I-Shell, iBash Nemibhalo: Konke mayelana neShell Scripting.

Kuleli thuba elisha (Ukungena # 8) cishe "Funda i-Shell Scripting" sizogxila kakhulu kumcabango kunokuzijwayeza. okungukuthi, ngeke sifake noma sifunde ikhodi noma sifake isoftware ethile (iphakethe), kepha sizocubungula ukuthi yini umhlaba Isikripthi se-Shell ukukhuluma kahle, ngezimpendulo zemibuzo emincane kodwa eqondile, ekhonjiswe ngezansi, ukucacisa kuze kube manje okuningi okufundisiwe, okungabhekisi ngqo kukhodi yangaphakathi ehlelwe:

Liyini iShell Kuhlelo Lokusebenza lwe-GNU / Linux?

Igobolondo elisho ngeSpanishi ukuthi iCONCHA (igobolondo, ikhava, ukuvikelwa). Kusetshenziswe leli gama ku-Operating Systems kubhekisa kutolika womyalo wohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, kuyisixhumi esibonakalayo sokusebenza okuphezulu, esivezwe ngesimo seTheminali (Ikhonsoli) futhi sisetshenziselwa izindawo ezintathu zomsebenzi ezibalulekile:

1.- Phatha i-OS,
2.- Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi uhlanganyele nazo, futhi
3.- Khonza njengendawo eyisisekelo yohlelo.

Ama-SO amaningi, I-GNU / Linux zisalawulwa ngokuyimpumelelo ngokuhlela amafayela wazo wokumisa, ngeTheminali. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, lezi zitholakala endleleni oya kuyo: «/ njll ", nangaphakathi kwezikhombisi-ndlela ezithile zohlelo ngalunye. Isibonelo, uhlelo Lilo (emele iLinux Loader) ihlelwe ngokuhlela ifayela lombhalo elitholakala futhi libizwe njenge "/Etc/lilo/lilo.conf". Endabeni yezinhlelo (izinhlelo zokusebenza), lezi ziyethulwa (zenziwe / zenziwe zasebenza) ngokubhala igama labazosebenza, uma litholakala endleleni (indlela ezenzakalelayo) yabo bonke abaphumelelayo, njengoba kujwayelekile "/ Usr / bin" , noma ngokuthayipha igama lokusetshenziswayo elandelwa ngu: ./, kusuka enkombeni lapho zitholakala khona.

Konke lokhu kwaziwa noma yimuphi umsebenzisi weShell. Kodwa-ke, amandla ayo njengendawo yohlelo awaziwa kakhulu futhi ayaziswa. Izikripthi (izinhlelo) ezenziwe kuShell azidingi ukuhlanganiswa. AbakwaShell babachaza ngomugqa ngomugqa. Ngakho-ke, lawa aziwa noma aqanjwe ngokuthi ama-Shells Scripts, futhi angahluka kusuka kumiyalo elula kuya ochungechungeni lwemiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqalisa i-OS uqobo. une-syntax ehlanzekile (esobala) (ukwakhiwa, uku-oda), kubenza indawo enhle yokuqala emhlabeni wohlelo.

Kuyini iShell Scripting?

Kuyindlela (ikhono / ubuciko) bokuklama nokwakha iSkripthi (ifayela le-task automation) kusetshenziswa iShell (okungcono) yoHlelo Lokusebenza, noma i-Text Editor (Graphic noma iTheminali). Lolu uhlobo lolimi lohlelo oluhunyushwa ngokujwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ngenkathi izinhlelo eziningi zihlanganiswa (zifakwe ikhodi), ngoba ziguqulwa unomphela zibe yikhodi ethile (ekhethekile) ngaphambi kokuthi zenziwe (inqubo yokuhlanganiswa), iskripthi seShell sihlala sisefomini yaso yoqobo (umthombo wombhalo wekhodi) futhi umyalo ohunyushiwe ngomyalo isikhathi ngasinye lapho bebulawa. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi imibhalo ingahlanganiswa nayo, yize kungejwayelekile.

Yiziphi izici zezinhlelo ezisuselwa ezinhlelweni ngaphansi kweShell Scripting?

1.- Kulula ukubhala (uhlelo), kepha ngezindleko zokucubungula eziphakeme lapho zenziwa.

Basebenzisa otolika esikhundleni sabahlanganisi ukwenza

3.- Banobudlelwano bokuxhumana nezinto ezibhalwe ngezinye izilimi ezihlelayo.

Amafayela aqukethe agcinwa njengombhalo ocacile.

5.- Idizayini yokugcina (ikhodi) imvamisa incane kunalokho okungalingana nolimi oluhlanganisiwe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezilimi ezithandwa kakhulu ngaphansi kweShell Scripting?

1.- Umsebenzi nolimi lokulawula igobolondo

a) cmd.exe (Windows NT, Windows CE, OS / 2),
b) COMMAND.COM (DOS, Windows 9x),
c) i-csh, iBash, i-AppleScript, sh,
d) I-JScript nge-Windows Script Host,
e) I-VBScript nge-Windows Script Host,
f) I-REXX, phakathi kokunye okuningi.

2.- I-GUI Scripting (Izilimi ze-Macros):

a) I-AutoHotkey,
b) I-AutoIt,
c) Lindela,
d) I-Automator, phakathi kokunye.

Ulimi lokubhala lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile:

a) I-ActionScript ku-Flash,
b) IMATLABU,
c) umbhalo we-MIRC,
d) I-QuakeC, phakathi kokunye.

Izinhlelo ze-Web (zamakhasi ashukumisayo):

a) Ohlangothini lweseva:

- I-PHP,
- ASP (Amakhasi eSeva asebenzayo),
- Amakhasi weJavaServer,
- ColdFusion,
- IPTSCRAE,
- Lasso,
- Iskripthi se-MIVA,
- SMX,
- XSLT, phakathi kwabanye.

b) Ohlangothini lwekhasimende:

- IJavaScript,
- JScript,
- VBScript,
- Tcl, phakathi kwabanye.

Izilimi zokucubungula iZwi:

- AWK,
- Perl,
- womile,
- XSLT,
- UBash, phakathi kwabanye.

Izilimi eziguqukayo zenhloso ejwayelekile:

- APL,
- Boo,
- UDylan,
- UFerite,
- Umdlandla,
- IO,
- Lisp,
- Lua,
- IZIMPENDU (M),
- INewLISP,
- UNuva,
- Perl,
- I-PHP,
- iPython,
- Ruby,
- Isikimu,
- Ukuxoxisana,
- SuperCard,
- I-Tcl,
- Revolution, phakathi kwabanye.

Yini iBash ku-GNU / Linux?

Kuluhlelo lwekhompyutha olunomsebenzi wokuhumusha ama-oda. Kususelwa ku Igobolondo le-Unix futhi kuyasekelwa I-POSIX. Yabhalelwa iphrojekthi ye-GNU futhi iyi-Shell ezenzakalelayo yokusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux.

Uyini umbhalo weShell ku-GNU / Linux?

Imibhalo yeShell ziwusizo olukhulu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubhala lezo zidingo esinazo bese uhlela imibhalo esenzela lo msebenzi. Okwamanje, sekuyisikhathi sokuzibuza ukuthi siyini ngempela isikripthi. Ifayela lombhalo, eliqukethe uchungechunge lwemiyalo yeShell, uhlelo olwenza ngendlela ehlelekile, kusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Ukuze uwahlele, udinga umhleli wombhalo kuphela, njenge-Emacs, Vi, Nano, phakathi kokuningi okukhona. Zigcinwa nge-extension ".sh" (noma ngaphandle kwayo, kwezinye izimo) futhi ziqhutshwa zisuka kwaShell zisebenzisa umyalo: sh script name.sh. Izikripthi ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo nemiyalo yeShell.

Indlela yokufundisa engiyisebenzisa mathupha "Funda i-Shell Scripting" Kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi kuqondile, okungukuthi, ukuhlola iSkripthi esisebenza ngokuphelele, ukubola, ukutadisha umusho ngomusho, umugqa ngomugqa, umyalo ngomyalo, okuguquguqukayo ngokuguquguqukayo, uze uqonde ukuthi into ngayinye isebenza kanjani ngokuhlukile nokuthi isebenza kanjani kukhodi jikelele. Kuhle Ukubuyisela emuva Ubunjiniyela noma Ukuvuselelwa Kwesoftware. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokwaba ulwazi, ukulithuthukisa (ukulisebenzisa kahle) kanye nokwabelana ngalo, ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu kanye nokuphathwa nokwenza ngcono ama-Operating Systems amahhala.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani futhi isebenze kuShell ye-GNU / Linux?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusebenza neShell ukusebenzisa igobolondo. Okubukeka njengokukhohlisa kunesizathu sokuba khona. Kokunye ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux komsebenzisi wokugcina, igobolondo lifihlekile impela. Imvamisa, ibizwa ngokuthi: Konsole, Terminal, Terminal X, noma into efanayo. Enye inketho ukusebenzisa ikhonsoli ebonakalayo. Usebenzisa: Ctrl + Alt + f1, noma f2, noma f3 kuya f7 noma f8, kuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux oyisebenzisayo. Igobolondo elisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-GNU / Linux yiBash, yize kukhona ezinye, njenge-ksh noma i-C Shell. Mina, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zami ngisebenzisa iBash Shell.

Njengoba kunikezwe iSkripthi esenziwe eBash Shell esibizwa hello_world.sh okulandelayo kungachazwa:

Okuqukethwe:

#! / bin / bash
echo sawubona mhlaba

Ukuhlukana:

Ulayini wokuqala weskripthi
#! / bin / bash

Ikhombisa uhlelo okufanele lusebenze iskripthi. Uma uhlelo lungatholakali, kuzovela iphutha.

Ulayini wesibili weskripthi
echo sawubona mhlaba

Yenza umyalo we-echo ngezimpikiswano ze-Hello World, okwenza ukuba ziboniswe esikrinini.

Ukubulawa: Singaqhuba iskripthi ngezindlela ezimbili

Inxusa utolika ukusebenzisa iskripthi:
# bash sawubona_mhlaba.sh

Ingasebenza futhi njenge:
# sh sawubona_mhlaba.sh

Kepha njengoba iShell yakho efanele ingabizwanga, ingahle isebenze uhhafu. Ngokufanelekile, iShell efakwe kulayini wokuqala iyona esetshenziselwa ukuyenza.

Ungaqalisa futhi iskripthi ngqo ngokulandelayo:
# ./hello_world.sh

Nota: ./ ikhombisa ukugijima kusuka enkombeni yamanje.

Okunye okusele okuzohlaziywa yikhodi oyifaka kuyo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi njalonjalo uyathanda (abanye ngaphezu kwabanye, ngokwezidingo zokufunda nolwazi) lolu chungechunge lwe Isikripthi se-Shell.

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