I-OpenStack ne-Cloud Computing: Ikusasa le-Cloud Computing nge-Free Software

Jose Albert

Imizuzu ye-8

Kuleli thuba elisha sizokhuluma ngeplatifomu evulekile nengakhula yokudala amafu angasese nawomphakathi, okungukuthi, i-Openstack.

lpi

I-Openstack  yadalwa njengephrojekthi yomsebenzi wengqalasizinda ka "Umthombo Ovulekile" (Umthombo Ovulekile) ngaphansi kwesibalo sesevisi eku-inthanethi (IaaS) ekwakheni nasekuphathweni kwamaqembu amakhulu amaseva wangasese abonakalayo esikhungweni sedatha.

evulekile-1

Imigomo yalolu hlelo kwakuwukusekela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsizakalo zamafu ukuze kuvunyelwe ukudalwa kwezinsizakalo zamafu (ezifana nezakwa-Amazon) ezikhungweni zabo zedatha. I-OpenStack okwamanje itholakala mahhala ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bavame ukubiza i -OpenStack kumawebhusayithi olwazi ngokuthi i-Linux Cloud, okusho ukuthi "i-Linux yamafu." Abanye bayiqhathanisa namaphrojekthi afana ne -Eucalyptus kanye ne-Apache CloudStack , ezinye izinhlelo ezimbili zamafu ezivulekile.

Futhi i-Openstack ihlelwe kanjani?

I-OpenStack inomklamo we-modular okwamanje oqukethe izingxenye eziyishumi nanye (11) :

  • Akahambi: Ukuhlinzeka ngemishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM) ngezidingo (Efunwa kakhulu) kuyadingeka.
  • I-Swift: Ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokugcina olungenakulinganiswa olusekela ukugcinwa kwezinto ezidingekayo.
  • I-Cinder: para nikezela ngokugcina okuvimba amabhulokhi kokusingathwa kwemishini ebonakalayo.
  • Ukubheka: Ukunikeza uhlu nokugcinwa kwezithombe zediski ezizosebenza ngazo.
  • Itshe elingukhiye: Ukuhlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bokufakazela ubuqiniso nokugunyazwa kwazo zonke izinsizakalo ze-OpenStack ezizosebenza.
  • Ukufika: Ukuhlinzeka nge-modular interface yomsebenzisi (UI) yokusebenzisana nezinsizakalo ze-OpenStack.
  • I-neutron: Ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano oludingekayo njengensizakalo phakathi kwamadivayisi we-interface alawula izinsiza ezifakiwe ze-OpenStack.
  • I-Ceilometer: Ukuhlinzeka ngephuzu elilodwa lokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokukhokha.
  • Ukushisa: IPara inikezela ngezinsizakalo ze-orchestration zezicelo eziningi zamafu ezivela kubathengisi nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile.
  • ITrove: Ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwemininingwane egciniwe njengensizakalo ebumbene yezinjini ze-database ezihlobene nezingahlobene.
  • ISahara: I-Para inikeza izinsizakalo zokucubungula idatha ezidingekayo ezinsizakalweni eziphethwe yi-OpenStack.

Futhi yazalwa kanjani i-Openstack?

I- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ngokubambisana ne -Rackspace , yathuthukisa i-OpenStack . I-Rackspace yanikela ngekhodi enika amandla isevisi yokulethwa nokugcinwa kwamafayela efu kanye namaseva okukhiqiza amafu . I-NASA inikeze ubuchwepheshe obusekela i-Nebula , isevisi yayo yokubala amafu, ngezici ezifana nokusebenza okuphezulu, amakhono okuxhumana, kanye nokuphathwa kokugcinwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo, okuvumela ukuphathwa kwamasethi edatha amakhulu esayensi.

I-OpenStack yaba yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezimele ngokuphelele ngoSepthemba 2012. Umphakathi we-OpenStack , owakhulela kuwo, uqondiswa yibhodi labaqondisi elakhiwe ngabancintisani abaningi abaqondile nabangeqondile, njenge- IBM, i-Intel, ne-VMware.

Futhi yini eyenza i-Openstack iphumelele kangaka, isebenze futhi isetshenziswe?

I-OpenStack ihlose ukwakha ipulatifomu yamafu, efana ne- Cloud Management Platform (CMP), eyenza kube lula ukwakhiwa nokuphathwa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinsizakalo zamafu kumakhasimende ayo (abasebenzisi). Uma singayiqhathanisa ne -VMware's stack , i-OpenStack ibizoba sezingeni elifanayo ne -vCAC kanye/noma i-vCD.

I-OpenStack inezandiso ezivelele ngama -API okulula ukuwasebenzisa nokuzivumelanisa nawo (njenge- AWS ) , umphakathi , futhi abathengisi abangekho kuwo . Ngenxa yalokho, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abaningi baphendukele ku- OpenStack njengendlela ehlukile eyinhloko yezinhlelo zabo zengqalasizinda yamafu. Ubuchwepheshe be-modular be- OpenStack , obusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zamafu , buvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile kwamaphrojekthi ahlukene kusakhiwo esikhona.

Yini okungeyona i-Openstack?

I-OpenStack akuyona:

  • Umkhiqizo: Empeleni iqoqo lezinsizakalo, ezakha ifu, ngobuchwepheshe Open Source, evumela ukuguqulwa kwayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokwenza ngezifiso kuvuna izidingo zayo ezingabiwa futhi zinikelwe nalabo bomphakathi. I-OpenStack igcinwa futhi ilawulwa yi Isisekelo I-OpenStack.
  • Ihypervisor: Kungaphezu kwento elula yokwenza into ebonakalayo, ngoba iyinto esendleleni ephezulu ngaphezu kwefu, inokuphakama kwabancintisana nabo njenge i-vCD y I-vCAC (I-VMware) kanye nabanye Ama-CMP de abantu besithathu (3) akhona lapho.
  • 100% Mahhala: Ikhodi kuphela okufanele ivulwe, ngoba izindleko zokugcina, ukuqeqesha, ukuxazulula inkinga, ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwezendlalelo ezingezansi (isb. i-vSphere, i-networking, i-storage, njll.) banayo noma bangaba nezindleko ezihambisanayo kuye ngomhlinzeki kanye / noma ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Ngokwengeziwe, amanye amaLinux Distros aqala ukunikela nge- "Flavour" (izinhlobo) ye-OpenStack uqobo, engeza inani elihambisanayo, izindleko hhayi zekhodi kepha ukwesekwa nokunye okusele.
  • Abahlinzeki Bensiza Kuphela: I-OpenStack Ingasetshenziswa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Institution, Inkampani, Izinhlangano hhayi kuphela ngu Abahlinzeki Bezinsizakalo (SPs), ngoba ngokusobala ubumbulu nobulula bokusetshenziswa ngama-API ayo, kwenza umkhiqizo uthakazelise kakhulu kuma-SP nakunoma yiliphi elinye iqembu elinentshisekelo.

FUTHI YINI EYENZIWA YI-CLOUD?

Ngokusho kwe- NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), i-OpenStack ingachazwa njengemodeli yesevisi enwebekayo, edingekayo yokwaba nokusebenzisa izinsiza zekhompyutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda, izinhlelo zokusebenza, idatha, kanye nesethi yezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe ukubhukha kwezinsiza zekhompyutha, amanethiwekhi, idatha, kanye nomthamo wokugcina. Iphinde icabange ukuthi lezi zinto zingakhiwa, zihlinzekwe, zisetshenziswe, futhi zikhishwe ngokushesha, ngomzamo omncane wokuthuthukiswa, ukuphathwa, kanye nokuxhumana okuvela kumhlinzeki wekhompyutha yamafu, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamanje zeklayenti.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ze-cloud computing kungahlotshaniswa namamodeli webhizinisi amathathu (3):

  • Ingqalasizinda njengesevisi (IaaS): Le Model Business inikeza umthengi (umsebenzisi) ukuhlinzekwa kokucutshungulwa, ukugcinwa, amanethiwekhi kanye nanoma iyiphi enye insiza yekhompyutha edingekayo ukufaka isoftware, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kohlelo lwamafu oluyisisekelo kepha uhlelo olusebenzayo nezinhlelo zalo. Isibonelo: Ama-Amazon Web Services EC2.
  • I-Plattform njengesevisi (PaaS): Le Model Business inika umthengi (umsebenzisi) amandla okwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhiwe noma ezinikezwe izinkontileka ngabantu besithathu, kusukela ezilimini ezihlelayo noma ezinhlakeni ezinikezwa ngumhlinzeki. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kohlelo oluyisisekelo noma ngaphezulu kwezinsizakusebenza zengqalasizinda.
  • Isoftware njengesevisi (SaaS): Le Model Business inikeza umthengi (umsebenzisi) amandla okusebenzisa izinhlelo zomhlinzeki ezisebenza kwingqalasizinda yamafu. Izicelo zifinyelelwa kusuka kumadivayisi amaklayenti ngokusebenzisa izixhumi, ngokwesibonelo isiphequluli sewebhu. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi unokufinyelela kuphela kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokumiswa kwesoftware enikeziwe.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ze-cloud computing kungahlotshaniswa namamodeli wokuqalisa amathathu (3):

  • Ifu Lomphakathi: Le Model Deployment Model ivumela ingqalasizinda nezinsizakusebenza ezinengqondo eziyingxenye yemvelo ukuthi zitholakale emphakathini jikelele noma iqembu elibanzi labasebenzisi. Imvamisa iphethwe ngumhlinzeki ophethe ingqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikezwayo. Isibonelo: Insiza yeGoogleApps.
  • Ifu langasese: Le Model Deployment Model ivumela ingqalasizinda ukuthi iphathwe kuphela yinhlangano eyodwa. Ukuphathwa kwezicelo nezinsizakalo kungenziwa yinhlangano efanayo noma umuntu wesithathu. Ingqalasizinda ehambisanayo ingaba ngaphakathi kwenhlangano noma ngaphandle kwayo. Isibonelo: Noma iyiphi insizakalo yefu ephethwe yinhlangano noma enenkontileka yomhlinzeki kodwa izinsiza zayo ezikhethekile kuleyo nhlangano.
  • Ifu Lomphakathi: Le Modeli Yokuthunyelwa Kwamafu ivumela ingqalasizinda ukuthi yabelwe izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene futhi inhloso yayo enkulu ukuxhasa umphakathi othize onezinkinga ezifanayo (imishini, ukuphepha noma izidingo zokuhambisana nomthetho, njll.). Njengefu Langasese, lingaphathwa yizinhlangano noma umuntu wesithathu futhi ingqalasizinda ingaba sezakhiweni zayo noma ngaphandle kwayo. Isibonelo: Insiza enikezwe ngu www.seva.gov kahulumeni wase-US, ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusebenzisa amafu kuma-ejensi kahulumeni.
  • I-Hybrid Cloud: Le Model Implementation Model ivumela izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamafu wangaphambilini wamafu ukuthi ahlanganiswe, azigcine njengezinto ezihlukile kepha zihlanganiswe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile noma obunikazi, obuvumela ukuthwalwa kwedatha ephethwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ngiyethemba uyithandile le posi!


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