Andrew Huang, ummeli owaziwayo we-hardware evulekile futhi owine i-EFF Pioneer Award ka-2012, wethule ipulatifomu yomthombo ovulekile «I-Precursor» wokuqagela amadivayisi amasha weselula.
Ngokufana nokuthi i-Raspberry Pi ne-Arduino awanika amandla kanjani amadivayisi we-Intanethi Yezinto, i-Precursor ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngekhono lokuklama nokuhlanganisa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene eselula ngezandla zakho ukuxazulula izinkinga zakho.
Umqashi ibekwe njengengxenyekazi ye-prototyping nokuqinisekisa, ngenkathi Ukubethelwa kungenye yamadivayisi eselula alungele ukusetshenziswa akhiwe esisekelweni se-Precursor.
Njengoba ukufakwa kwendabuko okusetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kokhiye we-cryptographic ongavikelwanga ekuhlaselweni okuphezulu, okufana nokuqoqwa kwephasiwedi usebenzisa ama-keystroke logger noma ukufinyelela imilayezo ngesithombe-skrini, i-Betrusted ingeza izinto zokuxhumana zomsebenzisi ( I-HCI, ukuxhumana komuntu nekhompyutha), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ebucayi engafundwa ngumuntu ayigcinwa, ikhonjiswe, noma idluliselwe ngaphandle kwedivayisi evikelwe.
Ngokungafani namanye amaphrojekthi, I-Precursor inikeza abathanda hhayi ibhodi kuphela, kodwa uhlobo olulungele ukusebenzisa kusuka kudivayisi ephathekayo nge:
- izindlu ezingama-aluminium ezingama-69 x 138 x 7,2 mm
- Isikrini se-LCD (336 × 536)
- ibhethri (1100 mAh Li-Ion)
- ikhibhodi encane
- isipikha
- motor vibration
- i-accelerometer ne-gyroscope.
Imodyuli yezamakhompiyutha ayinikezwa ngeprosesa ekulungele ukusetshenziswa, kepha nge-SoC echazwe yisoftware esekwe kuXilinx XC7S50 FPGA, lapho kuhlelwa khona ukulingiswa kwe-32-bit RISC-V CPU esebenza ku-100MHz.
Ngasikhathi sinye, akukho mingcele ekulingiseni ezinye izinto zehadiwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza kwama-processor ahlukahlukene, kusuka ku-6502 naku-Z-80 kuya ku-AVR ne-ARM, kanye nama-chip umsindo nezilawuli ezahlukahlukene.
Ibhodi lifaka i-16MB SRAM, i-128MB Flash, i-Silicon Labs WF200C Wi-Fi, i-USB Type-C, i-SPI, i²C, i-GPIO.
Emandleni ahlobene nokuphepha, kukhona ama-generator amabili we-pseudo-random number generator.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, idivayisi ngokuyisisekelo iza ngaphandle kwemakrofoni eyakhelwe ngaphakathi; ukwamukelwa komsindo kuqondakala ukuthi kungenzeka kuphela uma ama-headphone exhunywe ngokusobala, futhi uma ama-headphone engaxhunyiwe, akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukuhlela ukulalela, noma ngabe isoftware yedivayisi isengozini.
I-chip yokuxhumana okungenantambo (I-Wi-Fi) i-hardware ehlukaniswe nayo yonke ingxenyekazi futhi isebenza endaweni ehlukile.
Ukuvikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, indlu ekhiywayo, i-RTC ehlukile yokulandela ubuqotho, ukuqapha ukunyakaza kwimodi yokulinda (i-accelerometer ne-gyroscope ivuliwe njalo) kuyasetshenziswa. Kukhona nochungechunge lokuzisula noluzilimaza ngokushesha yayo yonke idatha, esebenza ngukhiye we-AES.
Ulimi I-FHDL Migen (ulimi oluhlukanisiwe oluchaza ngehadiwe) olususelwa kuPython esetshenziselwa ukuchaza izingxenye zehadiwe.
IMigen iyingxenye yohlaka lweLiteX, ehlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yokwakha amasekethe kagesi.
Ngokususelwa ku-Precursor usebenzisa i-FPGA ne-Litex, ireferensi yokuNethembayo ilungiselelwe i-SoC, kufaka phakathi i-VexRISC-V RV32IMAC 100 MHz CPU, kanye nomshayeli we-Betrusted-CE oshumekwe nge-18 MHz Litex VexRISC-V RV32I core.
I-SoC Betrusted inikeza isethi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yama-cryptographic primitives, njenge-pseudo-random number generator, AES-128, -192, -256 enezindlela ze-ECB, CBC kanye ne-CTR, SHA-2 ne-SHA-512, injini yeCurve25519 elliptic curve crypto. Injini yokubethela ibhalwe ku-SystemVerilog futhi isuselwa kumakhodi wokubethela avela kuphrojekthi ye-Google OpenTitan.
Zonke izingxenye ze-Precursor and Betrusted zingumthombo ovulekile futhi ayatholakala ukuze aguqulwe futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwe-Open Hardware License 1.2, edinga ukuthi yonke imisebenzi etholakele ivulwe ngaphansi kwelayisense efanayo.
Kubandakanya amasekethe avulekile nemibhalo ephelele yokuqanjwa kwamabhodi amakhulu asizayo, ukuqaliswa kwe-Betrusted SoC ngomumo, kanye nesilawuli sokulawula (EC).
Uma unesifiso sokwazi okwengeziwe ngakho, ungabhalisa kusixhumanisi esilandelayo ukuze uzokwaziswa lapho yesikhulumi itholakala ngokugcwele.