Hlanganisa i-Kernel: Ungayenza kanjani ku-Debian base Distro?
Kwethu ukungena kwangaphambiliniucingo "I-Linux Kernel: Izisekelo zeKernel" sikhuluma abanye izisekelo zetiyetha ezibalulekile mayelana ne Izinhlamvu Zesistimu Yokusebenza, ngokuvamile; kanye ne I-Linux kernel, ethize.
Futhi njengoba sizwakalise kuwo, kulokhu, sizobe siqedela okushiwo izisekelo zetiyetha ezibalulekile nabanye imiqondo ebalulekile nolwazi, ngaphezu kokubonisa inqubo yamanje yokufeza "hlanganisa i-Linux kernel" kusukela ekuqaleni, ku-a I-Debian GNU/Linux 11 (Bullseye) Distribution noma ngokusekelwe kuso.
I-Linux Kernel: I-Kernel Basics
Futhi, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe mayelana "hlanganisa i-kernel" I-Linux Ngokuvamile, sizoshiya ezinye izixhumanisi kuzo okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene ukuze ufunde kamuva:
Hlanganisa i-Kernel: Okokufundisa Kokuhlanganiswa
Kusho ukuthini ukuhlanganisa uhlelo?
Ngokuyisisekelo lokhu inqubo yobuchwepheshe (ebizwa nangokuthi ukupakisha) kuhlanganisa ukuzuza ukuguqula ikhodi yomthombo yohlelo noma ingxenye yesofthiwe, kusukela kumsuka wayo (ulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziselwa ukuyibhala) kuya ku- umkhiqizo ofundekayo (ulimi lokuhlela lwezinga eliphezulu olutolika) ngekhompyutha.
Okungukuthi, ukufeza ukuguqulwa kusuka kukhodi yakho yomthombo kuze kube a uhlelo olusebenzisekayo nolusebenzayo, ngokusebenzisa a iprosesa (isoftware yokuhlanganisa) ngokuguqulwa kolimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa kukhodi kanambambili kanye nekhodi yokuhlanganisa.
Futhi uma kufika thuthukisa futhi uhlanganise noma yiluphi uhlobo iphakheji, isicelo kanye nohlelo, eziyisisekelo nezomdabu, njenge Izikhwebu cishe I-Debian GNU / Linux, amaphakheji alandelayo afanelekile futhi ayadingeka ukuze uthole okuhle isisekelo sokusekela intuthuko, futhi yilezi:
apt install autoconf automake autotools-dev build-essential dh-make debhelper debmake devscripts dpkg fakeroot file gfortran git gnupg fp-compiler lintian patch pbuilder perl python quilt xutils-dev
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuhlanganisa i-Linux Kernel kusukela ekuqaleni
Uma sihlanganisa futhi silungiselela, kusukela ekuqaleni, i-Kernel ethile yekhompyutha ethile, singathola izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Thola ukusebenza okungcono futhi usebenzise i-CPU ephansi.
- Thola ukulungiselelwa okungcono nokusebenzisa okuphansi kwe-RAM Memory.
- Thuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuhambisana kwesistimu yokusebenza.
- Khulisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kwesistimu yokusebenza.
Nakuba, ngokuphambene nalokho, singakwazi ukukhiqiza Imibi elandelayo:
- Ukwehluleka kokusebenza nokutholakala yezinsiza ezifiselekayo namasevisi kukhompuyutha esetshenzisiwe, ngenxa yokucushwa okubi nezinkinga ezidalwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.
- Umsebenzi oqhubekayo, omude futhi oyisicefe ekuqaleni ukuwukhiqiza, bese kamuva, ukuze uyigcine ibuyekeziwe. Okungasukela emaminithini kuye emahoreni, kuye nge-hardware esetshenzisiwe.
- Amahora amade okufunda nezivivinyo, njengoba kudingeka izinga eliphezulu lolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokucushwa ezitholakala ku-Kernel futhi mayelana nekhompyutha (i-hardware yokugcina) lapho izosetshenziswa khona.
Izigaba ze-kernel ezitholakalayo
para hlanganisa i-kernel, into yokuqala okudingeka siyazi ukuthi iyiphi i-Kernel okufanele siyikhethe. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele siye ku Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni wezinhlamvu, bese ukhetha esisodwa phakathi kwezigaba ezikhona. Okulandelayo:
- Umugqa oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa (Ulayini omkhulu): Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa lezo Kernels esigabeni sokuthuthuka, ngakho-ke, ziqukethe izici ezintsha nemisebenzi okufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthi ifakwe enguqulweni ezinzile. Lezi zigcinwa futhi zikhishwe ngokuqondile ngu-Linus Torvalds, futhi ngokuvamile zikhishwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 ngokwesilinganiso.
- Izinzile: Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa lezo Kernels okuthi, ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwenqubo ende yokuthuthukiswa, zizinze, ngakho zingaphansi kokulungiswa kuphela ngomnakekeli oqokiwe osemthethweni. Futhi, banokukhululwa okumbalwa kokulungiswa kweziphazamisi kuze kutholakale umugqa omkhulu olandelayo.
- Isikhati eside: Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa lezo Kernels okuthi, ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwenqubo ende yokuthuthukiswa, zizinze, kodwa zisekelwe ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi nokugcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu (iminyaka). Isizathu sokuthi, kusetshenziswe ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi ezibalulekile, okungaba njalo.
Ungahlanganisa kanjani i-Kernel ku-GNU/Linux Debian Bullseye Distro?
Ngemva kokukhetha eyodwa inguqulo ethile ye-kernel, kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, futhi usuvele wazi (ukukopisha) yakho landa indlela ngokusebenzisa inkinobho ye-tarball okufanayo, kuhlala kuphela ukwenza le nqubo elandelayo, esizobonisa ngayo ukuthatha njengesibonelo, i Inguqulo ye-Linux kernel eqinile engu-6.0.8:
Isigaba 1
cd /usr/src
wget -c https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo unxz linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo tar xvf linux-6.0.8.tar
sudo ln -s linux-6.0.8 linux
cd /usr/src/linux
sudo make clean && make mrproper
sudo cp /boot/config-`uname -r`* .config
make menuconfigUkusebenzisa lo myalo wokugcina kuqala i- "Imenyu yokumisa i-Kernel", lapho ungakwazi lungisa (enza ngendlela oyifisayo) amapharamitha okuthandayo noma isidingo sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi kuyadingeka hlola noma ungahloli inketho ye-64-bit kernel, kuye ngokuthi yini oyifunayo noma edingekayo. Futhi futhi, ngemva kokwenza zonke izinguquko ezenziwe, kufanele cindezela inkinobho ethi Londoloza bese-ke Inkinobho yokuphuma.
Isigaba 2
Kuleli phuzu kukhona 2 izindlela ezingenzeka okuzo thathwa:
Ukufakwa kwe-Kernel kuphela
sudo make
sudo make modules_install
sudo make install
sudo update-grub; sudo update-grub2; sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo apt clean; sudo apt autoclean; sudo apt autoremove; sudo apt remove; sudo apt purge
Ukufakwa kwe-Kernel nokukhiqizwa kwamafayela e-.deb
Ukuze wenze lesi sinyathelo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukufakwa kwephakheji kubizwe kernel-iphakheji. Ngakho-ke, inqubo imi kanje futhi iqala kanje:
sudo wget -c http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/k/kernel-package/kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
sudo apt install ./kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-custom kernel_image kernel_headers
cd /usr/src
sudo dpkg -i *.debUma kwenzeka, ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, uthola i-a iphutha elihlobene nezitifiketi ze-kernel, ihlala njengenketho yokukwazi ukwenza okulandelayo umyalo wokuwulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo:
sed -i '/CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS/s/^/#/g' .configYebo, konke kuphele kahle, okusele nje ukuqala kabusha ikhompuyutha yethu futhi sihlole ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza lusebenza kanjani ne-Kernel entsha. Njengoba eboniswa ngaphambi nangemuva, ezithombeni-skrini ezilandelayo:
Ngaphambi Kokufakwa Kwe-Kernel
Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-Kernel
Isifingqo
Ngamafuphi, sithemba ukuthi lesi sifundo siwusizo kakhulu, kokubili Abasebenzisi abathuthukile njengoba Onjiniyela be-Distros noma Respins. ngokuvamile ezidinga "hlanganisa i-kernel" Ngicacisa ku-GNU/Linux Operating System efakiwe njengamanje noma leyo ekhiqizwa kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukusebenza okungcono kanye nokwenza kahle ku-hardware ethile. Ikakhulukazi, ngenhloso yokuzuza, a i-CPU ephansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-RAM.
Nokho, uma kukhona owaziyo enye indlela ewusizo yokwenza inqubo eshiwo noma kukhona okwaziyo isiphakamiso, isincomo noma ukulungiswa kulokho okunikezwa lapha, wamukelekile ukwenza kanjalo ngokuphawula. Futhi yebo, ukuthandile lokhu kushicilelwa, ungayeki ukuphawula ngakho nokwabelana ngakho nabanye. Futhi, khumbula ukuvakashela yethu «ikhasi lasekhaya» ukuhlola izindaba eziningi, kanye nokujoyina isiteshi sethu esisemthethweni se- Yocingo kusuka ku-DesdeLinux, ENtshonalanga iqembu ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesihloko sanamuhla.