Kuleli thuba elisha esizokhuluma ngalo ipulatifomu evulekile neyesabekayo yokwakhiwa kwamafu angasese nawomphakathi, okungukuthi, we I-Openstack.
I-Openstack yadalwa njengephrojekthi yomsebenzi wengqalasizinda ka "Umthombo Ovulekile" (Umthombo Ovulekile) ngaphansi kwesibalo sesevisi eku-inthanethi (IaaS) ekwakheni nasekuphathweni kwamaqembu amakhulu amaseva wangasese abonakalayo esikhungweni sedatha.
Izinhloso kwalokhu bekufanele kusekele ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsizakalo zefu ukuze kwakhiwe izinsizakalo zefu (okufana ne-Amazon) ezikhungweni zabo zedatha. I-OpenStack, okwamanje itholakala mahhala ngaphansi kwe- Ilayisense le-Apache 2.0. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bavame ukubhekisela I-OpenStack kumasayithi wolwazi afana neLinux Cloud, okungukuthi, "I-Linux yefu". Abanye bayiqhathanisa namaphrojekthi afana ne- I-Eucalyptus y I-Apache CloudStack, ezinye izindlela ezimbili ezivulekile zomthombo wamafu.
Futhi i-Openstack ihlelwe kanjani?
I-OpenStack ine bokwakha Modular okwamanje okuqukethe izingxenye eziyishumi nanye (11):
- Akahambi: Ukuhlinzeka ngemishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM) ngezidingo (Efunwa kakhulu) kuyadingeka.
- I-Swift: Ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokugcina olungenakulinganiswa olusekela ukugcinwa kwezinto ezidingekayo.
- I-Cinder: para nikezela ngokugcina okuvimba amabhulokhi kokusingathwa kwemishini ebonakalayo.
- Ukubheka: Ukunikeza uhlu nokugcinwa kwezithombe zediski ezizosebenza ngazo.
- Itshe elingukhiye: Ukuhlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bokufakazela ubuqiniso nokugunyazwa kwazo zonke izinsizakalo ze-OpenStack ezizosebenza.
- Ukufika: Ukuhlinzeka nge-modular interface yomsebenzisi (UI) yokusebenzisana nezinsizakalo ze-OpenStack.
- I-neutron: Ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano oludingekayo njengensizakalo phakathi kwamadivayisi we-interface alawula izinsiza ezifakiwe ze-OpenStack.
- I-Ceilometer: Ukuhlinzeka ngephuzu elilodwa lokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokukhokha.
- Ukushisa: IPara inikezela ngezinsizakalo ze-orchestration zezicelo eziningi zamafu ezivela kubathengisi nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile.
- ITrove: Ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwemininingwane egciniwe njengensizakalo ebumbene yezinjini ze-database ezihlobene nezingahlobene.
- ISahara: I-Para inikeza izinsizakalo zokucubungula idatha ezidingekayo ezinsizakalweni eziphethwe yi-OpenStack.
Futhi yazalwa kanjani i-Openstack?
La INational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ngokuhlangana ne Rackspace, bathuthuka I-OpenStack. I-RackSpace inikeze ikhodi enika amandla isitoreji sefayela sefu kanye nensizakalo yokulethwa kokuqukethwe (Amafayela wefu) kanye namaSeva Wokukhiqiza Wamafu (Amaseva Wamafu). le NASA unikeze ubuchwepheshe obusekelayo I-Nebula, i-cloud computing service yayo, enezici zokusebenza okuphezulu, inethiwekhi nokuphathwa kokugcina idatha, ukufeza ukuphathwa kwamasethi amakhulu emininingwane yesayensi.
I-OpenStack ngokusemthethweni yaba inhlangano ezimele ngokuphelele engenzi nzuzo e Septhemba 2012. Umphakathi we-OpenStack, eyakhiwe nxazonke igadwe yibhodi labaqondisi, elenziwa izimbangi eziningi eziqondile nezingaqondile, ezifana IBM, Intel ne-VMware.
Futhi yini eyenza i-Openstack iphumelele kangaka, isebenze futhi isetshenziswe?
I-OpenStack ihlose ukwakha ipulatifomu lamafu, uhlobo I-CMP (Ipulatifomu Yokuphathwa Kwamafu) eyenza ukwakhiwa nokuphathwa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda ukufeza izinsizakalo zefu kumakhasimende ayo (abasebenzisi). Uma siqhathanisa i- Isitaki se-VMware, I-Openstack kungaba ezingeni elifanayo le- I-vCAC futhi / noma i-vCD).
I-OpenStack inamandla amakhulu we ukwandiswa ngokusebenzisa Ama-API yiziphi "Kulula" ukusebenzisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo (kakhulu kufayela le- AWS), emphakathini kanye nohlobo "Umthengisi mahhala", Okuningi "SAbahlinzeki be-ervice » baphendukile babona I-OpenStack njengenye indlela ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zakho zengqalasizinda yamafu. I-OpenStack neyakhe ubuchwepheshe be-modular ngokuya ngezidingo ze "Ifu" okudingeka ukulethwa kuvumela ukuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi ahlukene ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo okwenziwe ngendlela eqhubekayo futhi ezinzile.
Yini okungeyona i-Openstack?
I-OpenStack akuyona:
- Umkhiqizo: Empeleni iqoqo lezinsizakalo, ezakha ifu, ngobuchwepheshe Open Source, evumela ukuguqulwa kwayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokwenza ngezifiso kuvuna izidingo zayo ezingabiwa futhi zinikelwe nalabo bomphakathi. I-OpenStack igcinwa futhi ilawulwa yi Isisekelo I-OpenStack.
- Ihypervisor: Kungaphezu kwento elula yokwenza into ebonakalayo, ngoba iyinto esendleleni ephezulu ngaphezu kwefu, inokuphakama kwabancintisana nabo njenge i-vCD y I-vCAC (I-VMware) kanye nabanye Ama-CMP de abantu besithathu (3) akhona lapho.
- 100% Mahhala: Ikhodi kuphela okufanele ivulwe, ngoba izindleko zokugcina, ukuqeqesha, ukuxazulula inkinga, ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwezendlalelo ezingezansi (isb. i-vSphere, i-networking, i-storage, njll.) banayo noma bangaba nezindleko ezihambisanayo kuye ngomhlinzeki kanye / noma ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Ngokwengeziwe, amanye amaLinux Distros aqala ukunikela nge- "Flavour" (izinhlobo) ye-OpenStack uqobo, engeza inani elihambisanayo, izindleko hhayi zekhodi kepha ukwesekwa nokunye okusele.
- Abahlinzeki Bensiza Kuphela: I-OpenStack Ingasetshenziswa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Institution, Inkampani, Izinhlangano hhayi kuphela ngu Abahlinzeki Bezinsizakalo (SPs), ngoba ngokusobala ubumbulu nobulula bokusetshenziswa ngama-API ayo, kwenza umkhiqizo uthakazelise kakhulu kuma-SP nakunoma yiliphi elinye iqembu elinentshisekelo.
FUTHI YINI EYENZIWA YI-CLOUD?
Ngokusho kwe- I-NIST (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samazinga Nobuchwepheshe) I-OpenStack Ingachazwa noma icatshangwe njengesibonelo sezinsizakalo ezesabekayo ngokufunwa kokwabiwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha. Konke lokhu kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda, izinhlelo zokusebenza, idatha (imininingwane) kanye neqoqo lezinsizakalo ezihlanganiswe yimithombo yezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha, amanethiwekhi, idatha (imininingwane) namandla okugcina. Futhi ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zingakhiwa, zinikezwe, zithunyelwe futhi zikhishwe ngokushesha, ngomzamo omncane wokuthuthuka, ukulawula nokuxhumana ngumhlinzeki we-Cloud Computing, ukuze anelise izidingo zamanje zeklayenti.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ze-cloud computing kungahlotshaniswa namamodeli webhizinisi amathathu (3):
- Ingqalasizinda njengesevisi (IaaS): Le Model Business inikeza umthengi (umsebenzisi) ukuhlinzekwa kokucutshungulwa, ukugcinwa, amanethiwekhi kanye nanoma iyiphi enye insiza yekhompyutha edingekayo ukufaka isoftware, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kohlelo lwamafu oluyisisekelo kepha uhlelo olusebenzayo nezinhlelo zalo. Isibonelo: Ama-Amazon Web Services EC2.
- I-Plattform njengesevisi (PaaS): Le Model Business inika umthengi (umsebenzisi) amandla okwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhiwe noma ezinikezwe izinkontileka ngabantu besithathu, kusukela ezilimini ezihlelayo noma ezinhlakeni ezinikezwa ngumhlinzeki. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kohlelo oluyisisekelo noma ngaphezulu kwezinsizakusebenza zengqalasizinda.
- Isoftware njengesevisi (SaaS): Le Model Business inikeza umthengi (umsebenzisi) amandla okusebenzisa izinhlelo zomhlinzeki ezisebenza kwingqalasizinda yamafu. Izicelo zifinyelelwa kusuka kumadivayisi amaklayenti ngokusebenzisa izixhumi, ngokwesibonelo isiphequluli sewebhu. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi unokufinyelela kuphela kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokumiswa kwesoftware enikeziwe.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ze-cloud computing kungahlotshaniswa namamodeli wokuqalisa amathathu (3):
- Ifu Lomphakathi: Le Model Deployment Model ivumela ingqalasizinda nezinsizakusebenza ezinengqondo eziyingxenye yemvelo ukuthi zitholakale emphakathini jikelele noma iqembu elibanzi labasebenzisi. Imvamisa iphethwe ngumhlinzeki ophethe ingqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikezwayo. Isibonelo: Insiza yeGoogleApps.
- Ifu langasese: Le Model Deployment Model ivumela ingqalasizinda ukuthi iphathwe kuphela yinhlangano eyodwa. Ukuphathwa kwezicelo nezinsizakalo kungenziwa yinhlangano efanayo noma umuntu wesithathu. Ingqalasizinda ehambisanayo ingaba ngaphakathi kwenhlangano noma ngaphandle kwayo. Isibonelo: Noma iyiphi insizakalo yefu ephethwe yinhlangano noma enenkontileka yomhlinzeki kodwa izinsiza zayo ezikhethekile kuleyo nhlangano.
- Ifu Lomphakathi: Le Modeli Yokuthunyelwa Kwamafu ivumela ingqalasizinda ukuthi yabelwe izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene futhi inhloso yayo enkulu ukuxhasa umphakathi othize onezinkinga ezifanayo (imishini, ukuphepha noma izidingo zokuhambisana nomthetho, njll.). Njengefu Langasese, lingaphathwa yizinhlangano noma umuntu wesithathu futhi ingqalasizinda ingaba sezakhiweni zayo noma ngaphandle kwayo. Isibonelo: Insiza enikezwe ngu www.seva.gov kahulumeni wase-US, ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusebenzisa amafu kuma-ejensi kahulumeni.
- I-Hybrid Cloud: Le Model Implementation Model ivumela izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamafu wangaphambilini wamafu ukuthi ahlanganiswe, azigcine njengezinto ezihlukile kepha zihlanganiswe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile noma obunikazi, obuvumela ukuthwalwa kwedatha ephethwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngiyethemba uyithandile le posi!