I-Node.js iyi-cross-platform, umthombo ovulekile, isikhathi sokusebenza esisekelwe ku-JavaScript
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule kwethulwa i- inguqulo entsha ye-Node.js 21, inguqulo lapho kugqama khona ukubuyekezwa kwenjini ye-V8 JavaScript eya ku-11.8, a inkomba entsha yokuhlola ukuguqula amanani azenzakalelayo we--experimental-default-type module, iklayenti elihlanganisiwe le-WebSocket, izibuyekezo eziningi kumgijimi wethu wokuhlola nokunye okwengeziwe.
Ngokukhishwa kwaleli gatsha elisha le-Node.js 21.0 (elizosekelwa izinyanga eziyi-6), uma seliqinile igatsha le-20.0 lizothola isimo se-LTS futhi lizosekelwa kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 2026, kuyilapho ukugcinwa kwegatsha langaphambilini le-LTS le-Node.js 18.0 kuzohlala kuze kube uSepthemba 2025 futhi ngonyaka olandelayo (2024) igatsha le-LTS 16.0 lizophela.
Kulabo abangazi ngeplatifomu ye-Node.js, kufanele wazi ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukugcina amaseva ohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu kanye nokudala izinhlelo ezivamile zeklayenti kanye nenethiwekhi yeseva. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Node.js, iqoqo elikhulu lamamojula selilungisiwe, lapho ungathola khona amamojula ngokusetshenziswa kwamaseva namakhasimende.
Izici ezintsha eziyinhloko zeNode.js 21
Kule nguqulo entsha ye-Node.js 21 eyethulwa, injini eyisisekelo ye-V8 ibuyekezwe kunguqulo 11.8, esetshenziswe ku-Chromium 118, manje esekela indlela ye-ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer, ikhono lokuhlanganisa ama-arrays, kanye nezitatimende ze-WebAssembly ukucubungula ama-constants. Banayo umphathi wephakheji obuyekeziwe ufaka i-npm 10.2.0 kanye ne-llhttp parser 9.1.2 nokusekelwa kwe-Visual Studio 2019 nezinguqulo ze-macOS ngaphambi kuka-11.0 kunqanyuliwe.
Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Node.js 21, esinye sezici zayo ezintsha eziyinhloko yi Landa ukuzinza kwe-API, eklanyelwe ukulayisha izinsiza kunethiwekhi nokwenza lula ukubhala ikhodi ye-JavaScript yendawo yonke elungele ukusebenza kuseva nohlangothi lweklayenti.
Enye i-API esizinzile iWebStreams API, inikeza ukufinyelela ekusakazweni kwedatha etholwe ngenethiwekhi. I-API ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze izibambi zakho ezisebenza ngedatha njengoba ulwazi lufika kunethiwekhi, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi lonke ifayela lidawunilode.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuphinde kugqanyiswe ukuthi yengezwe indlela yokuhlola yokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okuzenzakalelayo kwamamojula we-JavaScript ESM esikhundleni se-CommonJS (i-Node.js ethize). Kuyashiwo lokho Ushintsho aluwathinti amamojula ifomethi yawo echazwe ngokucacile yinkambu "yohlobo". ku-package.json, icaciswa ifulegi «-uhlobo lokokufaka«. Ukuze wenze kusebenze ukucushwa kwemojula entsha, inkomba «-uhlobo oluzenzakalelayo lokuhlola".
Kwezinye izinguquko okuvelele kule nguqulo entsha:
- Kwengezwe ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa kwe-WebSocket API. Ukuze unike amandla ukusekelwa kweWebSocket, ifulegi “-i-experimental-websocket".
- Inketho yokushintshashintsha yengeziwe kumsebenzi we-fs.writeFile ukuphoqa idatha ukuthi ihanjiswe kudrayivu ngemva komsebenzi ngamunye wokubhala.
- Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwekhodi okuhlobene nokuncozululwa kwe-URL, ukubuyisa i-API, ukusakaza, i-node:fs, ne-HTTP.
- Kwengezwe into yesiphequluli somhlaba jikelele
- Kupharamitha «-hlola«, wengeze usekelo lwezikhumba zomhlaba wonke ukuze ukhethe ukuhlola okuzokwenziwa
- Ukusekelwa kwesibambi se-globalPreload kunqanyuliwe, kuvumela ukubhaliswa kanye nezingcingo zokuqalisa ukuze kulungiselelwe amamojula.
Ekugcineni sUma unesifiso sokwazi okwengeziwe ngakho, ungabheka imininingwane ku- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-Node.JS ku-Linux?
Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokukwazi ukufaka le nguqulo entsha ye-Node.JS, kufanele bazi ukuthi le nqubo ilula, nje. Kufanele bavule ukuphela kuhlelo futhi kuyo bazothayipha omunye wemiyalo elandelayo, kuya nge-distro yakho.
Endabeni yalabo abangabasebenzisi be I-Debian, Ubuntu kanye ne-derivatives, kufanele nje bathayiphe okulandelayo:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm
Ngenkathi kulabo abangabasebenzisi be I-Arch Linux, iManjaro, i-Arco Linux noma enye into etholakala ku-Arch:
sudo pacman -S nodejs npm
Kulabo abasebenzisa I-Fedora, i-RHEL kanye nokuphuma kokunye:
sudo dnf -i nodejs npm
Ekugcineni, enye yezindlela zokufaka i-Node.js isuka kumaphakheji we-Snap futhi kulokhu kwanele ukwenza umyalo olandelayo:
sudo snap install node --classic