Izimpahla ze-Crypto kanye ne-Cryptocurrencies: Yini okufanele siyazi ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa?

Iphinde yagqanyiswa noma ibikhona ulwazi lomphakathi emhlabeni isihloko se-Cryptoassets, ikakhulukazi leyo ephathelene nodaba lwe Criptomonedas, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwe- I-Libra cryptocurrency kanye nalo "I-Calibra Wallet" ngu «Inhlangano yeLibra» ezinye zazo okuyizinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nezentengiselwano emhlabeni jikelele eziyingxenye, phakathi kwazo Facebook, njengoba kusanda kuxoxwa eposini lethu elibiziwe: I-Libra blockchain-based cryptocurrency nge-wallet yakho yedijithali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuyiswa okusha kwamanani entengo we- i-Cryptocurrency yokuqala, eyaziwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu, ebizwa nge- «Bitcoin», Intengo yakhe kulezi zinsuku (Juni-2019) icishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyi-10 zamaRandi (i-USD) ethande ukuqhuma kwezindaba kuma-Cryptoassets omhlaba wamanje nasesikhathini esizayo. Yini eyenza kudingeke ukwenza izici ezaziwayo, imigomo noma imiqondo ehlobene ne- Ama-Cryptoassets nama-Cryptocurrensets ukwandisa impumelelo yokutholwa kwabo, ngoba lezi basekela impumelelo yabo ekuthembekeni nasekusebenziseni abasebenzisi babo.

Njengamanje nasemhlabeni jikelele kukhona okuhle futhi okunenzuzo izimpahla ze-crypto namaphrojekthi we-cryptocurrency ayaqhubeka. Eminye ngamaphrojekthi wakamuva nakusasa okulondoloziwe ezihambisana nezikhungo zamanje zamabhange zomhlaba, ezinye izinhlelo ezindala nezakamuva abasha ezihambisana nezinhlangano ezinkulu nezincane ezizimele nezentengiselwano, kanti ezimbalwa kungamaphrojekthi amanje nazayo kuyaheha zihambisana nezindikimba zomphakathi emazweni athile.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyasiza kakhulu ukwazi nokuqonda kahle ngangokunokwenzeka Izimpahla ze-Crypto kanye ne-Cryptocurrensets kanye nawo wonke amatemu awo ahlobene nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuze bona nabo bonke labo okungathi ngesikhathi esithile bamenywe, baphoqwe futhi baze bayalwe ukuthi basebenzise.

Amatemu nobuchwepheshe obuhambisana nawo

Umnotho Wedijithali

Yindawo entsha yezohwebo esekuthuthukisweni okugcwele nokwandiswa. Kusho konke ukuhweba nge-elekthronikhi noma kwedijithali okwenziwa nge-Intanethi kanye ne-Information and Communication Technologies yakamuva (ICT) ukuze wenze futhi uthole imikhiqizo emisha nengcono, izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ngokuchofoza okumbalwa. Ngenkathi i-Electronic Commerce ibhekisa eqinisweni uqobo, inqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa imikhiqizo ngezindlela zikagesi, ezinjengezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ne-Intanethi.

Le ndawo entsha ibandakanya futhi ihlanganise ngokuqhubekayo nangokucacile ubuchwepheshe bezinkambu ezahlukahlukene (ezemfundo, ezomsebenzi, ezikaqedisizungu, ezezimali, ezentengiselwano, ezokuxhumana ngocingo) ukuthola ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle, eziphephile nezenzelwe umuntu ngamunye.

Emnothweni Wedijithali, I-inthanethi isebenza njengengxenyekazi yendawo yonke yokwenziwa komsebenzi, ukwakhiwa kwengcebo, kanye nokwabiwa nokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Konke lokhu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo zomphakathi wanamuhla, umphakathi wezobuchwepheshe osuselwe olwazini.

Ezobuchwepheshe Bezezimali

I-Financial Technologies, ezikhathini eziningi ebizwa ngokuthi «Ezezimali Zobuchwepheshe» noma iFinTech, umqondo ogama lawo livela kuwo isifinyezo yamagama esiNgisi "Ubuchwepheshe Bezezimali". Futhi ibhekisa kubo bonke lobo buchwepheshe besimanje obusetshenziswa yizinhlangano (izinkampani, amabhizinisi nezimboni), ezomphakathi nezizimele, kunoma yimuphi umkhakha (ezezimali, ezentengiso, ezobuchwepheshe nezenhlalo) ukudala nokunikela ngemikhiqizo emisha, izimpahla nezinsizakalo.

Abanye badla ngoludala, imvamisa babheka njenge FinTech kuphela iqoqo lezinkampani emkhakheni wezezimali ezinikela ngemibono emisha namamodeli wezomnotho nakwezohwebo ngokusebenzisa i-ICT entsha nesimanje kakhulu. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa lo mqondo kubalwa i-Distributed Accounting Technology (DLT) neBlockchain Technology (Blockchain) ne-Crypto-commerce (i-Cryptoassets ne-Cryptocurrencies).

Ngokufingqa, i-Financial Technologies ine Inhloso yokwenza ubuchwepheshe besimanjemanje buhlinzekele inani elikhulu kakhulu labathengi, izixazululo ezingcono (izimpahla noma izinsizakalo) ezezimali nezentengiso ngezindlela ezifinyeleleka kalula, ezonga imali, ezisebenza kahle, ezinkulu, ezisobala, ezivikelekile nezizimele.

Ubuchwepheshe Obusabalalisiwe Bokubalwa Kwezimali (i-DLT)

Kusatshalaliswe iLedger Technology, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-DLT yayo evela emshweni othi "Distributed Ledger Technology" Imvamisa isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezentuthuko yangasese, kepha ifaka iBlockchain Technology, efanayo ngokufanayo kepha inkambu yentuthuko yomphakathi. I-DLT ibhekisa kuphela kubuchwepheshe ngendlela ephelele, okungukuthi, kubuchwepheshe obwenza ukuthengiselana okungenzeka kwi-Intanethi ngendlela ephephile futhi ngaphandle kwabalamuli, ngokusebenzisa imininingwane ehanjisiwe, eqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki nokuvikelwa kwemininingwane ye-cryptographic.

Ukukhuluma nge-DLT kufaka phakathi, imiqondo yenethiwekhi yenodi esatshalalisiwe nehlukanisiwe, ebhekisa kulabo abasingathi abagcina ikhophi ledatha esetshenzisiwe, ukuvikela idatha ukuthi ingasetshenziswa, ngaphandle uma kukhona Ukuhlaselwa kwe-51%, okungekho okunye okudlula ukuhlaselwa lapho isigelekeqe silawula iningi lama-node, siphazamisa izinqumo zenethiwekhi, sikwazi ukushintsha konke ngokuthanda. Ngakho-ke kwephula umthetho wokuphatha kwinethiwekhi, ozama ukugcina intando yeningi ilinganiselana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli (ama-node), ukuze kungabikho nkohliso noma ukuphathwa phakathi kwabo.

Umqondo weBlockchain akufanele udidaniswe ne-DLT. Ukwenza ukufanisa ukuqonda yomibili imiqondo kungashiwo ukuthi, Uma kukhulunywa ngezimali, i-DLT kungaba umqondo uqobo wayo othi «Imali» futhi iBlockchain kungaba eyodwa ngokukhethekile, isibonelo, iDollar, i-Euro, iRuble noma iYuan. Njengoba nje ngayinye yalezi zingenye zezimali eziningi, iBlockchain iyi-DLT. I-DLT yigama elijwayelekile, kanti iBlockchain yigama elithile, elidinga ukuthandwa kwalo ekuqhamukeni kwezimpahla ze-crypto, ikakhulukazi ama-cryptocurrensets. Ngakho-ke uma ukhuluma ngeBlockchain, umuntu uvame ukubhekisa kungxenyekazi yokuqala ye- "Bitcoin", abe ngowokuqala ukwenziwa.

Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain

Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBlockchain, ngegama layo esiNgisini, iyakhuluma ngalokho ubuchwepheshe obubandakanya ukulandelana kwamabhulokhi agcina imininingwane ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, futhi okumele futhi kuqinisekiswe ngabasebenzisi bayo kusukela ekudalweni kwayo kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi lapho ibhulokhi ngayinye iqukethe isikhombisi se-hash kubhlokhi eyandulelayo, kwakheka inethiwekhi exhunyiwe. IBlockchain nayo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa negama lenhlangano ezimele eyenza i-block explorer nayo enegama elifanayo.

KuBlockchain, i-hash ayilutho olunye ngaphandle kwesethi yamadijithi angahleliwe asebenza njengokumelwa okuncane kweminye imininingwane yanoma iluphi usayizi. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kubuchwepheshe obushiwo. Njengoba i-block ngayinye ine-hash yayo eyingqayizivele eyabelwe, ngaphezu kwedatha egcinwe kuyo kanye ne-hash yebhulokhi langaphambilini. AmaHashs asetshenziswa ngendlela yokuthi uma okuqukethwe kwebhulokhi kuguquka, i-hash yalelo bhulokhi iyashintsha. Futhi uma i-hashi iguqulwa ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kokushintshwa kokuqukethwe, ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka kuwo wonke amabhulokhi ngemuva kwayo.

Ngakho IBlockchain iba uhlobo lokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe obuhleliwe ohlelweni olubethelwe ngokwemvelo, enikeza izindlela eziphephile nezithembekile kubasebenzisi, ubunikazi babo, idatha kanye nokuthengiselana, ngaphandle kwesidingo sabalamuli, nge-Intanethi. Indlela eqinisekisa ukuthi konke okwenziwe kuvumelekile, kuqinisekisiwe futhi akunakuguqulwa, okungukuthi, kunezimpawu zokungaguquguquki.

Izimayini Zedijithali

I-Digital Mining imvamisa ibhekisa esenzweni (izindlela noma izenzo) zokuxazulula ibhulokhi, ukuqinisekisa konke okwenziwayo okuqukethe ukuthola umvuzo ngokubuyisela. Ngamanye amagama, inqubo lapho umphathi (i-node) axazulula khona ukusebenza kwe-cryptographic ngaphakathi kweBlockchain, okuvame ukudala amathokheni, izimpahla ze-crypto noma ama-cryptocurrensets njengemikhiqizo yokugcina. Yonke le nqubo imvamisa ihamba ngejubane elisungulwe ngobuchule obucace kahle kanye nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe esivele imiselwe ngaphambili.

Esenzweni esishiwo, ngokuyisisekelo i-node iqinisekisa ukuthengiselana njengokuvumelekile, ukuyipakisha kubhulokhi kanye ne-hash yayo ehambisanayo, bese ukhetha i-hash yebhulokhi yangaphambilini bese uyifaka kuleyo yamanje. Ngemuva kwalokho sebenzisa i-algorithm yemvumelwano yaseBlockchain ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-node yenze imizamo edingekayo yokuqedela ibhulokhi eyabelwe futhi ithole umvuzo wayo ohambelana nayo.

Ezimayini Zedijithali, Ama- «Consensus Algorithms» awalutho ngaphandle kwesethi yemithetho yokunquma ukuthi iyiphi ikhophi yeBlockchain evumelekile nokuthi yini engekho. Le mithetho ingachazwa nje ngokuthi: "Iketanga elide kakhulu elizohlale libhekwa njengelifanele kunazo zonke lelo leBlockchain enamabhulokhi amaningi" kanye "Nochungechunge lwamabhulokhi anokwesekwa okukhulu kuzothathwa njengokuvumelekile." Kuningi «Ama-algorithm wesivumelwano» Okwamanje ukukala ukusekelwa kwenethiwekhi, kepha phakathi kwaziwa kakhulu yile: Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi / i-POW kanye nobufakazi besiteki / i-POS.

Ngaphandle kwe- «Consensus Algorithms», i- «eyaziwayo«Ukubethela noma Ukubethela Ama-algorithm »okuyimisebenzi eguqula umlayezo ube uchungechunge olungafundeki ngokungahleliwe. Ngaphakathi kweBlockchain lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana. Ezinye zazo yilezi: CryptoNote, CryptoNight, Equihash, Scrypt, SHA neX11.

Amathokheni, ama-Cryptoassets nama-cryptocurrensets

Ngaphakathi kweBlockchain, Amathokheni ngokuvamile achazwa njengophawu lwe-cryptographic olumele iyunithi yenani elingatholwa ngayo ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva ukuthola izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Phakathi kwezinto eziningi, iTokheni lingasetshenziswa ukunikeza ilungelo, ukukhokhela umsebenzi owenziwe noma ukwenziwa, ukudlulisa idatha, noma njengesikhuthazo noma isango lokuthola izinsizakalo ezihlobene noma ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza.

Ngenkathi i- I-Cryptoactive imvamisa ichazwa njengophawu olukhethekile olunikezwayo futhi ludayiswe ngaphakathi kwepulatifomu ye-blockchain. Imvamisa ibhekisa kumathokheni ehlukene akhona (ama-cryptocurrensets, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, izinhlelo zokubusa, phakathi kwezinye) nezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezisebenzisa i-cryptography ukuze zisebenze.

Ekugcineni, i-Cryptocurrency ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi ze-Crypto Asset, yona, eyisigaba salokho okwaziwa njenge-Digital Asset. Lapho Impahla yeDijithali ithathwa njengento ekhona ngefomethi kanambambili futhi iza nelungelo layo lokusebenzisa elifanele, okuthi uma ingeyona eyayo, ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengempahla edijithali. Ifa ledijithali kungaba yidokhumenti efakwe kwidijithali noma ifayili yemultimedia (umbhalo, umsindo, ividiyo, isithombe) esakazwayo noma egcinwe kudivayisi eyidijithali.

Ukuhwebelana nge-idijithali yemali

Ukushintshaniswa (Ukushintshaniswa) kwama-Cryptocurrencies kubhekisa kulawo mawebhusayithi lapho kwenziwa khona izenzo ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwama-cryptocurrensets. Lokhu kuvame futhi ukuvumela ukusebenza nezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla ezinjengamasheya noma ukuphepha kwezezimali okwamukelwa amalungu omphakathi akwenzayo.

Inhloso enkulu ye Ukushintshaniswa kwendabuko noma okwabiwa phansi (DEX), ukuvumela i- abasebenzisi (Abahwebi) Bangabamba iqhaza emakethe ye-crypto ephethwe ukuze bathole inzuzo ngokuya ngokuhluka kwamanani (amanani wamahhala) avela kuwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi livame amapulatifomu alawulwa kakhulu, ezihambisana namazinga we I-KYC (Yazi ikhasimende lakho) y I-AML (Ukushushumbisa Imali Ngendlela Engafanele). Futhi ngokuvamile bakhokhisa ngezinsizakalo zabo futhi qiniseka ukulinganiselwa kwemali ukubamba iqhaza kungxenyekazi yayo.

Ekugcineni, i- Ukuhwebelana Okuhlukanisiwe (DEX) Ngokungafani ne- Ukuhwebelana kwendabukoBasebenza ngezindlela ezifanayo kakhulu, noma kunjalo, abokuqala banamandla okusebenza ngendlela esezingeni eliphansi. okungukuthi, lokho kubo abekho abalamuli futhi ipulatifomu iyazimela ngenxa yohlelo lwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, bavame ukusho amazinga aphezulu obumfihlo ngisho nokungaziwa.

Isiphetho

Kunokuningi ongakufunda, ikakhulukazi ngemininingwane eminingi nokujula mayelana Nezimpahla ze-Crypto kanye ne-Cryptocurrencies, i-Financial Technologies neBlockchain. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo, okuvezwa lapha kwenza amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu osemusha noma umuntu ongajwayelekile kumele aqale ukuhlola futhi afunde ukuzilungiselela izinguquko ezizosho ukuthi lolu hlobo olusha lwemali ye-elekthronikhi noma yedijithali, okusongela kancane kancane ukunyamalala kwemali imali kanye nokuthembela, okuvela kuwo wonke amazwe ngokulingana, futhi kuze kuqale nokuncintisana nemali yezimpahla, njengeGolide, iSiliva, iCopper, phakathi kokunye; bese ufaka imali ebonakalayo yamawebhusayithi athile akhona.

Uma ufisa, funda ezinye izindatshana ezihlobene nendaba ngaphakathi kwebhulogi yethu, sincoma izindatshana ezilandelayo: «I-Crypto-Anarchism: Isoftware Yamahhala Nezimali Zobuchwepheshe, Ikusasa?»Futhi«ILatin America neSpain: Amaphrojekthi weBlockchain ane-Cryptocurrencies".