I-Awk: Ukufunda i-Shell Scripting Usebenzisa i-awk Terminal Command

Jose Albert

Imizuzu ye-4

I-Awk: Ukufunda i-Shell Scripting Usebenzisa i-awk Terminal Command

I-Awk: Ukufunda i-Shell Scripting Usebenzisa i-awk Terminal Command

Umyalo we- "awk" ku-Free Operating Systems yohlobo lwe-GNU / Linux umyalo onamandla kakhulu, osisiza ukuba sibe nokulawula okukhulu lapho sicubungula idatha kusuka kweminye imiyalo noma imiyalo. Igama elithi AWK lisuselwa kuma-initials ezibongo zabalobi bayo: Alfred Aho, peter Weinberger, noBrian Kzanele.

Lo myalo uhlinzeka ngolimi lokubhala ukucubungula umbhalo esingakwazi ukuwenza: Chaza okuguquguqukayo, sebenzisa izintambo nama-opharetha wezibalo, sebenzisa ukulawulwa kokugeleza nemijikelezo, futhi wenze imibiko efomathiwe. Empeleni, i-Awk ingaphezu komyalo wokucubungula iphethini, kuwulimi lonke lokuhlaziywa kwesemantic.

Isingeniso kumyalo we- "awk"

I-AWK ingenye yezinsiza zokuqala ezithandwa kakhulu zokuphatha (ukuphatha / ukukhipha) idatha ngokukhulisa ukusebenza kwamapayipi we-UNIX. Ulimi olunikezwe yile nsiza njengamanje luyindinganiso cishe kuwo wonke ama-Operating Systems wesimanje we-UNIX, kangangoba luyingxenye yemininingwane eyisisekelo ye-UNIX, ngakho-ke imvamisa selivele lifakwe kokuningi kokuzenzakalelayo.

I-syntax yayo ejwayelekile kakhulu yile: amafayela we-awk 'program' nokuthi 'program' kungaba kuphi: pattern {action} pattern {action}. Umyalo ufunda okokufaka kwefayela umugqa owodwa ngasikhathi. Umugqa ngamunye uqhathaniswa nephethini ngayinye ngokulandelana; Kwiphethini ngayinye efana nomugqa, kwenziwa isenzo esihambisanayo.

Isibonelo esilula njenge:

awk -F: '$1=="root" {print}' /etc/passwd

icela inkambu yokuqala uma iyimpande yomugqa ngamunye ku / etc / passwd bese iyiphrinta icubungula i - ":" nge -F: njengesahlukanisi senkambu.

Isibonelo Sesingeniso Awk

Izibonelo ezingokoqobo

Uhlu lwemiyalo esetshenziswe kakhulu

Buka uhlu olususelwa kumlando wesistimu yesistimu e-odiwe kusuka kokuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuya kokuncane.

history | awk '{a[$2]++}END{for(i in a){print a[i] " " i}}' | sort -rn | head

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 1: Awk command

Igrafu (Ithebula) nenombolo yokuxhumeka komsingathi ngamunye

Dala igrafu esekwe embhalweni ye-ASCII ekhombisa inani eliphelele lokuxhuma kusuka kumsingathi kukheli ngalinye le-IP.

netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | awk '{ printf("%s\t%s\t",$2,$1) ; for (i = 0; i < $1; i++) {printf("*")}; print "" }'

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 2: Awk command

Uhlu lwezikhombisi ngosayizi

Phrinta esikrinini uhlu lwemikhondo yendlela yamanje kusuka kokukhulu kuya kokuncane kakhulu okukhombisa amalebula ahambelana nosayizi wawo usebenzisa izinhlamvu: g, m, no k.

du --max-depth=1 | sort -r -n | awk '{split("k m g",v); s=1; while($1>1024){$1/=1024; s++} print int($1)" "v[s]"\t"$2}'

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 3: Awk command

Khombisa ithrafikhi kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi

Buka ukusetshenziswa kwedatha engenayo nephumayo ku-inthanethi kuma-kilobytes (kb) esibonakalayo esibekiwe senethiwekhi.

while [ /bin/true ]; do OLD=$NEW; NEW=`cat /proc/net/dev | grep eth0 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d' ' -f "3 11"`; echo $NEW $OLD | awk '{printf("\rin: % 9.2g\t\tout: % 9.2g", ($1-$3)/1024, ($2-$4)/1024)}'; sleep 1; done

Isibonelo:

Thola uchungechunge lwezinombolo ze-fibonacci

Dala uhlu lwezinombolo ze-X ezilandela iphethini ye-fibonacci enikezwe izinombolo eziyisisekelo ezi-2 ezizokwakhiwa.

seq 50| awk 'BEGIN {a=1; b=1} {print a; c=a+b; a=b; b=c}'

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 5: Awk command

Uhlu lwezithombe zesakhiwo sefayela ngosayizi

Thola Uhlu lwawo wonke amafolda asempandeni yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemidwebo (imigoqo) nokumelwa kwamanani njengephesenti losayizi wawo ngaphakathi kwawo.

t=$(df|awk 'NR!=1{sum+=$2}END{print sum}');sudo du / --max-depth=1|sed '$d'|sort -rn -k1 | awk -v t=$t 'OFMT="%d" {M=64; for (a=0;a<$1;a++){if (a>c){c=a}}br=a/c;b=M*br;for(x=0;x<b;x++){printf "\033[1;31m" "|" "\033[0m"}print " "$2" "(a/t*100)"% total"}'

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 6: Awk command

Bhala uhlu olufingqiwe lwezinhlobo zamafayela ku-Directory

Khombisa uhlu lwezinhlobo zamafayela aqukethwe enkombeni kanye nenombolo yamafayela ehambisanayo.

find . -type f | awk -F'.' '{print $NF}' | sort| uniq -c | sort -g

Isibonelo:

Isibonelo 8: Awk command

Lezi zibonelo zemigqa yomyalo zisebenzisa umyalo we-awk ngiyethemba uzithola zilusizo kakhulu. Futhi zingasetshenziswa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngqo kusuka kukhonsoli noma ngokungaqondile ngokuzifaka kuskripthi (umsebenzi ozenzakalelayo).

Kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo kuShell Scripting sizohlola eminye imiyalo.

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