I-FreeBSD 15.0 ifika nesistimu ye-modular, ukuvumelanisa ne-Linux 6.9, futhi ivalelisa ekwakhiweni kwe-32-bit.

Amaphuzu abalulekile:
  • I-FreeBSD 15.0 iqala umjikelezo wempilo osheshisiwe nezinguqulo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6.
  • I-Revolution nge-pkgbase: uhlelo lwesisekelo manje seluphethwe amaphakheji.
  • Amandla ezithombe: Izishayeli ze-DRM zivumelaniswe ne-Linux Kernel 6.9.
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Virtualization: I-Bhyve nge-slirp backend namaJele ane-ZFS mount.
  • Ukuphela kwenkathi: Izithombe ze-32-bit Architectures (i386) ziyasuswa.
David Y. Naranjo

Imizuzu ye-5

I-FreeBSD

Eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokukhululwa kwegatsha 14.0, Ithimba labathuthukisi selimemezele ngokusemthethweni ukutholakala kweFreeBSD 15.0, inguqulo entsha eza nezinguquko ezijulile zesakhiwo, hhayi kuphela ezingeni lekhodi, kodwa nakuyo kanye ifilosofi yokugcinwa kwesistimu.

Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ukuqala ngale nguqulo, Isikhathi sokunakekela amagatsha amakhulu sehlisiwe sisuka eminyakeni emi-5 saya kwemi-4Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusungulwe umjikelezo omusha wokuthuthukiswa okungaguquki: amagatsha amakhulu amasha azokwakhiwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi izinguqulo ezimaphakathi zizokhishwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, okusheshisa ukufika kwezinto ezintsha kubasebenzisi bokugcina.

Izici Ezintsha Ezinkulu ku-FreeBSD 15.0

Isici esisha esibaluleke kakhulu kule nguqulo ye-FreeBSD 15.0 ukushintshela ohlelweni lwe-modular. Manje, Umphathi wephakheji we-pkg angasetshenziswa ukufaka nokuvuselela izingxenye zesistimu eyisisekelo.

Isifaki I-bsdinstall inikeza izindlela ezimbili: eyendabuko kanye nentsha isebenzisa amaphakheji (pkgbase)Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi indlela yendabuko, ephatha uhlelo njengebhulokhi ye-monolithic, ihlelelwe ukuthi isuswe ku-FreeBSD 16, ngakho-ke ikusasa ukuphatha i-kernel nendawo yomsebenzisi njengamaphakheji ngamanye asuka ku-FreeBSD-base repository.

Emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa nokuhlanganiswa, izimpumelelo ezimbili ezibalulekile zenziwe:

  • Ukuhlanganiswa okungajwayelekile: Manje, ukwesekwa kungeziwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-FreeBSD nokudala izithombe ze-ISO ngaphandle kokudinga amalungelo ezimpande.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa okuphindaphindekayo: Okuhamba ngakubili okusatshalalisiwe kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzofana kancane uma kuhlanganiswa kusuka kukhodi efanayo yomthombo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinguquko ezifihliwe.

I-Kernel yesimanje kanye nokuhambisana kwe-Linux

I-FreeBSD 15.0 kernel ithole ukuthuthukiswa kwekhodi ebuyekeziwe ukuthuthukisa ukusekelwa kwehadiwe. Izishayeli zezithombe ze-DRM (i915 ne-amdgpu) zivumelaniswe ne-Linux 6.9 kernel., kuyilapho abashayeli abangenazintambo (i-Intel ne-Realtek) basesikhathini samanje nge-Linux 6.17.

Okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel kufaka:

  • I-Notify Support: Izingcingo zesistimu ehambisana ne-Linux zengeziwe ukuze kuqashwe izinguquko zesistimu yefayela.
  • Izibaluli ezinwetshiwe zesitayela se-Solaris: Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezibaluli zefayela eziqanjiwe, aphethwe njengamafayela avamile kunkomba yesevisi efihliwe.
  • mac_do module: Ivumela ukusetha izinqubomgomo ukuze abasebenzisi abangenamalungelo bakwazi ukushintsha imininingwane yenqubo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa impande ye-suid, ephelezelwa insiza entsha ye-mdo.
  • I-Kernel TLS (KTLS): Ukuqaliswa kunikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokubethela.

Izici ezintsha kusitoreji nezinhlelo zamafayela

Isistimu engaphansi yesitoreji futhi ifaka ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kokuthembeka nokusebenza okuzayo:

  • Unyaka ka-2038 Inkinga: Udaba luxazululiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-UFS1, okuvumela izinsuku kuze kufike onyakeni we-2106, futhi ukwethembeka kwezingxenye ze-UFS ezinama-inode angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-2 kuye kwathuthukiswa.
  • Ngaphezu kuka-4 TB we-RAM: Kuzinhlelo ze-amd64, manje sekungenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla enkumbulo angaphezu kwalo mkhawulo.
  • NFSv4.2 CLONE: Ukwesekwa okungeziwe kokuhlanganisa amafayela asheshayo (amabhulokhi wokukopisha kuseva), kusebenza lapho kuthekelisa izingxenye ze-ZFS.
  • I-NVMe phezu kwendwangu: Imojula ye-nvmft kanye nensiza ye-nvmecontrol yethulwa ukuze kuxhunywe izilawuli zangaphandle ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
  • isilawuli se-ufshci: Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamasistimu e-Universal Flash Storage.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-Virtualization kanye Nenethiwekhi

Kubaphathi bezinhlelo nezindawo ezibonwayo, iFreeBSD 15.0 iletha amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu:

  • I-Bhyve nge-backend slirp: I-hypervisor manje ivumela ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yesistimu yesihambeli ukusuka kumsingathi ngaphandle kokulungiselelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kusetshenziswa isitaki senethiwekhi yendawo yomsebenzisi.
  • Ijele Elinamandla: Manje sebesekela inketho ye-zfs.dataset ukuze bakhweze amasethi edatha ngokuqondile, futhi imethadatha nokuhlukahluka kwendawo kungadluliswa.
  • I-TCP Socket Splice: I-SO_SPLICE yengezwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuxhumana kwe-TCP ngaphandle kokukopisha idatha endaweni yomsebenzisi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kommeleli.

Izinguquko esikhaleni somsebenzisi namathuluzi

Ngokuqondene namathuluzi ansuku zonke, nawo abuyekeziwe:

  • I-Kerberos: Ukuqaliswa ku-kernel kushintshile kusuka ku-Heimdal kuya I-MIT Kerberos okuzenzakalelayo.
  • Umsindo ne-MIDI: Izinsiza ezintsha ze-sndctl zokumisa amakhadi omsindo kanye ne-mididump yokulahlwa komcimbi we-MIDI 1.0.
  • Idethi yokusetshenziswa: Manje isekela ukunemba kwe-nanosecond (isb., idethi -Ins).
  • Ukucindezelwa kwelogi: I-newsyslog ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele indlela yokucindezela ezenzakalelayo (xz, zstd, njll.) emhlabeni jikelele.
  • Imithombo yekhonsoli: Ifonti ye-Gallant ibuyekeziwe ngama-glyph amasha angaphezu kuka-4,300, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa kwesiCyrillic nezibalo.
  • I-bsddialog: Ingena esikhundleni sensiza yengxoxo endala kuzifaki.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi nokuhlanza ihadiwe endala

Ngeso lekusasa, ithimba lenze izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nokwesekwa kwefa:

  • Ukuphela kwe-32-bit: Ukwenziwa kwesithombe se-i386, armv6 kanye ne-32-bit PowerPC kunqanyuliwe (i-arv7 kuphela egciniwe).
  • Izishayeli ezisusiwe noma ezehlisiwe: Umphathi we-gvinum ususiwe. Izilawuli ezindala ezifana ne-agp, fdc (floppy drive), i-firewire, nezinye zimakwe ukuthi zisuswe enguqulweni 16.
  • Amathuluzi asusiwe: I-ftpd ne-shar ziyakhishwa kusistimu yesisekelo (etholakala njengezimbobo), futhi i-fdisk ihoxisiwe ukuze ivune i-gpart.
  • I-SSH: Usekelo lokhiye be-DSA kanye nesizindalwazi sokhiye womphakathi one-algorithm ye-DES kuyasuswa.

Ekugcineni, isistimu iza nephakheji ebuyekeziwe ehlanganisa I-LLVM 19.1.7, OpenSSH 10.0p2, OpenZFS 2.4.0rc4 kanye ne-OpenSSL 3.5.4.

Uma ungathanda ukubona uhlu olugcwele lwezinguquko zobuchwepheshe, ungathola imininingwane kokuthi isixhumanisi esilandelayo.

Landa futhi ufake i-FreeBSD 15.0

Ukuhlola le nguqulo entsha, njengoba yethula izinguquko ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, ukufakwa okuhlanzekile kuyanconywa uma ufisa ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusha lokuhlukanisa noma izici ze-ZFS.

Ungathola izithombe zokufaka kusuka kusiza esisemthethweniKubasebenzisi abajwayelekile (64-bit) beseva noma bedeskithophu, ungalanda i-ISO ngokuqondile kutheminali:

wget https://download.freebsd.org/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/15.0/FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso

Uma isilandiwe, ukuze uyishise kudrayivu ye-USB esuka ku-Linux noma i-BSD, sebenzisa umyalo we-dd (uqinisekisa ngokucophelela indlela eya kudivayisi yakho):

sudo dd if=FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso ye=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress && sync

Uma ukhetha ukuthuthukisa isistimu ekhona egatsheni le-14.x, indlela evamile isasebenza okwamanje:

freebsd-update landa i-freebsd-buyekeza ufake i-freebsd-update -r 15.0-RELEASE thuthukisa