I-Open Innovation ne-Free Software: Ikusasa elihle lobuchwepheshe
Okomuntu, kuyimfihlo engaphezulu kwe 4 inkululeko ye-Free Software, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwemodeli yentuthuko nefilosofi yomsebenzi ekhuthazwa ukunyakaza kwayo, okususelwa ekwakheni ubuchwepheshe, ikakhulu imikhiqizo yesoftware, nayo engasetshenziswa, iguqulwe futhi isatshalaliswe ngokukhululeka, kunokusikisela kokuhlubuka ingxenye enkulu yabantu bakhe amalungu alwa ne- "System" lokho akusebenzi nje kwezobuchwepheshe kuphela, kepha nakwezombusazwe, kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo.
Iphuzu elihlolwe ngandlela thile, ezindatshaneni ezedlule ezifana I-Crypto-Anarchism: Isoftware Yamahhala Nezimali Zobuchwepheshe, Ikusasa? y Iminyakazo Ehlobene: Uma sisebenzisa i-Free Software, ingabe nathi sibaHacker?. Esikumema ukuthi ufunde noma uphinde ufunde ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola eminye imininingwane. Noma kunjalo, Isoftware Yamahhala ayenzi nje kuphela ukudala, ibuye iqhamuke nokuhlinzeka ngenkululeko ethe xaxa kumuntu ngamunye, inkululeko engahlobene nje kuphela nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe.
Ezweni lethu lamanje, umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe ngokuphelele, oguquke futhi waguquka ngendlela eya ngokuya ishesha futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, cishe akunakwenzeka ngenhlangano eyodwa, esidlangalaleni noma ngasese, ngawodwana, ukwazi ukulawula ithalente, ukuqamba kanye nemiphumela.
Ngakho-ke, lowo mqondo wakudala noma indlela lapho inhlangano yasebenzisa khona imodeli yayo yokuthuthukisa isoftware noma ubuchwepheshe ngokubeka phakathi zonke izici zemikhiqizo yayo yezobuchwepheshe; ayisasebenzi, okungukuthi, ilungile futhi iyasebenza; ayisasebenzi. Okwamanje nekusasa lobuchwepheshe kutholakala ngokubambisana, ngokunembile ukuthi i-Free Software isuselwa kuphi.
Isoftware yamahhala: iyini futhi yini?
Yebo kunjalo
Kungafakazelwa ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi kuzolunga, lokho Isoftware Yamahhala ingenye yezobuchwepheshe ukuthi selokhu yasungulwa kuze kube namuhla ibangele izingxabano ezinkulu, kusukela selokhu yasungulwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, iphakamisa futhi yenze ngefilosofi yayo yomsebenzi indlela entsha lapho konke okwenziwe nokunikelwa kwenziwa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunalokho "isimo esikhona" esisetshenzisiwe noma esichazayo ezentengiselwano nezamabhizinisi, eziphikisana ngokuphelele nendlela yendabuko yesoftware yokuphathelene, amalayisense, amalungelo obunikazi, kanye nenzuzo ephezulu yezomnotho yomkhiqizo ochaziwe.
Ngakho-ke, okuthile okubalulekile ekuhambeni kwe-Free Software ukusatshalaliswa nokuqondwa kwefilosofi eholela ekwakheni nokwabelana, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokwenza nokunikela. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube nokunemba kolwazi emphakathini jikelele, mayelana nokuthi i-Free Software inikeza ini ngempela, ukuze akwazi ukunquma ngokufanele ukuthi uyayisebenzisa yini noma cha, nokuthi uzokwabelana noma asakaze le filosofi entsha yokwenza izinto, ukuze kuzuze bonke abantu.
A elula kodwa eqondile incazelo ye-Free Software kungaba okulandelayo:
"I-Free Software yilokho, ngemuva kokutholwa kwayo, okungasetshenziswa, kukopishwe, kuhlaziywe, kuguqulwe futhi kusatshalaliswe abasebenzisi ngenkululeko ephelele."
Akuyona
Ngenxa yalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ihlale igcina noma igcina le mibandela ukuze ibhekwe ngaleyo ndlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kugcizelelwe lokho lapho ukhuluma ngeFree Software akukho ukudideka phakathi kwamagama athi "mahhala" nethi "mahhala", Inqobo nje uma umkhiqizo owenziwe ugcina lezi zici, awulethi inkinga ngokusatshalaliswa kwawo ngokuhweba.
Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthi iSoftware yaziwa njenge "I-Freeware" akumele ididaniswe ne-Free Software, ngoba lokhu kusatshalaliswa futhi kusetshenziswe mahhala ngokujwayelekile, kepha kuya ngelayisense ethile yokuhweba, engavumeli ukuthi ingashintshwa (iguqulwe).
Futhi ungadideki ne- "Public Domain Software" noma., engadingi ilayisense yanoma iluphi uhlobo ukuze isetshenziswe, ngoba ngeyawo wonke umuntu ngokulingana, kuyilapho iFree Software, inqobo nje uma ihlonipha imigomo yayo eyisisekelo, isebenza ngokusebenzisa amalayisense ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo aziwayo yilawa: GNU, GPL, AGPL, BDS, MPL, phakathi kwabanye.
Isoftware yamahhala nama-Patent
Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukukucacisa lokho Isoftware Emahhala ayiwona umkhiqizo owephula noma ophula imithetho ekhona noma imithethonqubo yezomthetho, okungukuthi, ephula noma yephula amalungelo obunikazi noma amalungelo obunikazi. Njengoba kukodwa nje, le mpikiswano ayinaso isisekelo, ngoba abathuthukisi beSoftware yamahhala abasebenzisi isoftware ephathelene nokwenza imikhiqizo yabo, ngakho-ke, abasondeli nakubunikazi.
Abathuthukisi be-Free Software abalahlekelwa amalungelo abo njengababhali bezinhlelo ze-Free Software, kodwa bayakhulula ukusetshenziswa kwalokho abakudalile ngokuya ngemigomo yalobu buchwepheshe. I-Good Free Software ayikaze isekelwe ekuguqulweni kwamakhodi womthombo wangasese, ngakho-ke kuhlala kude nanoma yiliphi icala elibhekene nezikhala noma izambulela zomthetho ezivumela lokho ukuthi kwenzeke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucacisela labo abangase badideke ukuthi uhlelo lwe Isoftware yamahhala ingadutshulwa noma kungenzeka inamalayisense aphelelwe yisikhathi, Lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba kusekela konke ukukhula kwayo kukhodi yamahhala, ezimele, futhi engeyona eyezentengiso, okusho ukuthi, isebenzisa lokho osekuvele kukhona ukuze isebenze kuzinguqulo ezintsha, ezithuthukisiwe.
Umthuthukisi omuhle weSoftware akaze antshontshe noma aboleke ikhodi kwabanye ngaphandle kwemvume. yomqambi wayo (umbhali) noma umholo wamakhredithi afanele kuwo, futhi ayilindi noma iyiphi ilayisense ukuthi iphelelwe yisikhathi ukusizakala, ngoba asevele enamakhodi avulekile anele okufaka isandla ngeminikelo yawo.
Ukuqamba kanye ne-Free Software
Isimo samanje nesesikhathi esizayo sobuchwepheshe sinensika enhle ngokubambisana noma emsebenzini wokubambisana, futhi ngokunembile lo mgomo uyisisekelo sesoftware yamahhala. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngokubambisana, sikhuluma ngokuqamba, ngoba konke ukusebenzisana kuvula umnyango wezinto ezintsha ezivela emibonweni emisha ehlangana ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Kusuka kule nqubo yokubambisana nokwenziwa komkhiqizo ngaphakathi kweFree Software, iziphakamiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke zinikezwe noma zavela. Enye yazo yaziwa njenge "Vula okusha".
Vula Ukuqamba
La "Vula okusha" ngumqondo owenziwe yi Uprofesa waseMelika uHenry Chesbrough, umbhali wenhlangano, futhi waqala wasetshenziswa encwadini yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "I-Open Innovation: I-New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology", engayishicilela ngo-2003, nalapho ngiveza khona imibono mayelana nokuthi ubuchwepheshe kufanele buphathwe futhi busetshenziswe kanjani. Imibono ebinethonya elikhulu futhi elethe umthelela omuhle emphakathini ku-Free Software naku-Open Source.
La "Vula okusha" ngamagama ambalwa, es eyodwa eyenza izinkampani zifune, zamukele futhi zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obusha obedlula umkhawulo wenhlangano yabo ngokubambisana nabalingani bangaphandle. Le "ndlela entsha yokwenza izinto" yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlangana kolwazi lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle olwenza impilo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, ukufeza ukuphothulwa kwamaphrojekthi wokucwaninga nokuthuthuka (R&D) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokusebenza ngendlela yayo kwezebhizinisi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvumela ukwabiwa okungcono kwezingcuphe nezinzuzo nabalingani bangaphandle, futhi kuvuna ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwabo bonke abasebenzi bayo. Okukwenza kucace ukuthi i- "Vula okusha" Kusengaphambili ezindabeni zenhlangano nezomsebenzi ezisekela imiyalo yayo emhlabeni wokuthuthuka kweSoftware.
Isiphetho
Ngokuya ngamasu amasha, izixazululo noma amamodeli ahlongozwayo avela kuFree Software akuyona into encane. Njengoba i-Free Software ivumela ukusetshenziswa (kabusha) kweminikelo eyakhiwe noma yokwakhiwa evela emiphakathini engabasebenzisi (abasebenzi / amaklayenti / abahlinzeki), futhi inyusa hhayi kuphela ukunikezwa kwezixazululo noma imikhiqizo etholakala ezweni eliguqukayo futhi kodwa futhi nethuba lokudala amamodeli amasha webhizinisi noma ukwamukela kahle lawo akhona ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngamafuphi, iSoftware yamahhala ikhuthaza ukuqanjwa okusha, ngoba isivumela ukuthi sicabange ngayo maqondana nokwakha izinto ezintsha ngendlela evulekile neyabelwana ngayo, sakha izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza nokuhlobana nabanye, nokuhlela nokuphatha imininingwane etholakala nsuku zonke noma ukwakha imodeli entsha eguquguqukayo ye-e-learning.