I-Python iwulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngemuva konyaka wentuthuko, Ukukhishwa kwenguqulo ezinzile kwamenyezelwa kanye nokuqala kwesigaba sokuhlola i-alpha solimi lokuhlela Python 3.12 kanye nePython 3.13 (ngokulandelana). Kuthiwa leli gatsha elisha le-Python 3.12 lizosekelwa unyaka nesigamu, ngemva kwalokho, eminye iminyaka emithathu nengxenye, ukulungiswa kuzokwenziwa ukuze kuqedwe ukukhubazeka.
Inguqulo entsha yePython 3.12 eyethulwa iza nentuthuko kuhlelo ukuguquguquka kokuhlaziywa kwe-f-string. Ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa manje imikhawulo eminingi ingashiywa eceleni, njengoba ngokwesibonelo usungakwazi manje ukuqukatha noma yisiphi isisho esivumelekile ku-Python, okuhlanganisa izinkulumo zemigqa eminingi, amazwana, ama-backslash, kanye nokulandelana kokuphunyuka kwe-Unicode. Ukwengeza, amayunithi ezinhlamvu angaphakathi manje avumela ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izingcaphuno ezifanayo, okungukuthi izingcaphuno eziphindwe kabili manje zingaphinda zisetshenziswe ngaphakathi. ngaphandle kokuthi ushintshele ekucaphuneni okukodwa.
Isibonelo:
f"""{f'''{f'{f"{1+1}"}'}'''}"""
Manje sekungenzeka ukwenza isidleke ngokuzenzakalelayo:
f"{f"{f"{f"{f"{f"{1+1}"}"}"}"}}"}"
Olunye ushintsho olugqamile yi ukusekela otolika abancane abangabodwa kanye nezingidi zomhlaba ezihlukene, okuhloswe ngazo ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengoba kubatoliki abahlukene ngaphakathi kwenqubo i-CPython ivumela otolika abaningana ukuba basebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa enqubweni. Njengoba imile, isici okwamanje sitholakala kuphela nge-C-API (usekelo lwe-Python API luzovela egatsheni elikhulu elilandelayo).
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kubuye kugqanyiswe ukuthiOkuqukethwe okunolwazi kwemilayezo yephutha kunyusiwe futhi uhla lokuhlukile lwandisiwe, lunikeza izincomo zokuqeda amaphutha okubhala. Isibonelo, iziphakamiso zokungenisa amamojula welabhulali ajwayelekile asekhohliwe kanye neziphakamiso zesiqalo esithi "self" manje ziyaboniswa.
Kwengezwe amandla okusebenzisa iphrothokholi yebhafa kukhodi yePython. Amakilasi anikeza indlela ethi "__buffer__()" manje angasetshenziswa njengezinhlobo ezisebenza ngokuqondile kudatha kanambambili esenkumbulweni.
Imodyuli i-sys.monitoring ihlongozelwe ukususa iphutha kanye nokwenza iphrofayela, ikuvumela ukuthi ugade imicimbi ku-CPython efana nezingcingo, ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi, ukukhishwa kwemigqa yekhodi engafanele, okuhlukile kanye noshintsho olune-overhead encane.
Umhumushi usebenzisa usekelo lwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux kernel, okuvumela amagama omsebenzi we-Python ukuthi anqunywe lapho kwenziwa iphrofayela kusetshenziswa insiza yokusebenza (ngaphambilini, amagama omsebenzi we-C kuphela ayenqunywa ekulandeleleni).
Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, kushiwo lokho ukulungiselelwa kuqhubekile, ngawo Inzuzo yokusebenza isiyonke elinganiselwa ku-5% isitholiwe., kwaphinde kwengezwa ukwesekwa kokuhlola kwe-BOLT optimizer kanambambili enqubweni yokwakha, ukwandisa ukusebenza ngo-1-5%, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwephakheji ye-asyncio kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu (okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ukusheshisa kwe-75%).
Ukunwetshwa okungaphakathi komugqa kokuqonda kohlu sekuqalisiwe, okusheshisa ukusebenza ngokuqondwa kohlu kuze kufike izikhathi ezimbili (kukhodi esebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuqonda kohlu, ukuhlola kubonise ukukhuphuka kokusebenza kukonke ngo-11%).
Ukwenza ngcono ezokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe- I-SHA1, SHA3, SHA2-384, SHA2-512 kanye ne-MD5 algorithms ku-hahlib ashintshiwe ngezinketho eziqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni ezivela kuphrojekthi ye-HACL* (ukusebenza okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kusetshenziswa kuphela uma i-OpenSSL ingatholakali).
Of ezinye izinguquko okugqamile:
- Imojula ikhulise ukwesekwa kweWindows.
- I-Python isebenzisa ukuvikela ukuchichima kwesitaki.
Ukudalwa kwe-asyncio.Isigaba somsebenzi sisheshisiwe. - Usayizi wezinto ze-Unicode wehliswe ngamabhayithi angu-8 kuye kwayi-16.
- Imisebenzi enezisho ezivamile i-re.sub(), re.subn() kanye ne-re.Pattern isheshisiwe.
- Ukuhlola i-isinstance() kwezinye izivumelwano kusheshiswe izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-20.
- Ngokuphawulekayo (kokunye ukuhlola kufika ku-64%) imisebenzi ye-tokenize.tokenize() kanye ne-tokenize.generate_tokens() isheshisiwe.
- Ukulayishwa kwesibaluli nokubiza indlela ye-super() kusheshisiwe.
- I-syntax yesichasiselo yohlobo olusha, oluhlangene kakhudlwana isiphakanyiselwe amakilasi ajwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi.
- Imojuli yesiphequluli sewebhu ayisasekeli iziphequluli ezindala ezihlanganisa i-Grail, i-Mosaic, i-Netscape, i-Galeon, i-Skipstone, i-Iceape, i-Firebird, ne-Firefox kuze kube yinguqulo engu-36.
- Ukulungiselela ukulungiselelwa okuzayo, ukumelwa kwangaphakathi kwama-integer kushintshiwe.
Okokugcina, njengoba kushiwo, ukuhlolwa kwe-alpha kwePython 3.13 sekuqalile, lapho imodi yokuhlanganisa ivele khona. I-CPython engenawo ukukhiya umhumushi womhlaba wonke (GIL, I-Global Interpreter Lock).
Igatsha I-Python 3.13 izoba ku-alpha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa, lapho izici ezintsha zizongezwa futhi iziphazamisi zilungiswe ngokuvumelana neshejuli entsha yokuthuthukiswa, umsebenzi egatsheni elisha uqala izinyanga ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwegatsha langaphambilini futhi ngesikhathi inguqulo elandelayo ifinyelela esigabeni sokuhlola i-alpha.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinguqulo ze-beta zizohlolwa izinyanga ezintathu, lapho ukungeza izici ezintsha kuzovinjelwa futhi konke ukunaka kuzokhokhwa ekulungiseni iziphazamisi. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili zokugcina ngaphambi kokukhululwa, igatsha liyoba sesimweni sokukhululwa, lapho kuzoqiniswa khona okokugcina.
Ekugcineni yebo unentshisekelo yokwazi okwengeziwe ngayo, ungabheka imininingwane kufayela le- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.