Izinhlelo zefayela: iyiphi ongayikhethela amadiski ami nokwahlukanisa kwami ​​ku-Linux?

Okwamanje, Izinhlelo zokusebenza mahhala futhi evulekile ngokususelwa ku- I-GNU / Linux ukusekela anhlobonhlobo Izinhlelo zefayela (amafayela), noma kungenzeka ukuthi yaziwa kakhulu futhi / noma isetshenzisiwe, kuseseyamanje I-EXT4.

Kepha empeleni: Yini okufanele kube elula kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni esikunikeza ama-Partitions, ama-Disks, ama-Operating Systems noma ama-Computer ethu? Yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga omunye anazo ngaphezu komunye?

Njengoba sivele sivezile ngaphambili, okungenzeka kusetshenziswe kakhulu futhi kwaziwa kakhulu Uhlelo lwefayela cishe I-GNU / Linux, yiba njengamanje I-EXT4. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:

"... el Isistimu yefayela enwetshiwe (i-EXT), kwakuwuhlelo lokuqala lwefayela olwenzelwe ngqo i-Linux Operating System. Yenzelwe uRémy Card ukunqoba ukulinganiselwa kohlelo lwefayela le-MINIX. Ithathelwe indawo yi-EXT2 kanye neXiafs, phakathi kwayo bekukhona umncintiswano, i-ext2 egcine iwunqobile, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside.".

Okungukuthi, i- Uhlelo lwefayela le-EXT, ucishe waba nayo iminyaka 30 ukuguquka. Kusuka ku- inguqulo 1 ngo-1992, edlula kweyakhe inguqulo 2 ngo-1993, it inguqulo 3 ngo-2001, kuze kube sesimanjemanje Uhlelo lwefayela I-EXT4 lokho kwakhululwa ngonyaka ka 2008. Okwamanje, kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, amanye amaFayile Systems amaningi abone impilo njengenye indlela esikhundleni samanje I-EXT4 ngezimpawu eziphawulekayo nokwehluka.

Izinhlelo zefayela ku-GNU / Linux

Ngokulandelayo sizobona izici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalowo nalowo, ukuze ubone ukuthi yikuphi okulula kakhulu esimweni ngasinye.

I-EXT4

• Ukhululwe ngo-2008.
• Igama layo limelela isistimu yefayela enwetshiwe yesine.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EXT3 yakudala iyashesha, okungukuthi, inentuthuko esivinini sokufunda nokubhala, futhi ayithambekele kakhulu ekuqhekekeni. Futhi, iyakwazi ukuphatha amasistimu wefayela amakhulu (kufika ku-1EiB = 1024PiB) nokusingatha amafayela amakhulu (aze afike ku-16TB). Futhi, inikezela ngemininingwane yosuku olunembe kakhulu lwefayela, inokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-CPU.
• Bekungokwesibili ochungechungeni lwe-EXT ukuthi kube yiTransactional File System, okungukuthi, inendlela esebenzisa ukuthengiselana noma amarekhodi ejenali, ngendlela yokugcina imininingwane edingekayo ukubuyisa imininingwane ethintekayo uma kwenzeka lokhu yehlulekile.
• Inokusekelwa kwe- "Extent". I- "Extent" ingukushintshwa kohlelo lwamabhuloki wendabuko olusetshenziswa yizinhlelo zamafayela we-EXT 2/3. I- "Extent" iqoqo lamabhulokhi ahlanganiswayo, anika iFayela System ikhono lalo lokwenza ngcono ukusebenza lapho lisebenza namafayela amakhulu futhi linciphisa ukuhlukana.

Lezi nezinye izici zikwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kumakhompyutha asekhaya nakubasebenzisi behhovisi, ezingadingi ukusetshenziswa okujulile kohlelo lwefayela. Izici zayo ezinhle nokusebenza kwazo kwanele inani elikhulu labasebenzisi nokusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha enokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, okungukuthi, okujwayelekile. Noma, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumaseva anesidingo esiphansi noma ukusebenza nakho kuhle kakhulu.

Inezici eziningi ezivelele, kepha lezi zinganwetshwa kuwebhusayithi ye- kernel.org, naku-athikili ekhethekile ekuwebhusayithi openource.com.

I-XFS

• I-XFS yidala kunawo wonke amafayili wezindaba atholakalayo kungxenyekazi ye-UNIX. Yadalwa yinkampani ye-SGI (eyayibizwa nge-Silicon Graphics Inc.) futhi yakhishwa ngo-1994. NgoMeyi 2000, i-SGI yakhipha i-XFS ngaphansi kwelayisense yomthombo ovulekile, eyayivumela ukuthi ifakwe ku-Linux kusuka enguqulweni 2.4.25. I-XFS isekela isistimu yefayela efinyelela kuma-exabyte ayi-9, ye-64 Bit ne-16 terabyte ye-32 Bit.
• I-XFS uhlelo lwefayela olusebenzisa ukushicilelwa, kanye ne-64-bit enamandla futhi esabekayo. Isekelwe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke isekela amafayela amakhulu nezinhlelo ezinkulu kakhulu zefayela. Inani lamafayili okungenzeka liqukethe uhlelo lwe-XFS lilinganiselwe kuphela ngesikhala esitholakala kusistimu yamafayela.
• I-XFS isekela omagazini be-metadata, abasiza ukululama okusheshayo ekushayweni. Izinhlelo zefayela le-XFS nazo zingachithwa futhi zandiswe ngenkathi zikhweziwe futhi zisebenza.

Lezi nezinye izici zikwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kumaSeva, ikakhulukazi ngokufunwa okuphezulu noma ukusebenza, okudinga ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kohlelo lwamafayela nezindlela eziqinile zokuthola okufanayo nedatha equkethwe. Ngamanye amagama, amaseva aphatha umthwalo omkhulu wokufunda / wokubhala wediski, imininingwane yolwazi ezimele yodwa noma aphathe ukusebenza okwabiwe kwewebhu, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Inezici eziningi ezivelele, kepha lezi zinganwetshwa kuwebhusayithi ye- I-Redhat.com, naku-athikili ekhethekile ekuwebhusayithi en.qwe.wiki.

Ama-Btrfs

• I-Btrfs (i-B-Tree FS) uhlelo lwesimanje lweLinux oluhlose ukusebenzisa izici ezithuthukile ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye lugxile ekubekezeleleni amaphutha, ukulungisa nokulungisa okulula.
• Yakhiwa ngokuhlanganyela yizinkampani eziningana, kepha inamalayisense ngaphansi kwe-GPL futhi ivulekile ukuthi noma ngubani anikele.
• Inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuphatha izitoreji ezinkulu, nokuthola, ukulungisa nokubekezelela amaphutha kudatha egcinwe kudiski.
• Iphatha isitoreji ngendlela ehlanganisiwe, ivumela ukuthi inikeze ngokudilizwa ezinhlelweni zefayela ezisetshenzisiwe.
• I-Btrfs isebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-Copy-on-Write (CoW), ivumela ukufundwa kuphela noma izifinyezo eziguquguqukayo, kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa komdabu kwamasistimu wefayela lamadivayisi amaningi futhi kusekela ukuphathwa kwevolumu engaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikela imininingwane (idatha nemethadatha) ngokusebenzisa amasheke (ama-checksums), isekela ukucindezelwa, ukwenziwa kahle kwamadiski e-SSD, ukupakisha kahle kwamafayela amancane nabanye abaningi.
• I-Btrfs codebase isephansi kwentuthuko eqhubekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala izinzile futhi iyashesha, futhi iyasebenziseka ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isimo. Ukuhamba kwayo okusheshayo kokuthuthuka kusho ukuthi ithuthuka kakhulu ngenguqulo entsha yeLinux, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi basebenzise i-kernel yakamuva uma bezoyisebenzisa.

Lezi nezinye izici zikwenza kube lula ukusetshenziselwa izindawo zokusebenza ezisebenza kakhulu namaSeva. Njengoba, ivelela amakhono ayo amahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lawo athuthukile, ngokuvamile, aqondiswe ngaphezu kokumane nje athuthukise ukusebenza, okungukuthi, agxile kakhulu ku ukuphathwa kwesitoreji nokuphepha.

Inezici eziningi ezivelele, kepha lezi zinganwetshwa kuwebhusayithi ye- kernel.org, naku-athikili ekhethekile ekuwebhusayithi elpuig.xeill.net.

Abanye abasetshenziswanga kancane noma abaziwa

• I-JFS
• I-OpenZFS
• I-ReiserFS
• I-UFS
• I-ZFS

Ukuphumula, I-GNU / Linux ingaphatha ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye okunye Izinhlelo ezingezona ezomdabu, wamadiski nokwahlukanisa okufana I-FAT32, i-exFAT ne-NTFS de IWindows, I-HFS + ne-AFS de Apple. Izinhlelo zefayela F2FS, UDF eduze exFAT okokushayela kwangaphandle noma kwe-flash (amadiski). Namanethiwekhi, afana I-NFS (isetshenziselwa ukwaba izinsizakusebenza phakathi kwemishini ye-Linux) noma I-SMB (ukwaba izinsizakusebenza phakathi kwemishini yeLinux neWindows).

Isiphetho

Siyethemba lokhu "okuthunyelwe okuwusizo okuncane" mayelana ne «Sistemas de archivos», kweyethu  «Distros GNU/Linux» ukwazi kangcono ukuthi iyiphi efanele thina «discos o particiones», yiba nentshisekelo nokusetshenziswa okuhle, kwayo yonke «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kanye negalelo elikhulu ekusabalalisweni kwemvelo emangalisayo, enkulu futhi ekhulayo yezicelo ze «GNU/Linux».

Futhi ukuthola eminye imininingwane, unganqikazi njalo ukuvakashela noma yikuphi Umtapo wolwazi oku-inthanethi njengoba I-OpenLibra y I-JedIT ukufunda izincwadi (ama-PDF) ngalesi sihloko noma ezinye izindawo zolwazi. Okwamanje, uma ukuthandile lokhu «publicación», ungayeki ukuyaba nabanye, ku- Amawebhusayithi ayizintandokazi, iziteshi, amaqembu, noma imiphakathi zokuxhumana nabantu, okungcono mahhala futhi evulekile njenge I-mastodon, noma ukuphepha nokuyimfihlo kwangasese yocingo.

Noma mane uvakashele ikhasi lethu lasekhaya ku- DesdeLinux noma ujoyine iSiteshi esisemthethweni I-Telegram ye DesdeLinux ukufunda nokuvotela lokhu noma ezinye izincwadi ezithakazelisayo ku- «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» nezinye izihloko ezihlobene ne- «Informática y la Computación»kanye «Actualidad tecnológica».