Abacwaningi bezokuphepha bakhombisile ukuthi Ubuthakathaka obungokomzimba bukaRowhammer buyisongo esikhulu kwamayunithi okucubungula ihluzo anamuhla, aqukethe izintambo ezimbili zokuhlasela eziphelele ezibizwa ngokuthi I-GeForce kanye ne-GDDRHammerNgokungafani nocwaningo lokuqala olungazange lukwazi ukudala inani elincane kakhulu lokuguqulwa kwama-bit ukuze lonakalise ukuqonda kwamanethiwekhi e-neural, lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlasela zifinyelela ukuyekethisa okuphelele ezingeni lesistimu.
Uma usebenzisa ikhodi ejwayelekile, engenamalungelo ku-NVIDIA GPU, i- Umhlaseli angonakalisa izakhiwo zememori zangaphakathi zedivayisi ukuze athole ukufinyelela kokufunda nokubhala okungahleliwe kuyo yonke inkumbulo ebonakalayo ye-CPU yomphathi. Lokhu kuphambana kuvumela umhlaseli ukuthi andise amalungelo futhi athole ikhonsoli ye-superuser ohlelweni lokusebenza oluyinhloko.
Ukugwema ukuncishiswa kanye namaphethini
Impumelelo yalokhu kuhlasela incike kumasu angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. ukugwema ukuncishiswa kokuvuselelwa komugqa oqondiwe (TRR) okusetshenziswe kumemori ye-GDDR6. Ucwaningo lwe-GeForge wethula amaphethini angalingani ahlanganisa izikhawu eziningi zokubuyekeza, ukushintsha ubukhulu kanye nokuhleleka kokusebenza kwemigqa yememori ukuze kugwenywe ukutholwa kwehadiwe.
Ukuze usebenzise amamephu ekheli angokoqobo atholakala ngokuphrofayilisha ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ekwabiweni kwememori okuguquguqukayo, Bathuthukise indlela yokuhlanganisa ikhasi esebenzisa isabelo esingeyona i-linear kusukela kumakheli angokoqobo kuya kumasethi e-cache e-L2.
Ngasikhathi sinye, Ithimba le-GDDRHammer lithole ukuthi imigqa yememori ye-DRAM kumakhadi ehluzo Zilandela ukuhlelwa kwejiyometri okungeyona into eyisicefeLokhu kwabavumela ukuthi bakhe amaphethini asebenza kahle kakhulu anamacala amabili noma ngabe amakheli angokoqobo ayebonakala ekude. Ngokunikeza imisebenzi yebhange lememori ngayinye kuma-multiprocessor ahlukahlukene okusakaza kanye nokuvumelanisa kancane ukusebenza, bakwazile ukukhulisa ukusebenza kokusebenza ngenkathi begwema ukusampula kokuphepha.
Lezi zindlela ziveze imiphumela emikhulu; Indlela ye-GeForge idale ushintsho lwama-bit angu-1,171 ku-RTX 3060 yabathengi kanye no-202 ku-RTX A6000 yobungcweti., kuyilapho i-GDDRHammer ifinyelele isilinganiso sokuguqulwa okungu-1,032 nge-gigabyte ngayinye, okumele ukwanda okuphindwe ka-64 kunemizamo yangaphambilini.
Ukulawula amathebula ekhasi kanye nokuhlikihla inkumbulo
Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi ziphazamiso zikagesi, Abahlaseli bahlose amathebula ekhasi asezingeni eliphezulu aphethwe yiyunithi yokuphatha imemori ye-GPU.Ngenxa yokuthi isilawuli sivame ukwabela lezi zakhiwo ezindaweni ezivikelwe noma ezingalindelekile, ukuxhaphaza kuncike kumasu okubhucunga inkumbulo ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukufakwa kokufakwa kwethebula lekhasi ezindaweni ezingokoqobo umhlaseli aziyo ukuthi zisengozini.
Ukuhlasela I-GDDRHammer isebenzisa amamephu enkumbulo abiwe ukuze igcwalise isabelo, kunciphisa igebe phakathi kwezifunda zethebula lekhasi kanye nememori elawulwa ngumsebenzisi. I-GeForge igxile kakhulu ekonakaliseni okufakiwe ku-Pages Directory 0 (PD0).
Ngokwabela ngokucophelela nokukhulula izingcezu ze-Unified Virtual Memory, umhlaseli uqondisa ukudalwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha ze-PD0 ngqo ekhasini elincane elithile elingama-kilobyte angu-4. Uma selisendaweni, inqubo ishintsha kancane ngaphakathi kwesikhombisi sekheli elibonakalayo lokungena, liyiqondise etafuleni lekhasi eliqanjiwe elilawulwa ngokuphelele yikhodi enonya.
Ukwenyuswa kwamalungelo ngebhasi le-PCIe
El Ukulawula ithebula lekhasi lekhadi lehluzo kuhumushela ngqo ekulawuleni iprosesa ephakathi yekhompyutha.Okufakiwe kwethebula lekhasi le-NVIDIA kuqukethe inkambu ethile yokuvula enquma ukuthi ikheli elihambisanayo lihlala kwimemori yendawo yedivayisi noma kwimemori yesistimu yomsingathi. Ngokushintsha le nsimu ekufakweni okungemthetho, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukufunda noma ukubhala kamuva Idatha ekhiqizwe yi-GPU idluliselwa ngebhasi le-PCIe ngqo kwi-RAM ebonakalayo. yomphathi.
Lokhu kufinyelela ngqo kwimemori kudlula iyunithi yokuphatha imemori ye-CPU kanye nokuvikelwa kokukopisha kokubhala kwesistimu yokusebenza. Ekuboniseni kwayo okusebenzayo, abacwaningi Basebenzise leli khono lokubhala ngaphezulu ingxenye yekhodi yelabhulali ejwayelekile ye-C ngqo kwimemori yomsingathi. Ngokuqondile, bafaka ikhodi yomshini emsebenzini wokuvala ilogi, owabe usuqaliswa uhlelo olusemthethweni olunamalungelo aphezulu, ngokushesha banikeza umhlaseli ukufinyelela okuphelele ohlelweni.
Izindlela zokusabalala kwehadiwe kanye nokunciphisa
LaUkuhlolwa okubanzi kuqinisekisile ukuthi lobu buthakathaka busakazeke kakhulu kwihadiwe yamanje.Ucwaningo lwe-GDDRHammer luhlole amakhadi ehluzo angu-25 aphezulu, lwathola ukuthi angu-16 kumamodeli angu-17 e-RTX A6000 asekelwe kusakhiwo se-Ampere ayesengozini yalokhu kuhlaselwa. Nakuba imemori yekhodi yokulungisa amaphutha (ECC) inganciphisa ukuthembeka kokuhlaselwa ngokulungisa amaphutha e-single-bit, lesi sici sikhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumakhadi amaningi okusebenzela ngenxa yesijeziso sokusebenza futhi asikho nhlobo kumamodeli emakethe amakhulu.
Ukuzivikela okusheshayo okusebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene nokuvumelana komsingathi yikona ukusetshenziswa kwe-Input-Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). Uma ivuliwe, i-IOMMU ikhawulela ukufinyelela okuqondile kwe-GPU kumafreyimu wekhasi lomsingathi agunyaziwe ngokusobala, inciphisa imephu evulekile eyenziwe ngobuqili. Kodwa-ke, womabili amaqembu ocwaningo aphawula ukuthi i-IOMMU ivame ukukhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ezinhlelweni ze-Linux zezentengiselwano ngezizathu zokuhambisana, okushiya inani elikhulu lemishini lisengozini yalesi sivikelo sokuhlasela.
Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngakho, ungabheka imininingwane ku isixhumanisi esilandelayo.