutha kwawo wonke amaphakheji ukuze asebenzise uhlobo lwedatha lwe-64-bit time_t kuma-architecture angama-32-bit. Lokhu kuqeda imikhawulo yomlando evimbele ukuphathwa kwezinsuku ezingemva kukaJanuwari 2038.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifaki se I-Debian 13 ithole ukuthuthuka okukhulu, kuhlanganise eyodwa i-logic entsha yokuphatha ukwahlukanisa kwe-EFI kanye nemodi yokutakula yamasistimu asebenzisa ama-subvolumes e-Btrfs. Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kuthuthukiswe ngokususa i-firmware engadingekile encike kumaphakheji angamahhala, okuqinisekisa umuzwa ohlanzekile ohambisana nezinqubomgomo zesoftware yamahhala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukusekelwa kwamathuluzi amadala afana ne-grub-legacy kanye ne-win32-loader kunqanyuliwe, ngenkathi ibuyisela ukusekelwa kwezinhlamvu okungezona eze-ASCII kumagama abasebenzisi aphelele.
La uhlu lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihambisanayo lunwetshiwe ngamadivayisi anjenge I-Pine64 Pinebook, MNT Reform 2, AM64x HummingBoard-T, Pine64 Star64, Wandboard rev D1, kanye namadivayisi asekelwe ku-Snapdragon X Elite ARM SoC, eqinisekisa kabusha ukuzibophezela kuka-Debian ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuvula, isistimu yefayela, nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha
I-Debian 13 yethula imodi ye-"HTTP Boot" ekude kusifaki sayo nezinguqulo ezibukhoma, ivumela ukulayishwa kwezithombe ze-ISO kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-HTTP ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-UEFI noma se-U-Boot, esiza ukufakwa ezindaweni zesimanje nezivumelana nezimo.
Uhlelo lwefayela tmpfs manje isisetshenziselwa ukusingatha umkhombandlela wesikhashana /tmp, etholakala ku-RAM futhi ingathuthelwa ku-swap partition uma kunesidingoLolu shintsho lunciphisa inani lediski elibhalwayo, lwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hard drive, lwandisa isikhathi sokuphila samadrayivu e-SSD, futhi luthuthukisa ukusebenza lapho uphatha amafayela esikhashana. Kulabo abadinga ukubuyisela lokhu kuziphatha, umyalo othi "systemctl mask tmp.mount" ikuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yefayela evamile.
Mayelana nokuphepha, imiyalo yokugcina, yokugcina, ne-lastlog isusiwe ngenxa yokungahambisani nohlobo olusha lwe-64-bit time_t. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa izinsiza ze-wtmpdb, lastlog2, ne-lslogins, ezinikeza ukusebenza okufanayo okuguqulelwe kumazinga amasha. Iphakheji ye-systemd-cryptsetup yengeziwe ukusiza ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokukhwezwa kwamasistimu wefayela abethelwe, okwandisa ukuphepha kwedatha.
Ukuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe nokubuyekezwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile
Ukuvikela izinhlelo ze-AMD64 ne-ARM64, I-Debian 13 isebenzisa izandiso ezithuthukisiwe njenge-Intel CET, i-ARM PAC ne-BTI, ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okusekelwe amasu okuhlela agxile ekubuyiseleni (I-ROP). Lezi zindlela zigcina amakheli okubuyisela kusitaki esihlukile sethunzi, okuwenza kube nzima kubahlaseli abazama ukuxhaphaza izingcezu zekhodi ezikhona ukuze bazenze.
Kwengezwe usekelo lwensiza ye-run0 kusuka ku-systemd, evumela izinqubo ukuthi zisebenze ngokuphephile ngaphansi kwama-ID wabasebenzisi abahlukene, futhi esebenza njengokungena esikhundleni okuqinile kwe-sudo.
Umphathi wephakheji I-APT ivuselelwe negatsha le-3.0, okuletha ukusebenzelana komsebenzisi okuthuthukisiwe, a Injini yokulungiswa kokuxhomekeka kwe-Solver3 nokusekelwa kwesithombe esifinyeziweUkwengeza, insiza ye-apt-key isusiwe futhi i-cryptographic backend esekwe ku-OpenSSL yengeziwe, kanye nomyalo omusha 'we-dist-clean' wokugcina uhlelo luhlanzekile futhi lusesikhathini samanje.
Ukusabalalisa futhi kufaka phakathi umyalo we-debian-repro-status, owusizo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphakheji afakiwe ayakwazi ukukhiqizwa kabusha, okuqinisa ukuzethemba kubuqotho besofthiwe.
Izibuyekezo ze-kernel, izindawo ezinemifanekiso, nezinhlelo zokusebenza
I-Linux kernel ibuyekezelwe kunguqulo 6.12, ezihambisana nokuvuselelwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana systemd 257, bash 5.2.37, Glibc 2.41 kanye ne-OpenSSL 3.5.
Izindawo zedeskithophu ezitholakala kuyo I-Debian 13 ihlanganisa izinguqulo zakamuva ze-GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, kanye ne-Xfce 4.20, kanye nesitaki sezithombe esibuyekeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa obonakalayo nokusebenzayo.
I-Las Izinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzisi nazo zithole izibuyekezo ezinkulu, emi ngaphandle I-LibreOffice 25.2, i-GIMP 3.0.2, i-Inkscape 1.4 ne-Vim 9.1, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhulu nokuzinza kubasebenzisi.
Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi inguqulo entsha ye I-Debian 13 isiyatholakala Ingqikithi yezakhiwo ezisemthethweni eziyisishiyagalombili, lezi zihlanganisa i-Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64/x86-64 edumile, kanye ne-ARM ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezakhiwo ezingavamile ezifana ne-RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el), kanye ne-IBM System z (s390x).