I-Python iwulimi lohlelo olutolikwa olusezingeni eliphezulu ifilosofi yalo igcizelela ukufundeka kwekhodi yalo.
Ngemva konyaka wokuthuthukiswa, inguqulo entsha yolimi lokuhlela lwe-Python, i-3.11 , ikhishwe. Igatsha elisha lizosekelwa unyaka nesigamu, ngemva kwalokho ama-patch azokhishwa eminye iminyaka emithathu nesigamu ukuze kuxazululwe ubuthakathaka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-alpha kwegatsha le-Python 3.12 kwaqala (ngokusho kwesheduli entsha yokuthuthukiswa, umsebenzi egatsheni elisha uqala ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwegatsha langaphambilini futhi ufinyelela esigabeni sokuhlolwa kwe-alpha ngesikhathi senguqulo elandelayo).
Igatsha le-Python 3.12 lizoba ku-alpha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa, lapho izici ezintsha zizongezwa futhi kulungiswe iziphazamisi. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-beta kuzokwenzeka izinyanga ezintathu, lapho ukungezwa kwezici ezintsha kuzovinjelwa futhi ukunaka okugcwele kuzonikezwa ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokugcina ngaphambi kokwethulwa, igatsha lizobe lisesigabeni sokwethulwa kwamakhandidethi, okuyothi lapho kuqiniswa khona okokugcina.
Izici ezintsha eziphambili zePython 3.11
Le nguqulo entsha ifaka phakathi umsebenzi obalulekile wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza . Igatsha elisha lifaka izinguquko ezihlobene nokusheshisa kanye nokufakwa kwezingcingo zomsebenzi ngaphakathi , ukusetshenziswa kwabahumushi abasheshayo emisebenzini ejwayelekile, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuthuthukiswe yiphrojekthi ye-Cinder ne-HotPy. Kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi, isivinini sokusebenzisa ikhodi sikhuphuka phakathi kuka-10% no-60%. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukusebenza ku-suite yokuhlola ye-pyperformance kukhuphuke ngo-25%.
Indlela yokugcina i-bytecode ihlelwe kabusha , kunciphisa isikhathi sokuqala komhumushi ngo-10-15%. Izinto eziqukethe i-bytecode manje zabelwe ngokwezibalo ngumhumushi, okususa izinyathelo zokubhala ikhodi ye-bytecode ethathwe ku-cache nokuguqula izinto eziqukethe i-bytecode ukuze zibekwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo kwimemori.
Ukusekelwa kwamaqembu ahlukile kungeziwe , okunikeza uhlelo ikhono lokukhiqiza nokucubungula okuhlukile okuningi ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlukile, i-ExceptionGroup kanye ne-BaseExceptionGroup, ziphakanyisiwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe okuhlukile okuningi, futhi inkulumo ethi "except*" ingeziwe kokuhlukile okuhlukile ngaphakathi kweqembu.
Kufakwe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-LiteralString olungafaka kuphela izintambo zangempela ezihambisana nohlobo lwe-LiteralString (okungukuthi, izintambo ezingenalutho kanye nezintambo zohlobo lwe-LiteralString, kodwa hhayi izintambo ezingezona ...
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokumaka izakhi ngazinye zezichazamazwi ezithayishiwe (TypedDict) ngamamaki adingekayo kanye nalawo angadingeki linikezwa futhi ukuze kunqunywe amasimu adingekayo kanye nalawo angakhethwa (ngokuzenzakalelayo, zonke izinkambu ezimenyezelwe ziyimpoqo uma ipharamitha iyonke ingasethwanga ku- False).
Isigaba, indlela, kanye nomhlobisi womsebenzi @dataclass_transform senezelwe ; uma kuchazwe, i-static type checker iphatha into njengokungathi isebenzisa umhlobisi @dataclasses.dataclass.
Kwezinye izinguquko ezigqamile kule nguqulo entsha:
- Kwengezwe ikhono lokusebenzisa iqembu le-athomu ((?>…)) nezilinganisi ezinomona (ezinamandla) (+, ++, ?+, {m,n}+) ezimisweni ezivamile.
- Uhlobo lwe-TypeVarTuple lwengeziwe, oluvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamajenerikhi aguquguqukayo, ngokungafani ne-TypeVar, engafaki uhlobo olulodwa, kodwa inombolo engafanele yezinhlobo.
- Umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile uhlanganisa imojuli ye-tomllib enemisebenzi yokuhlaziya ifomethi ye-TOML.
- Indlela ye-add_note() yengezwe ekilasini le-BaseException, elivumela inothi lombhalo ukuthi linamathiselwe kokuhlukile, ngokwesibonelo ukwengeza ulwazi lomongo olwalungekho ngesikhathi kukhishwa okuhlukile.
- Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-Self lwengezwe ukumela isigaba samanje sangasese. Uqobo lwakho lungasetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindlela ezibuyisela isibonelo sekilasi lakho ngendlela elula kunokusebenzisa i-TypeVar.
- Kwengezwe inketho yomugqa womyalo "-P" kanye ne-PYTHONSAFEPATH eguquguqukayo yemvelo ukuze ukhubaze ukuxhumeka okuzenzakalelayo kwemizila yefayela okungenzeka ingaphephile ku-sys.path.
- Insiza ye-py.exe yesikhulumi se-Windows ithuthukiswe kakhulu ukuze isekele i-syntax ethi "-V:". / " Ngaphezu kwe "- . ».
- Amamakhro amaningi e-C API aguqulelwe emisebenzini evamile noma emile emgqeni
- Amamojula we-uu, cgi, pipes, crypt, aifc, chunk, msilib, telnetlib, audioop, nis, sndhdr, imghdr, nntplib, spwd, xdrlib, cgitb, mailcap, ossaudiodev, kanye ne-sunau ahoxisiwe futhi azosuswa ku-Python. 3.13 ukukhululwa.
- Kukhishwe imisebenzi ye-PyUnicode_Encode*.
- Ikilasi le-TaskGroup lengezwe kumojula ye-asyncio ngokusetshenziswa komphathi womongo ongavumelaniyo olinda iqembu lomsebenzi ukuthi liqedele.
- Ukwengeza imisebenzi eqenjini kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokudala_umsebenzi ().
Okokugcina, uma unesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngalokhu , ungathola imininingwane kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.