I-GNU GRUB iyi-multi-boot loader
Cishe ngemva kweminyaka emibili nengxenye selokhu kwakhululwa inguqulo 2.06, inguqulo entsha ye I-GRUB 2.12, inguqulo lapho senze ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kosekelo, kanye nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi nokunye.
Kulabo abangajwayele le mphathi we-boot modular ye-multiplatform, kufanele wazi ukuthi i-GRUB Isekela amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-PC ejwayelekile ene-BIOS, amapulatifomu we-IEEE-1275 (Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezisekelwe ku-PowerPC/Sparc64), izinhlelo ze-EFI, ihadiwe yokucubungula i-Loongson 2E enokusekelwa kwe-RISC-V ne-MIPS, izinhlelo ze-Itanium, ARM, ARM64 kanye ne-ARCS (SGI), amadivayisi asebenzisa iphakheji yamahhala ye-CoreBoot.
Izici ezintsha ezintsha ze-GRUB 2.12
Kule nguqulo entsha enikeziwe wengeze usekelo lokuqala lwe isikhombimsebenzisi se-bootloader (I-Boot Loader Interface) ithuthukiswe yi-systemd okunenjongo yokuthola idatha yokusebenza nolunye ulwazi, kanye nolwazi lokulawula oludlulayo
Olunye ushintsho olugqamayo kule nguqulo entsha ye-GRUB 2.12 yi- yengeza ukwesekwa kwelabhulali yemidiya ye-SDL2. Inhloso yalokhu kuthuthukiswa ayikacaciswanga, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi inhloso iwukuba nokuthembeka komtapo wolwazi olayishwayo nokuphatha, esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa esawo, kanye nokuba nesivikelo esithombeni somjovo wefayela futhi ugweme. into efana nayo I-LogoFAIL.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuphinde kugqanyiswe ukuthi sukusekelwa kwezakhiwo ze-LoongArch, kanye nokusekelwa kwama-binutils 2.38 nakho kwengezwe ukwesekwa kwe-PCI ne-MMIO UART kanye nekhono lokwakha kusetshenziswa i-GCC 13 kanye ne-Clang 14 laqaliswa.
Engxenyeni ye- ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha, ukulungiswa kobungozi obuqoqwe kusukela kunguqulo ye-GRUB 2.06 seyenziwe, okufana nokuba sengozini kwe-CVE-2023-4692 okuhambisana nesiphazamisi kukhodi yokuhlaziya yesibaluli se-NTFS, engasetshenziswa ukubhala ulwazi olulawulwa umsebenzisi endaweni yenkumbulo ngaphandle kwebhafa enikeziwe, kanye ne-CVE- 2023-4693 kumshayeli we-GRUB2 NTFS nabanye.
Kwezinye izinguquko okuvelele kule nguqulo entsha:
- I-Linux kernel EFI bootloader ihlanganiswe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezisekelwayo.
Kuzinhlelo ze-x86, i-Linux kernel ishintshelwe ku-bootloader ye-EFI. - Kungezwe usekelo lokwengeza inkumbulo ngokuguqukayo ngokubiza abashayeli ku-firmware. Izinkinga kumshayeli we-TPM (Trusted Platform Module) zixazululiwe.
- Kulungiswe izinkinga eziningi kukhodi yokufinyelela kumasistimu wefayela.
- Amandla okususa iphutha athuthukisiwe futhi indawo yokuhlola inwetshiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqinile nokuthembekile.
Okokugcina uma unesifiso sokwazi okwengeziwe ngakho mayelana nale nguqulo entsha, ungabheka imininingwane Kulesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Ungayifaka kanjani inguqulo entsha yeGrub kuLinux?
Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokukwazi ukufaka inguqulo entsha ye-grub kusistimu yabo, kufanele ukwazi lokho Okwamanje inguqulo entsha isivele isezinqolobaneni kokusatshalaliswa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka, njengoba unale nguqulo entsha efakiwe.
Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi unale nguqulo entsha, vele usebenzise imiyalo yokuvuselela yokusabalalisa kwakho. Isibonelo, ku-Arch Linux kufanele nje uthayiphe:
sudo pacman -Syuu
Noma uma ubufuna ukubuyekeza noma ukufaka i-GRUB, vele uthayiphe:
sudo pacman -S grub
Ngokuqondene nalabo abakhetha ukuhlanganisa, kufanele bazi ukuthi singathola ikhodi yomthombo ku- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Manje ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa kufanele sivule i-terminal futhi kuyo sizokuzibeka kufolda lapho silanda khona ikhodi yomthombo futhi sizothayipha imiyalo elandelayo:
zcat grub-2.12.tar.gz | tar xvf -cd grub-2.12
./configure
make install
Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa ukukhiqiza ifayela le-grub.cfg, lokhu ukuze isilayishi sokuqalisa sesistimu yakho simiswe ngendlela efanele futhi sihlanganise izinguquko zakamuva.
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg