I-Qemu-Kvm + Umphathi we-Virt ku-Debian - Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha wama-SME

Inkomba ejwayelekile yochungechunge: Ama-Computer Networks ama-SME: Isingeniso

NgoMeyi 2013 sashicilela kule blog, izindatshana ezimbili Kunikezelwe ukufakwa kwe- I-Qemu-Kvm ku-Debian 7 «wheezy«. Kusasebenza namanje. Njengoba ukwakheka kokufakwa nokucushwa ku-Debian 8 "Jessie" kushintshile kancane, sifuna ukuvuselela inqubo.

Bekungeke kube okunye ngaphambi kokuzicwilisa ekufundeni lokhu Ungakwenza kanjani, bazovakashela isihloko esandulele Ukubonwa ngo-Virtual ku-Debian: Isingeniso - Ama-Computer Networks ama-SMB, ukuba nesizinda esincane ngale ndaba.

Amasayithi siphakamisa ukuwavakashela

• Umshini we-Virtual-based we-Kernel
• I-Hypervisor
• I-Red Hat Documentation Index
• Umhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa Wokwenza Ngengqondo
• Umhlahlandlela Wokusatshalaliswa Kokusebenza kanye Nokuphatha
• Umhlahlandlela we-Virtualization Tuning kanye ne-Optimization
• Umhlahlandlela Wokuphepha we-Virtualization
• Ukuguqula imishini ebonakalayo kusuka kwamanye ama-hypervisors kuya ku-KVM ene-virt-v2v
• Iphrojekthi yeLibvirt
• Inhlangano ye-Virt-Manager
• Inhlangano yeLinux KVM
• Inhlangano yeQemu

Ukuqashelwa

• Sikopisha ukukhishwa kwemiyalo, ngoba inhle kakhulu ukwedlula noma ikuphi okunye ukwakheka okubhalwe yithi. Siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalezo yemiyalo eyahlukene, ngoba ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ngaphandle kokuya kwi-Intanethi. Okungenani lowo umbono wethu.

Ukufakwa

Siqala kusukela ekufakweni okuyisisekelo kweDebian "Jessie" njengoba sibonile Ukufakwa kwe-Workstation - Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha wama-SME. Ngemuva kwalokho, sifaka ideskithophu noma ideskithophu esiyithandayo njengoba sibonile Ama-Desktop eDebian ayi-6 - I-Computer Networking yama-SME.

Kule ndatshana sikhethe ifayela le- I-Cinnamon Desktop. Sikhethe yona ngoba abafundi abaningi bayayithanda le ndawo yedeskithophu. 😉

Imininingwane ejwayelekile yomsebenzi wethu yile:

Igama Lesizinda: desdelinux.umlandeli
Igama leqembu: sysadmin
I-FQDN: sysadmin.desdelinux.umlandeli
Ikheli le-IP: 192.168.10.3
I-SubNet: 192.168.10.0/24
Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile: buzz
Igama eligcwele lomsebenzisi: I-Debian First OS Buzz

Sihlola ukusekelwa kokubona

Kwikhonsoli sisebenzisa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ egrep -c "(svm | vmx)" / proc / cpuinfo
2

Kithina, umyalo usibuyisela ukuthi sinama-CPU ama-2 ngosizo olufanele.

Amaphakheji esizowafaka

Okokuqala, sithola ukuthi sizofaka sisebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude search kvm
p ikvm - Umshini we-Java we-CLI          
v kvm                             - p libicsharpcode-nrefactory-ikvm5 - C # Ukuphenya nokuThatha kabusha umtapo wolwazi - IKVM p libikvm-native - umtapo wolwazi we-IKVM.NET p nova-compute-kvm - OpenStack Compute - compute node (KVM)    
p qemu-kvm - QEMU ukubona ngokugcwele ku-x86 hardware

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show nova-compute-kvm
Iphakheji: nova-compute-kvm okusha: yebo Isimo: ayifakiwe Inguqulo: 2014.1.3-11 Okubaluleke Kakhulu: Isigaba esingeziwe: Umthuthukisi wenetha: I-PKG OpenStack Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo: bonke usayizi ongacindezelwe: 50.2k Kuya nge: adduser, dpkg-dev, qemu-kvm | kvm, libvirt-daemon-system, nova-common, nova-compute, python-libvirt Dependent on: dpkg (> = 1.15.6 ~) Ncoma: i-guestmount Inengxabano ne: nova-baremetal, nova-compute-lxc, nova- compute-qemu, nova-compute-uml, nova-compute-xen Provides: nova-compute-hypervisor Incazelo: OpenStack Compute - compute node (KVM) I-OpenStack ingqalasizinda yamafu ethembekile. Inhloso yawo ukukhiqiza ipulatifomu yokutholakala kwamafu etholakala yonke indawo ezohlangabezana nezidingo zabahlinzeki bamafu bomphakathi nabangasese kungakhathalekile usayizi, ngokuba lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuqhaqhazela okukhulu. I-OpenStack Compute, ene-codenamed Nova, iyisilawuli sendwangu yekhompiyutha yamafu eklanyelwe ukuba ibe yimodyuli futhi kube lula ukunweba nokuzivumelanisa. Ngaphezu kwe- "native" OpenStack API yayo, ibuye isekele i-Amazon EC2 API, futhi isekela izizinda eziningi ezigciniwe ezigciniwe (ezibandakanya i-SQLite, i-MySQL, ne-PostgreSQL), ama-hypervisors (i-KVM, i-Xen), kanye nezinhlelo zemikhombandlela yomsebenzisi (i-LDAP, i-SQL ). Le yiphakheji yokuncika yama-compute node usebenzisa i-KVM. Ikhasi eliyinhloko: http://www.openstack.org/software/openstack-compute/

• Ngeke sifake iphakheji I-OpenStack, ngoba asidingi ingqalasizinda ye-Cloud ephelele Cloud. 😉

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show qemu-kvm
Iphakheji: qemu-kvm okusha: yebo Isimo: ayifakiwe i-Multi-Arch: inguqulo yangaphandle: 1: 2.1 + dfsg-12 + deb8u1 Okubaluleke kakhulu: Isigaba sokuzikhethela: Unjiniyela we-misc: Ithimba le-Debian QEMU Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo: amd64 Usayizi ongacindezelwe: 60.4 k Kuya nge: qemu-system-x86 (> = 1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~) Inokuphikisana ne: kvm Break: qemu-system-x86 (<1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~) I-Supersedes: qemu-system-x86 (<1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~) Inikeza: kvm Incazelo: I-QEMU ukubona konke okugcwele ku-x86 hardware QEMU iyi-processor emulator esheshayo. Le phakeji inikezela ngesikripthi se-wrapper / usr / bin / kvm esisebenzisa i-qemu-system-x86 kumodi ye-kvm yokuhambisana emuva. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amafayili amadala wokumisa e-qemu-kvm (ku / etc / kvm /) awasasetshenziswa.

Ikhasi eliyinhloko: http://www.qemu.org/

Sifaka ipulatifomu ye-virtualization Qemu-Kvm

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude ukufaka i-qemu-kvm libvirt-bin bridge-utils
Amaphakeji alandelayo amasha azofakwa:     
  ama-augeas-lens {a} bridge-utils dmeventd {a} ebtables {a} ethtool {a} hdparm {a} ipxe-qemu {a} libaio1 {a} libapparmor1 {a} libaugeas0 {a} libboost-thread1.55.0 {a } libdevmapper-event1.02.1 {a} libfdt1 {a} libiscsi2 {a} liblvm2cmd2.02 {a} libnetcf1 {a} libnuma1 {a} librados2 {a} librbd1 {a} libreadline5 {a} libseccomp2 {a} libspice-server1 {a} libvdeplug2 {a} libvirt-bin libvirt-amaklayenti {a} libvirt-daemon {a} libvirt-daemon-system {a} libvirt0 {a} libx86-1 {a} libxen-4.4 {a} libxenstore3.0 { a} libxml2-utils {a} lvm2 {a} netcat-openbsd {a} pm-utils {a} powermgmt-base {a} qemu-kvm qemu-system-common {a} qemu-system-x86 {a} qemu -imisila {a} seabios {a} vbetool {a} 0 amaphakheji abuyekeziwe, amasha angu-42 afakiwe, 0 ukususa futhi 0 awavuselelwa. Ngidinga ukulanda amafayili angama-8,422 kB / 14.8 MB. Ngemuva kokukhipha, kuzosetshenziswa i-53.3 MB. Ufuna ukuqhubeka? [Y / n /?] Futhi

Kubalulekile

• Njengoba sifaka kudeskithophu, sizodinga isikhombimsebenzisi ukuphatha i-KVM. Ukube besifaka kwisiphakeli esisodwa noma eziningi, ukufakwa kwedeskithophu nokufakwa kwefayela le- Umkhombe we-Virtual Machine, esizokufaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cngesimo esisodwa sale interface yokuqhafaza, singakwazi ukuphatha wonke amaseva lapho sifake khona amaphakheji qemu-kvm, libvirt-bin y ibhulorho-utils.

• Idemoni eliyinhloko - i-daemon we-visualization yi- yezisib. Ukwazi isimo sayo sisebenzisa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl isimo libvirtd
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd isimo

• Uma ekukhipheni kwanoma imiphi imiyalo yangaphambilini, sifunda eminye imigqa ngokubomvu, kunempilo ukuqala kabusha insiza yezisib bese ubheka futhi, noma qala kabusha ikhompyutha bese uhlola. Yena iskripthilibvrtd.sevisi oshayelayo i-systemd, itholakala ku /lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service. Qaphela ukuthi singancenga lelo demoni ngendlela endala futhi, okungukuthi:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo insizakalo libvirtd
Ukusetshenziswa: /etc/init.d/libvirtd {start | stop | restart | reload | force-reload | status | force-stop}

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd restart buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd isimo
● libvirtd.service - I-Virtualization daemon
   Kulayishiwe: kulayishiwe (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; kunikwe amandla)
   Isebenza kahle: iyasebenza (iyasebenza) kusukela ngeLanga 2016-11-27 11:23:53 EST; 8min edlule Amadokhumenti: indoda: libvirtd (8) http://libvirt.org Main PID: 1112 (libvirtd) CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service └─1112 / usr / sbin / libvirtd

• El iskripthi etholakala /etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86, uphethe ukufaka amamojula adingekayo ekusebenzeni okulungile kweQemu-Kvm. Ngemuva kokuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo ngempumelelo, seyenziwe. Uma sihlola isimo saso, sizobuya ukuthi siyi-0 noma siphumelele.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl status qemu-system-x86 ● qemu-system-x86.service - LSB: QEMU KVM module loading script Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86)
   Isebenza kahle: kuyasebenza (kuphumile) kusukela ngeLanga 2016-11-27 11:18:17 EST; Inqubo eyi-18min edlule: 172 ExecStart = / etc / init.d / qemu-system-x86 start (code = exited, status = 0 / SUCCESS)

• Uma sifisa ukwazi futhi sifuna ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amamojula nendawo akuyo, senza lokhu:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ibuyekeziwe

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ thola i-kvm | grep ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-amd.ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ls -l /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/
inani le-1016 -rw-r-r-- 1 impande izimpande 97120 17 Jul 2015 XNUMX kvm-amd.ko
-rw-r-r-- 1 impande impande 223680 Jul 17 2015 kvm-intel.ko
-rw-r-r-- 1 impande impande 715920 Jul 17 2015 kvm.ko

Sifaka i-Virtual Machine Manager

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude ukufaka i-virt-manager
[i-sudo] ye-buzz: Kuzofakwa amaphakheji ENTSHA alandelayo: gir1.2-gtk-vnc-2.0 {a} gir1.2-libvirt-glib-1.0 {a} gir1.2-spice-client-glib-2.0 { a} gir1.2-spice-client-gtk-3.0 {a} libvirt-glib-1.0-0 {a} python-ipaddr {a} python-libvirt {a} python-urlgrabber {a} i-virt-manager i-virt-viewer {a} i-eninstinst {a} 0 amaphakheji avuselelwe, kufakwe amasha ayi-11, kuzosuswa okungu-0, kuthi 0 kungabuyekezwa Ngidinga ukulanda amafayela angama-2,041 kB. Ngemuva kokukhipha, kuzosetshenziswa i-12.5 MB. Ufuna ukuqhubeka? [Y / n /?] Futhi

• Ngemuva kokufaka iphakethe, siyaxhumana:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat / usr/share/doc/virt-manager/README.Debian 
Ukulawulwa Kokufinyelela ============== Ukutholakala kwesokhethi ye-libvirt kulawulwa ubulungu eqenjini le- "libvirt". Uma ufuna ukuphatha imishini ebonakalayo njengempande engeyona udinga ukufaka umsebenzisi wakho kulelo qembu noma kufanele usebenzise iseshini yeseshini efana ne-qemu: /// session. Bona futhi / usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian. - UGuido Guenther Thu, 04 Jun 2010 11: 46: 03 +0100

• Lokhu okungenhla kukhombisa ukuthi kufanele senze umsebenzisi buzz abe yilungu le- libvirt iqembu ukufinyelela i-interface esanda kufakwa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo adduser buzz libvirt
Ingeza umsebenzisi `buzz 'eqenjini` libvirt' '... Ingeza i-buzz yomsebenzisi eqenjini i-libvirt Enziwe.

• Manje sivala iseshini bese siyayiqala futhi. Ngemuva kokufaka i-Cinnamon Desktop yethu, siya ku- Imenyu -> Ukuphatha -> Imenenja Yomshini Obonakalayo, futhi sifinyelela isikhombimsebenzisi sokuphatha se-KVM yethu.

Amanethiwekhi we-Virtual ku-Virtual Machine Manager

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-Virtual Machine Manager kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuthi ngokwenza nsuku zonke singathola i-Master's degree ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, sinikeza Ithiphu sendlela yokuguqula inethiwekhi ebonakalayo efakwa yiQemu-Kvm ngokuzenzakalela.

Sizulazula kufayela lakho le- Imenyu -> Hlela -> imininingwane yokuxhuma, bese siya kuthebhu «Amanethiwekhi we-Virtual«. Uma sichofoza kusixhumanisi Ukucushwa kwe-IPv4, Red, futhi futhi isazisa ukuthi iseva ye-DHCP iyenzelwe yona. Leyo seva isebenza ngenxa yephakheji dnsmasq-base, efakiwe.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bona ifayela: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.

Uma sifuna ukushintsha ukumiswa kwenethiwekhi «ezenzakalelayo«, Sizoqhubeka ngokulandelayo:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original
okuzenzakalelayo 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nano /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
okuzenzakalelayo 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl qala kabusha libvirtd
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl isimo libvirtd

Ukube besingayivalanga iMenenja yeMishini Ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha i- idemoni yezisib, sizokwamukela umyalezo wephutha olandelayo, ojwayelekile ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke:

Kumele sivale i- Umphathi we-Virt bese uyivula futhi. Sibuyela engxenyeni yokucushwa kwe-Virtual Networks, futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo, usuvele unamapharamitha aguquliwe.

Siphakamisa ukunika amandla ukuqala okuzenzakalelayo kwenethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo, ngokuhlola ibhokisi «Yenza ngokuzenzakalela".

Isitoreji ku-Virt-Manager

Esinye isici esifuna ukusithinta isitoreji - Storage ku-Virt-Manager. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ifolda yohlelo lokugcina zonke izithombe zomshini ezibonakalayo zitholakala / var / lib / libvirt / izithombe. Ake sithi sine-hard drive ezinikele ngokuphelele kulowo msebenzi, futhi sikuthwele phezu / ikhaya / vms. Ukuyifaka ku- Umphathi we-Virt, sizulazula kwimenyu yaso -> Hlela -> imininingwane yokuxhuma -> Isitoreji. Ekhoneni elingezansi kwesobunxele sichofoza inkinobho «+«. Ngemuva kwalokho iWizard ye- «Dala ibhakede lesitoreji":

Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina esingakhetha kuzo. Imibhalo eningiliziwe esizoyithola ku- Umhlahlandlela Wokusatshalaliswa Kokusebenza kanye Nokuphatha, kusuka kuRed Hat. Sizokhetha owokuqala «i-dir: Isiqondisi Sesistimu yefayela".

Ekupheleni kwe-wizard, ithangi lesitoreji elisha liyasebenza futhi nesiqalo salo ngokuzenzekelayo.

Umshini wokuqala wokubuka

Kumele sizulazule, futhi sifunde izinketho ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwa yi-Virt-Manager. Ake sibheke esithombeni sokugcina salabo aboniswe kamuva, ukuthi lapho sifika kuhlobo lomshini omusha osanda kwenziwa nangaphambi Qala ukufakwa, kunketho «processor«, Simaka ibhokisi "Ukucushwa" Kopisha ukucushwa kwe-CPU yomsingathi wekhompyutha. Kungahle kungadingeki ukwenza njalo, kepha sinamathela esincomweni se-Debian kanye nokwenza kwethu kwe-HP server.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bona ifayela: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.

Sizokwengeza kuphela ukuthi ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, sibe nale nkundla yokubona okuhlelwa ekukhiqizeni ezinkampanini ezimbili. Ngaphandle kokwehluleka kwamandla, amakhompyutha ajwayelekile «kushintshwe»Ukusebenza njengezisebenzi, kanye nabo bonke ubunzima obungahle bube khona ezweni elingathuthukile njengakithi, i I-Qemu-Kvm ibilokhu isebenza kahle, kanye namaseva abonakalayo asebenza kuwo.

Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana ilusizo kuwe.

Ukulethwa okulandelayo?

«Igciwane ku-Debian«

Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuzoba uchungechunge lwezihloko ngu Amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha ama-SME. Sizobe sikulindile!