Hambisa ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpande kwenye idiski

Kokufundisa kwanamuhla, ngizokuchazela ukuthi ungasusa kanjani ukwahlukanisa impande kokusatshalaliswa kwethu kweLinux kolunye ukwahlukanisa (kungaba kwi-hard drive efanayo noma cha). Lesi sidingo safika kimi maphakathi nonyaka odlule, ngenkathi ngisasebenzisa iChakra, futhi kusukela lapho kuyinqubo engiyisebenzise kaningi kwesinye imiphumela enemiphumela egculisayo nezinkinga ze-zero.

Uma izinyathelo zilandelwa kuleyo ncwadi, kungukuphepha okungu-100%, ukusebenza okusheshayo nokubuyela emuva ngokuphelele. Sizodinga i-Live CD kuphela yanoma iyiphi i-distro esinayo ngaphandle (eyodwa ye-Ubuntu, ngokwesibonelo, izofeza injongo yethu), futhi ukhombe kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukwahlukaniswa komthombo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo.

Ngemininingwane enjalo, singaphendukela ku-GParted noma kusihleli se-KDE Partition. Lapho sibakhipha, sizobona iwindi elifana nalesi esikrinini esingezansi. Lapho, kufanele sithole ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpande zethu zangempela bese sibheka ukuthi iyiphi idiski engeye (sda, sdb, sdc ...), inenombolo enjani (sda2, sdb1, sdj5, njll.) Nokuthi iyini i-UUID yayo (i-alphanumeric ikhodi oyothola esigabeni "semininingwane ethuthukile"). Ngokusobala, uma sizohambisa ukwahlukanisa sizodinga lapho siya khona, ngakho-ke kufanele phambilini sidale imbobo kudiski ekhuni ukuhambisa, bese sibhala imininingwane ehambisanayo.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi kulesi sifundo ngibhekisa kuGrub2 kuphela; uma usebenzisa enye i-bootloader ezinye izinyathelo noma imiyalo ingahluka - empeleni, kulula kakhulu ngeGrub Legacy-. Ngakho-ke, ngemininingwane evela ngaphambi kokubhalwa phansi ephepheni, siqala ukusebenza:

1) Siqala ikhompyutha nge-Live CD futhi silinde ideskithophu ukuthi ilayishe.

2) Esigungwini sibeka imiyalo emibili elandelayo:

sudo mkdir / mnt / old

sudo mkdir / mnt / new

3) Ngemuva kwalokho, sibhala imiyalo elandelayo:

I-sudo mount / dev / sdaX / mnt / old (lapho i-sdaX iyisihlukanisi sempande sokuqala).

I-sudo mount / dev / sdbX / mnt / new (lapho i-sdbX ihlukanisa izimpande ezintsha).

4) Ngemuva kokuthi ufake ukukhipha ngakunye, siyaqhubeka nokukopisha amafayela kusetshenziswa imiyalo emibili (owodwa wamafayela ajwayelekile nomunye wemininingwane efihliwe). Mhlawumbe owesibili awudingeki ngokuqinile, kepha ngiwugijimisa uma kwenzeka izimpukane. Le ngxenye izothatha imizuzu embalwa:

Sudo cp -rav / mnt / old / * / mnt / new
sudo cp -rav /mnt/old/.* / mnt / new

5) Wehlisa ukwehlukanisa okudala bese uthayipha imiyalo embalwa:

sudo umount / mnt / old
I-sudo mount -o bind / dev / mnt / new / dev
Sudo mount -t proc none / mnt / new / proc

6) manje sithinte ukwahlukanisa okusha ukuze faka kabusha iGrub2. Umyalo wokufaka uyashintsha kuye nge-LiveCD onayo, ngoba i-distro ngayinye inezindlela zayo zokuphatha amaphakheji. KuChakra naseArch, kusetshenziswa i-Sudo pacman -S grub, kepha kokutholakele kweDebian kwenziwa kanjena:

Sudo chroot / mnt / new / bin / bash

I-sudo grub-install / dev / sdb (lapho i-sdb kuyi-hard drive lapho sinezingxenye ezintsha zezimpande, futhi akudingeki sibeke inombolo kuyo noma yini efana naleyo).
7) Manje, Ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha, kufanele silungise imininingwane embalwa emincane ye-fstab ne-grub.cfg. Ukuze senze lokhu, sihlela i-grub.cfg ngesihleli sethu sombhalo esithandayo (i-kate, gedit, nano ...):
sudo kate / boot/grub/grub.cfg

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona esithombeni, ngiveze izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele sizibheke, kepha kungahle kube nokuningi (zibheke futhi uzishintshe ngokulandela indlela efanayo). Ngemininingwane evela kusihlukanisi sezimpande zethu sha sha (i-UUID nenkampani), siyaqhubeka ukufaka ezinye izinkomba ezindala ngezintsha:
  • Lapho ubeka khona (i-hdX, Y), siguqula izibalo zika-X no-Y ngokuya ngokulandelayo:

X: ikhombisa inombolo yediski enzima. Uma i-disk iyi-sda, i-X ilingana no-0. Uma idiski iyi-sdb, i-X ilingana no-1. Uma idiski iyi-sdc, i-X ilingana no-2, njalo njalo.
Y: ibonisa inombolo yokuhlukanisa. 1,2,3… Isibonelo: ukwahlukaniswa kwesibili kwediski yokuqala (hd0,2); ukwahlukaniswa kwesibili kwediski yesithathu (hd2,2)… Uyawuthola umqondo?

  • Inkambu yesibili okufanele iguqulwe yi-UUID (ikhodi yezinombolo nezinhlamvu ezinde kangaka), esakhomba ukwahlukanisa okudala. Siyishintsha ibe yi-UUID yokwahlukanisa okusha (khumbula ukuthi ungakubheka lokhu ku-GParted, ngokwesibonelo). Hlola idatha kahle!
  • Ukuguqulwa kwesithathu, futhi okunye okubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlobene nonxande omncane obomvu ongaphansi kwe-UUID, futhi okufaka isithombe "sdb2". Yilapho kufanele ukhombise ukwahlukanisa okusha kwempande yakho, okunengqondo ukuthi, kufanele kuhambisane ne- (hdX, Y). Izibonelo: (hd0,1) -> sda1 // (hd2,3) -> sdc3

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinguquko, ngokwesisekelo, kufanele ziphindwe ngokuya ngenani lokufakiwe kohlelo lwethu lokusebenza okukhona eGrub. Nginezinto ezintathu ezifakiwe ze-Chakra, ngakho-ke kufanele ngiyishintshe leyo datha amahlandla ama-3. Noma kunjalo, Ngikweluleka ukuthi ushintshe ukungena kokuqala kuphela futhi, uma ubona ukuthi konke kuqala kahle, qhubeka ukuguqula okusele, kusuka ohlelweni lwakho lwangempela lokusebenza.

I-8) Sixazulule inkinga kaGrub, siya ku-fstab.
I-sudo kate / njll / fstab
Sibheke i-UUID ye- / futhi siyishintshela entsha, njengoba senzile esinyathelweni esedlule. Siyonga.

9) Manje sesingaqala kabusha futhi sihlole ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle yini. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kahle, singaqhubeka nokushintsha idatha esiyishiye ingashintshiwe kokufakiwe okusele kwefayela le-grub.cfg, kanye nokususa ukwahlukanisa kwezimpande ezindala -uma lokho kuyisifiso sethu-.

Yilokho okwanamuhla.


Amazwana ayi-17, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   I-Ellery kusho

    Lokhu bekufuna i-XD. ngiyabonga

  2.   i-santi kusho

    Kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu, ngiyisebenzise kaningi eminyakeni edlule, futhi okuhle ukuthi i-new / partition ngeke iqukathe ukuhlukaniswa kwefayela ...

    Yize kungekudala ngizamile ukushintsha ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpande ngokuhluka kokushintsha uhlelo lwefayela (kusuka kuma-reiserfs kuye ku-ext3), kepha bekungenakwenzeka ukuthi ngikwenze ngenxa yemizamo eminingi nokujika kunalokho engikunikezile, ngandlela thile ekuqaleni kwesistimu ukutholwa kwehlulekile de / ngenxa yokuthi ibifuna isistimu / ukwahlukaniswa kabusha kwama-reiserfs lapho entsha ifomethwa nge-ext3. Ukufaka imodi yesondlo nokufaka ngesandla / njengo-ext3 uhlelo lusebenze kahle, kepha ukuqala okulandelayo kwehlulekile futhi ngesizathu esifanayo. Kwakungekho ukuhlelwa kwe-grub noma i-fstab eyayisebenza ... ihlale ifuna / ukwahlukanisa nama-reiserfs, ayikwazi ukuthola isisombululo ...

    1.    Wolf kusho

      Lokho kubukeka sengathi kukhona ifayili elithile elalikhomba ukwahlukaniswa kwama-reiserfs. Mhlawumbe umugqa ongabonakali ovela ku-bootloader noma into enjalo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-ext3 bekufanele ilayishe kahle.

      1.    i-santi kusho

        Uma ngabe yilokho ebengikucabanga ... futhi ngichitha amahora ngifuna okuthile kepha angitholanga lutho ... ngingahlolisisi ne-Intanethi.
        Noma kunjalo, angikwazi ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi esikhathini esedlule ngenze inqubo ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukuthi sekudlule iminyaka engu-6 noma engu-7 selokhu ngangikwenza cishe ngenjabulo ... okokugcina lapho ngazama ukukwenza noDebian Lenny , mhlawumbe umehluko omkhulu kunayo yonke i-kernel ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise i-distro nge-linux 2.4.x.
        Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukuthola isisombululo, ngiyethemba uyabelana ngakho ...

  3.   Ren434 kusho

    Icebo elihle, ... ukube ngangazi ngaphambili.

    Ukubingelela

  4.   UMerlin The Debianite kusho

    Yebo, icebo elihle kakhulu, kubukeka kufana nenqubo yokushintsha idiski / ikhaya, kepha bengingazi ukuthi lingenzani ngezimpande.

    Ulwazi oluhle kakhulu yize ngingahle ngingakusebenzisi, kuhle ukwazi izimpukane. 🙂

    1.    Wolf kusho

      Yebo, nge / ekhaya kulula kakhulu, ngoba akudingeki ukuthi ufake iGrub noma uguqule ifayela layo lokumisa. Ukukopisha konke okudingayo nokuhlela i-fstab kwanele.

      1.    UMerlin The Debianite kusho

        Yebo sikhuluma nge / home, kusobala ukuthi / impande idinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.

        Akufani / neKhaya, okuvame ukuthi cishe kusikwe nje bese kunamathiselwa noma, uma wehluleka lokho, kopisha unamathisele.

  5.   sibusiso kusho

    ibhukwana elihle kakhulu, mngani, ngiyabonga kakhulu, ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi inguqulo ye-pdf noma enye ingalandwa kwenye indawo, imikhonzo

    1.    Wolf kusho
      1.    sibusiso kusho

        ngiyabonga mngani, kuhle kakhulu

  6.   I-Rayonant kusho

    Ngibonga kakhulu! Bengifuna into efanayo futhi obekuvele kimi bekungukwenza izithombe zokwahlukanisa bese ngizibuyisela kodwa-ke, bekukhona izinto eziningi ezingekho njengamaphoyinti wokuphakamisa njll. Ngakho kungifanela njengegilavu!

  7.   TheSandman86 kusho

    Ulwazi oluhle kakhulu, ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyasiza ukuba nalezi zinto esandleni uma kwenzeka kwenzeka. Ngibonga kakhulu.

  8.   krim kusho

    Uma usebenzisa i-Grub2, bekungeke kube yi-grub2-install?

    Qaphela lapho wenza la manuwali ukuthi ubeka noma ngubani esimeni lapho ungayibeki kahle imiyalo.

    1.    blackshexx kusho

      Ku-Arch inguqulo yakudala ye-grub yaqanjwa kabusha yaba yi-grub-legacy kwathi i-grub 2 yashiywa njenge-grub kuphela ngakho-ke ilungile kepha ngendlela efanayo kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufunde imibhalo yokusabalalisa kwakho ngaphambi kokwenza isinyathelo esibaluleke kanjena ukuze uqiniseke yamagama wamaphakeji

      futhi ngenxa yombhali bengifuna inqubo enemininingwane futhi lokhu kungisize kakhulu

  9.   Guillermo kusho

    Imiyalo embalwa engaphezulu kwephuzu lesi-5 ayingisebenzelanga, kungcono lokhu:
    sudo yayo
    mkdir / media / kk (lapho impande yohlelo olufakiwe ifakiwe)
    ukukhweza -t ext4 -o rw / dev / sda / media / kk
    i-mount-bind / proc / media / kk / proc
    ukukhweza -bind / dev / media / kk / dev
    i-mount –bind / sys / media / kk / sys
    chroot / media / kk
    buyekeza-grub
    i-grub-install / dev / sda (noma i-sdb,…)

  10.   I-Alenga kusho

    Ngiyabonga kakhulu kungisizile kakhulu, njengenye indlela ngemuva kokukopisha konke engxenyeni entsha ungahambisa ukufakwa kwe-grub ngethuluzi lokulungisa ama-boot, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukwenza izinyathelo ezinhlanu kuya phambili

    i-sudo add-apt-repository ppa: yannubuntu / boot-ukulungisa
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get ukufaka ibhuth-ukukhanda

    isicelo se-graphifa siyenziwa futhi izinketho ezithuthukisiwe ziyasebenza; grub indawo kanye nokwahlukanisa okusha kukhethelwa ukufakwa kwe-grub.