Inkomba evamile yochungechunge: Amanethiwekhi Ekhompyutha Ama-SME: Isingeniso
NgoMeyi 2013, sashicilela izihloko ezimbili kule bhulogi ezizinikele ekufakeni i-Qemu-Kvm ku-Debian 7 " Wheezy ". Zisabalulekile. Njengoba inqubo yokufaka nokulungiselela ku-Debian 8 "Jessie" ishintshile kancane, sifuna ukubuyekeza inqubo.
Ngeke kube buhlungu ukuvakashela isihloko esandulele, i-Virtualization in Debian: Isingeniso – Amanethiwekhi Ekhompyutha Ama-SME , ngaphambi kokubheka lesi siqondisi sendlela yokwenza izinto , ukuze ube nolwazi oluncane ngale ndaba.
Amasayithi siphakamisa ukuwavakashela
- Umshini we-Virtual-based we-Kernel
- I-Hypervisor
- I-Red Hat Documentation Index
- Umhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa Wokwenza Ngengqondo
- Umhlahlandlela Wokusatshalaliswa Kokusebenza kanye Nokuphatha
- Umhlahlandlela we-Virtualization Tuning kanye ne-Optimization
- Umhlahlandlela Wokuphepha we-Virtualization
- Ukuguqula imishini ebonakalayo kusuka kwamanye ama-hypervisors kuya ku-KVM ene-virt-v2v
- Iphrojekthi yeLibvirt
- Inhlangano ye-Virt-Manager
- Inhlangano yeLinux KVM
- Inhlangano yeQemu
Ukuqashelwa
- Sikopisha ukukhishwa kwemiyalo, ngoba inhle kakhulu ukwedlula noma ikuphi okunye ukwakheka okubhalwe yithi. Siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalezo yemiyalo eyahlukene, ngoba ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ngaphandle kokuya kwi-Intanethi. Okungenani lowo umbono wethu.
Ukufakwa
Siqala ngokufakwa okuyisisekelo kwe-Debian "Jessie", njengoba kuchaziwe ku- Workstation Installation – Computer Networks for SMEs . Bese, sifaka indawo yethu yedeskithophu esiyithandayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ku- 6 Desktop Environments ku-Debian – Computer Networks for SMEs.
Kulesi sihloko, sikhethe i- Cinnamon Desktop . Siyikhethile ngoba abafundi abaningi bayayithanda le ndawo yedeskithophu. 😉
Imininingwane ejwayelekile yomsebenzi wethu yile:
Igama Lesizinda: desdelinux.umlandeli Igama leqembu: sysadmin I-FQDN: sysadmin.desdelinux.umlandeli Ikheli le-IP: 192.168.10.3 I-SubNet: 192.168.10.0/24 Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile: buzz Igama eligcwele lomsebenzisi: I-Debian First OS Buzz
Sihlola ukusekelwa kokubona
Kwikhonsoli sisebenzisa:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ egrep -c "(svm | vmx)" / proc / cpuinfo 2
Kithina, umyalo usibuyisela ukuthi sinama-CPU ama-2 ngosizo olufanele.
Amaphakheji esizowafaka
Okokuqala, sithola ukuthi sizofaka sisebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude search kvm p ikvm - Umshini we-Java we-CLI v kvm - p libicsharpcode-nrefactory-ikvm5 - C # Ukuphenya nokuThatha kabusha umtapo wolwazi - IKVM p libikvm-native - umtapo wolwazi we-IKVM.NET p nova-compute-kvm - OpenStack Compute - compute node (KVM) p qemu-kvm - QEMU ukubona ngokugcwele ku-x86 hardware buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show nova-compute-kvm Iphakheji: nova-compute-kvm Okusha: yebo Isimo: akufakiwe Inguqulo: 2014.1.3-11 Okubalulekile: okwengeziwe Isigaba: net Umthuthukisi: PKG OpenStack[i-imeyili ivikelwe]> Ukwakhiwa: konke Usayizi ongacindezelwanga: 50.2 k Kuncike ku: adduser, dpkg-dev, qemu-kvm | kvm, libvirt-daemon-system, nova-common, nova-common, nova-compute, python-libvirt Kuncike ku: dpkg (>= 1.15.6~) Kunconywa: guestmount Izingxabano ne: nova-baremetal, nova-compute-lxc, nova-compute-qemu, nova-compute-uml, nova-compute-xen Ihlinzeka: nova-compute-hypervisor Incazelo: I-OpenStack Compute - i-compute node (KVM) I-OpenStack ingqalasizinda yefu ethembekile. Umsebenzi wayo ukukhiqiza ipulatifomu yefu etholakala yonke indawo ezohlangabezana nezidingo zabahlinzeki bamafu bomphakathi nabangasese kungakhathaliseki usayizi, ngokuba lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ikwazi ukukhuliswa kakhulu. I-OpenStack Compute, ebizwa nge-codename Nova, iyisilawuli sendwangu ye-cloud computing esenzelwe ukuba yi-modular futhi kube lula ukuyinweba nokuyivumelanisa nezimo. Ngaphezu kwe-OpenStack API yayo "yendabuko", isekela ne-Amazon EC2 API, futhi isekela ama-backend amaningi ahlukene edathabheyisi (kufaka phakathi i-SQLite, i-MySQL, ne-PostgreSQL), ama-hypervisors (i-KVM, i-Xen), kanye nezinhlelo zohlu lwabasebenzisi (i-LDAP, i-SQL). Leli yiphakheji yokuncika yama-node e-compute asebenzisa i-KVM. Ikhasi lasekhaya: http://www.openstack.org/software/openstack-compute/
- Ngeke sifake iphakheji I-OpenStack, ngoba asidingi ingqalasizinda ye-Cloud ephelele Cloud.
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show qemu-kvm Iphakheji: qemu-kvm Okusha: yebo Isimo: kukhishiwe I-Multi-Arch: yangaphandle Inguqulo: 1:2.1+dfsg-12+deb8u1 Okubalulekile: okungakhethwa Isigaba: okuxubile Umthuthukisi: Ithimba le-Debian QEMU[i-imeyili ivikelwe]> Ukwakheka: amd64 Usayizi ongacindezelwanga: 60.4 k Kuncike ku: qemu-system-x86 (>= 1.7.0+dfsg-2~) Ukungqubuzana ne: kvm Ukuphuka: qemu-system-x86 (< 1.7.0+dfsg-2~) Ithatha indawo ye: qemu-system-x86 (< 1.7.0+dfsg-2~) Ihlinzeka: kvm Incazelo: QEMU Ukwenziwa kwe-virtualization okugcwele kwihadiwe ye-x86 I-QEMU iyi-emulator yeprosesa esheshayo. Le phakheji inikeza iskripthi se-wrapper /usr/bin/kvm esisebenza i-qemu-system-x86 kwimodi ye-kvm yokuhambisana nokubuyela emuva. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amafayela okucushwa kwe-qemu-kvm amadala (ku-/etc/kvm/) awasasetshenziswa.
Ikhasi eliyinhloko: http://www.qemu.org/
Sifaka ipulatifomu ye-virtualization Qemu-Kvm
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude ukufaka i-qemu-kvm libvirt-bin bridge-utils
Amaphakeji alandelayo amasha azofakwa:
ama-augeas-lens {a} bridge-utils dmeventd {a} ebtables {a} ethtool {a} hdparm {a} ipxe-qemu {a} libaio1 {a} libapparmor1 {a} libaugeas0 {a} libboost-thread1.55.0 {a } libdevmapper-event1.02.1 {a} libfdt1 {a} libiscsi2 {a} liblvm2cmd2.02 {a} libnetcf1 {a} libnuma1 {a} librados2 {a} librbd1 {a} libreadline5 {a} libseccomp2 {a} libspice-server1 {a} libvdeplug2 {a} libvirt-bin libvirt-amaklayenti {a} libvirt-daemon {a} libvirt-daemon-system {a} libvirt0 {a} libx86-1 {a} libxen-4.4 {a} libxenstore3.0 { a} libxml2-utils {a} lvm2 {a} netcat-openbsd {a} pm-utils {a} powermgmt-base {a} qemu-kvm qemu-system-common {a} qemu-system-x86 {a} qemu -imisila {a} seabios {a} vbetool {a} 0 amaphakheji abuyekeziwe, amasha angu-42 afakiwe, 0 ukususa futhi 0 awavuselelwa. Ngidinga ukulanda amafayili angama-8,422 kB / 14.8 MB. Ngemuva kokukhipha, kuzosetshenziswa i-53.3 MB. Ufuna ukuqhubeka? [Y / n /?] Futhi
Kubalulekile
- Njengoba sifaka kudeskithophu, sizodinga isikhombimsebenzisi ukuphatha i-KVM. Ukube besifaka kwisiphakeli esisodwa noma eziningi, ukufakwa kwedeskithophu nokufakwa kwefayela le- Umkhombe we-Virtual Machine, esizokufaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cngesimo esisodwa sale interface yokuqhafaza, singakwazi ukuphatha wonke amaseva lapho sifake khona amaphakheji qemu-kvm, libvirt-bin y ibhulorho-utils.
- Idemoni eliyinhloko - i-daemon we-visualization yi- yezisib. Ukwazi isimo sayo sisebenzisa:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl isimo libvirtd buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd isimo
- Uma ekukhipheni kwanoma imiphi imiyalo yangaphambilini, sifunda eminye imigqa ngokubomvu, kunempilo ukuqala kabusha insiza yezisib bese ubheka futhi, noma qala kabusha ikhompyutha bese uhlola. Yena iskripthilibvrtd.sevisi oshayelayo i-systemd, itholakala ku /lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service. Qaphela ukuthi singancenga lelo demoni ngendlela endala futhi, okungukuthi:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo insizakalo libvirtd
Ukusetshenziswa: /etc/init.d/libvirtd {start | stop | restart | reload | force-reload | status | force-stop}
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd restart buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd isimo
● libvirtd.service - I-Virtualization daemon
Kulayishiwe: kulayishiwe (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; kunikwe amandla)
Isebenza kahle: iyasebenza (iyasebenza) kusukela ngeLanga 2016-11-27 11:23:53 EST; 8min edlule Amadokhumenti: indoda: libvirtd (8) http://libvirt.org Main PID: 1112 (libvirtd) CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service └─1112 / usr / sbin / libvirtd
- El iskripthi etholakala /etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86, uphethe ukufaka amamojula adingekayo ekusebenzeni okulungile kweQemu-Kvm. Ngemuva kokuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo ngempumelelo, seyenziwe. Uma sihlola isimo saso, sizobuya ukuthi siyi-0 noma siphumelele.
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl status qemu-system-x86 ● qemu-system-x86.service - LSB: QEMU KVM module loading script Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86) Isebenza kahle: kuyasebenza (kuphumile) kusukela ngeLanga 2016-11-27 11:18:17 EST; Inqubo eyi-18min edlule: 172 ExecStart = / etc / init.d / qemu-system-x86 start (code = exited, status = 0 / SUCCESS)
- Uma sifisa ukwazi futhi sifuna ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amamojula nendawo akuyo, senza lokhu:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ibuyekeziwe buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ thola i-kvm | grep ko /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-amd.ko /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ls -l /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/ inani le-1016 -rw-r-r-- 1 impande izimpande 97120 17 Jul 2015 XNUMX kvm-amd.ko -rw-r-r-- 1 impande impande 223680 Jul 17 2015 kvm-intel.ko -rw-r-r-- 1 impande impande 715920 Jul 17 2015 kvm.ko
Sifaka i-Virtual Machine Manager
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude ukufaka i-virt-manager
[i-sudo] ye-buzz: Kuzofakwa amaphakheji ENTSHA alandelayo: gir1.2-gtk-vnc-2.0 {a} gir1.2-libvirt-glib-1.0 {a} gir1.2-spice-client-glib-2.0 { a} gir1.2-spice-client-gtk-3.0 {a} libvirt-glib-1.0-0 {a} python-ipaddr {a} python-libvirt {a} python-urlgrabber {a} i-virt-manager i-virt-viewer {a} i-eninstinst {a} 0 amaphakheji avuselelwe, kufakwe amasha ayi-11, kuzosuswa okungu-0, kuthi 0 kungabuyekezwa Ngidinga ukulanda amafayela angama-2,041 kB. Ngemuva kokukhipha, kuzosetshenziswa i-12.5 MB. Ufuna ukuqhubeka? [Y / n /?] Futhi
- Ngemuva kokufaka iphakethe, siyaxhumana:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat / usr/share/doc/virt-manager/README.Debian Ukulawula Ukufinyelela =============== Ukufinyelela kusokhethi ye-libvirt kulawulwa ubulungu eqenjini elithi "libvirt". Uma ufuna ukuphatha imishini ebonakalayo njengengeyona impande udinga ukwengeza umsebenzisi wakho kulelo qembu noma kufanele usebenzise iseshini efana ne-qemu:///session. Bheka futhi /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian. -- Guido Guenther[i-imeyili ivikelwe]> ULwesine, 04 Jun 2010 11:46:03 +0100
- Lokhu okungenhla kukhombisa ukuthi kufanele senze umsebenzisi buzz abe yilungu le- libvirt iqembu ukufinyelela i-interface esanda kufakwa:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo adduser buzz libvirt Ingeza umsebenzisi `buzz 'eqenjini` libvirt' '... Ingeza i-buzz yomsebenzisi eqenjini i-libvirt Enziwe.
- Manje sivala iseshini bese siyayiqala futhi. Ngemuva kokufaka i-Cinnamon Desktop yethu, siya ku- Imenyu -> Ukuphatha -> Imenenja Yomshini Obonakalayo, futhi sifinyelela isikhombimsebenzisi sokuphatha se-KVM yethu.
Amanethiwekhi we-Virtual ku-Virtual Machine Manager
Nakuba i-Virtual Machine Manager kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ngokuzijwayeza kwansuku zonke singafinyelela ulwazi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, sinikeza icebiso lokuthi ungayishintsha kanjani inethiwekhi ebonakalayo efakwa yi-Qemu-Kvm ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Sizulazula ngeMenyu yayo -> Hlela -> Imininingwane Yokuxhumana , bese siya kuthebhu ethi " Amanethiwekhi Abonakalayo ". Uma sichofoza kusixhumanisi sokucushwa kwe-IPv4 , inethiwekhi iyaboniswa , futhi isazisa nokuthi iseva ye-DHCP ivuliwe. Le seva isebenza ngenxa yephakheji ye- dnsmasq-base , efakiwe.
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bona ifayela: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.
Uma sifuna ukushintsha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi " ezenzakalelayo " , sizoqhubeka kanje:
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original okuzenzakalelayo buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nano /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml okuzenzakalelayo buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl qala kabusha libvirtd buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl isimo libvirtd
Ukube besingayivalanga iMenenja yeMishini Ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha i- idemoni yezisib, sizokwamukela umyalezo wephutha olandelayo, ojwayelekile ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke:
Sidinga nje ukuvala i-Virt-Manager bese siyivula kabusha. Sibuyela esigabeni sokucushwa kwe-Virtual Networks bese siqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo manje inamapharamitha aguquliwe.
Siphakamisa ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukuqalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwenethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo ngokumaka ibhokisi elithi " Qala Ngokuzenzakalelayo ".
Isitoreji ku-Virt-Manager
Esinye isici esifuna ukusithinta isitoreji - Storage ku-Virt-Manager. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ifolda yohlelo lokugcina zonke izithombe zomshini ezibonakalayo zitholakala / var / lib / libvirt / izithombe. Ake sithi sine-hard drive ezinikele ngokuphelele kulowo msebenzi, futhi sikuthwele phezu / ikhaya / vms. Ukuyifaka ku- Umphathi we-Virt, sizulazula kwimenyu yaso -> Hlela -> imininingwane yokuxhuma -> Isitoreji. Ekhoneni elingezansi kwesobunxele sichofoza inkinobho «+«. Ngemuva kwalokho iWizard ye- «Dala ibhakede lesitoreji":
Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina esingakhetha kuzo. Imibhalo eningiliziwe esizoyithola ku- Umhlahlandlela Wokusatshalaliswa Kokusebenza kanye Nokuphatha, kusuka kuRed Hat. Sizokhetha owokuqala «i-dir: Isiqondisi Sesistimu yefayela".
Ekupheleni kwe-wizard, ithangi lesitoreji elisha liyasebenza futhi nesiqalo salo ngokuzenzekelayo.
Umshini wokuqala wokubuka
Sidinga ukuzulazula futhi sifunde izinketho ezahlukene ezinikezwa yi-Virt-Manager. Phawula esithombeni sesibili kuya kwesokugcina esiboniswe ngezansi ukuthi uma sifika kuzilungiselelo zomshini obonakalayo osanda kudalwa futhi ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa , kunketho ethi " Processor " , sihlola ibhokisi elithi "Configuration", "Kopisha ukucushwa kwe-CPU kusuka kumshini ophethe ." Lokhu kungase kungadingeki, kodwa silandela izincomo zikaDebian kanye nolwazi lwethu ngamaseva e-HP.
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bona ifayela: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.
Sizokwengeza nje ukuthi besilokhu sinale nkundla yokwenza izinto zibe ngokoqobo ezinkampanini ezimbili iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Naphezu kokuphazamiseka kukagesi, amakhompyutha ajwayelekile " avumelaniswe " ukuze asebenze njengamaseva, kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ezingaba khona ezweni elisathuthuka njengelethu, i-Qemu-Kvm ibilokhu isebenza kahle, njengoba kunjalo nangamaseva asebenzayo kuyo.
Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana ilusizo kuwe.
Ukulethwa okulandelayo?
" I-Virsh ku-Debian "
Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuzoba uchungechunge lwezihloko eziphathelene namaNethiwekhi Ekhompyutha ama-SME . Sizobe sikulindile!