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Kokuhle noma okubi, umehluko ofanayo ahlukanisa amanzi phakathi kwabavikeli be "Isoftware yamahhala" kanye "nesoftware evulekile" baphinde bazalane lapho bexabana ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa "i-hardware ephathelene"Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ngisebenzise njenge- "trigger" i-athikili kaBruce Perens ekhuluma ngqo ngalo mehluko. Ekugcineni, ngifaka ezinye ukubonwa kanye nokuzindla ukuthi, ngiyalinganisa, bazokushiya ucabanga. |
Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha zamahhala vs. i-hardware evulekile
UBruce Perens (umsunguli obambisene we-Open Source Initiative) ukhulume ngomehluko phakathi kwalokho akubiza ngehardware yamahhala ne-hardware evulekile. Abantu abaningi bafanise impikiswano nomehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala kanye nesoftware yomthombo ovulekile, futhi bakhathazekile ukuthi le mpikiswano ingaba yimpikiswano efanayo.
Umbuzo osalayo ngothi ukuthi ngabe le mibono yomibili ihlanganisiwe yini noma ingabe ingahlangana yini ngokuvumelana.
Ngokusho kukaBruce, ihadiwe yamahhala yiyo eza nezincazelo zayo zobuchwepheshe, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuzenzela okuthile, kanye nefayela le- i-hardware evulekile Yiyo eza nemininingwane ephelele ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuxhumana nayo ngaphandle kwezimanga ezingemnandi futhi ngaphandle kokudinga ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi.
Ihardware yamahhala ingcono (ngokubuka komsebenzisi), kepha i-Hardware evulekile nakanjani iyindlela efanele.
Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha zamahhala ngokungangabazeki zithembele kwi-hardware evulekile. Isibonelo, umuntu angaba nayo yonke imininingwane yesekethe elula ehlanganisiwe, njengesibali sikhathi esingu-555, ngaphandle kokuba nemininingwane edingekayo yokwakha eyodwa.
Endabeni yesikulufo, ngokwesibonelo, kulula futhi kuwusizo ngokwengeziwe ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe (intambo, ububanzi, ubude, uhlobo lwekhanda, amandla okuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.), Futhi kunzima kakhulu ukwazi ukwakheka i-alloy ngqo esetshenziselwe ukuyakha, ukuthi yenziwa kanjani umoya, njll. Ngalo mqondo, zonke izinto ezilula ze-elekthronikhi zizoba yi-hardware evulekile.
Kuthathwe ngokweqile, isimangalo sehardware yamahhala kungagcina sisho ukuthi imiyalo enembile nenemininingwane iyadingeka ukudala, isibonelo, imoto, eqala eqenjini lama-athomu ... okusobala ukuthi akunangqondo.
Ukuhlaziywa nokubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene
Umbono wokuqala engiwutholile ngokufunda imigqa ebhalwe nguBruce ukuthi, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, uzama ukwenza, futhi, umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okushunyayelwa yinhlangano yakhe (the NOMA UMA) noRichard Stallman's (the FSF).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abameli "behardware yamahhala", abafuna ukwazi konke ukucaciswa kwehadiwe, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuhlekwa usulu (ukwakheka kweathomu yemoto). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalandeli abanesimo esihle se-OSI, abangafuni nakancane ukwazi imininingwane ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani leyo divayisi, ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi bazi ukuthi bangayakha kanjani, bakopishe noma bakhiqize kabusha.
Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuqhathanisa kuyabheda futhi akulingani nengxoxo "ekhona ngempela", iqiniso ukuthi ayisebenzi, ngoba i-hardware ayikwazi ukukopishwa / yakhiwe kalula njenge-software. Ngaleyo ndlela, Kuyafaneleka ukuzibuza ukuthi imiqondo efanayo esiyisebenzisela isoftware ingasebenza yini kwi-hardware.
Empeleni, kusobala ukuthi umuntu angakha isoftware ngekhompyutha yedeskithophu kanye nolwazi oluncane lohlelo, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukwakha ikhadi levidiyo noma iprosesa. Hhayi kuphela ngenxa yolwazi lobuchwepheshe oludingekayo kepha, ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yezinto ezidingekayo noma izindlela zokusebenza (quasi) ezingenakwenzeka ukuziphindaphinda zodwa ezinduduzo zasekhaya, njll.
Uma kunzima ukukopisha, ukukhiqiza kabusha, noma ukwakha i-hardware, umzabalazo wokuzama ukukwenza 'ngokukhululeka', njengakwi-software, uba yinto encane. Inkululeko yokukopisha nokuguqula isoftware kuyilungelo elibalulekile ngoba kulula ukukopisha - noma yimuphi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angayenza - futhi ayiguqule, futhi kulula kakhulu ukwaba lokho kuguqulwa.
Ngakho? Yena Vula uHlelo Lokucaciswa Kwehadiwe (I-OPSP) iphakamisa ukuthi "i-hardware evulekile" inenye ene- "... imibhalo eyenele yohlelo ukuze ibhale umshayeli wedivayisi. Le mibhalo kufanele ifake zonke izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, URichard Stallman (RSM) ithi, ngokuqinile, imibono yamahhala yesoftware ingasetshenziswa kwimidwebo, imibhalo, njll. iyadingeka ekwakhiweni nasekucacisweni kwehadiwe, kepha hhayi i-Hardware uqobo.
Kodwa-ke, ithi noma ngabe idizayini yangaphakathi yedivayisi imahhala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imininingwane yokuhlangana kwayo imahhala. Uma kungenjalo, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukubhala isoftware yamahhala engasebenza kuleyo hardware. Ngamanye amagama, okuphakanyiswa yi-RSM ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abashayeli bayo bakhululeke, kanye nayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo ukuyakha, ukuyiguqula nokuyithuthukisa.
Ekuphetheni, ngokuyisisekelo zombili izikhundla zibeka okufanayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi 'i-hardware evulekile' noma 'i-hardware yamahhala', njengoba uthanda, empeleni kuyisifaniso (ngenxa yobunzima bokukopisha, ukuguqula noma ukwakha i-hardware). Ngicabanga ukuthi noma kuyigama okusakhulunywa ngalo kakhulu futhi lingenayo incazelo ecacile, iqiniso ukuthi okushiwo ukukhuluma nge "hardware yamahhala / evulekile" ukuthi yonke imibhalo edingekayo ukubhala umshayeli wedivayisi kufanele ibe mahhala noma, ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, ukuthi isilawuli uqobo. Ngokufigqiwe, i-hardware yamahhala ayichazwa ngenkululeko yehardware uqobo kodwa yimibhalo kanye nesoftware (abashayeli) abahambisana nayo futhi evumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Kule migomo, ngaphezu kwalokho, i- umehluko phakathi kwehardware yamahhala nehadiwe yamahhala (uma into enjalo ikhona) icace nakakhulu. Kusobala ukuthi i-Hardware yamahhala izotholakala ngokukhokha inani layo, ngoba izindleko zayo zokwenza, ezokuthutha, njll. ziphakeme kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nesoftware. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi le ntengo izoba phansi kakhulu kunaleyo yezinye izindlela "zamanje" ezikhona, nokuthi izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwehardware zizokwehla kakhulu. Vele, ayikho kulezi zinzuzo izinkampani ezikhetha ukwenza ilungelo lobunikazi ngemiklamo yazo futhi zisizakale ekubuseni okwesikhashana okunikezwa yilabo obunikazi.
Umthombo: Umhlaba Wekhompyutha & Linux Namuhla
Ngilithandile lelo phepha, futhi nginentshisekelo enkulu kuleso sihloko; Ngizokushiyela isithupha (Y)
Ngaleso sikhathi, esigabeni sokuqala kuthi: “[…] umehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nesoftware yamahhala […]” futhi kufanele kube "isoftware yamahhala kanye nesoftware evulekile" noma efanayo similar
Saludos !!
Ngilithandile lelo phepha, futhi nginentshisekelo enkulu kuleso sihloko; Ngizokushiyela isithupha (Y)
Ngaleso sikhathi, esigabeni sokuqala kuthi: “[…] umehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nesoftware yamahhala […]” futhi kufanele kube "isoftware yamahhala kanye nesoftware evulekile" noma efanayo similar
Saludos !!
Sawubona!
Ngibhalise neJamendo, iwebhusayithi lapho ungalalela khona futhi ulande izinkulungwane zama-albhamu ngabaculi abanamakhono, asemthethweni ngokuphelele futhi amahhala!
Yamukela isimemo sami futhi ubhalise futhi: Ungabelana ngokutholile kwami, wenze abanye abangane ongabelana nabo ngezinto zomculo futhi uthole umculo omningi wamahhala ...
Ukubingelela!
Joyina iJamendo manje ngokuchofoza lapha: http://www.jamendo.com/?
I-Jamendo inconyelwe wena ngu: mitcoes ( http://www.jamendo.com/es/user/mitcoes? Uma usubhalisele iJamendo, chofoza lapha: http://www.jamendo.com/?
Umnikelo othakazelisayo! Siyabonga ngokuthatha isikhathi sakho ukubhala nokwabelana ngombono wakho.
Halala! UPaul.
UFrancisco othandekayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwabonakala kimi ukuthi, ngokunembile, i-athikili ebhalwe nguBruce yafika "nobisi olubi", njengoba sisho lapha. Ngisho i-FSF noma i-RSM ayiphakamisi ukuthi kunesidingo sokwazi ukwakheka kwe-athomu kwehadiwe ukuze ikubheke njengemahhala. Ngalo mqondo, umbhali wakhubaza futhi wahleka usulu izimpikiswano zalabo abangacabangi njengaye ukunikeza ukukholelwa okwengeziwe ekuphikisweni kwakhe.
Noma kunjalo, kuyihlazo ukuthi uphawule ngalokhu hhayi ngenxa yemibono eyisisekelo engizame ukuyiveza ukucabanga ndawonye ukuthi iyiphi i-hardwarw yamahhala / evulekile nokuthi ingakhiwa kanjani.
Ukubingelela okuhle. UPaul.
Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ukwazi imininingwane ye-interface nokuthi idivayisi isebenza kanjani kuzokwanela abasebenzisi abaningi.
Ukwazi ukuthi yakhiwe kanjani ngempela, kungenza izindleko ezitshaliwe ekudalweni kwazo zisizakale ngabanye abakhiqizi.
Ngamanye amagama, umuntu kufanele akhokhele onjiniyela abenza okuthile, futhi indlela yokwenza lokho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungathengisa inani elanele lamayunithi okusungulile. Uma enye imboni ingasebenzisa umsebenzi wakho futhi ikhiqize i-hardware efanayo ngaphandle kokutshala imali okwenzile, kuzosusa isifiso sakho sokuqhubeka nokutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuveza imininingwane ye-interface kubalulekile kwenye i-hardware noma isoftware ukuxhumana nedivayisi oyenzile.
Isibonelo sakho se-555 sihle kakhulu, ngidinga nje ukwazi ukuthi sisebenza kanjani hhayi ngqo ukuthi senziwa kanjani.
Kufanele sisebenzise lezo esizifunayo, hhayi lezo esingafuni ukubaphoqa.
Ngeqiniso angiqondi ukuthi i-athikili iwina ngenkulumo ethi "abalandeli abanesimo esihle se-OSI", ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuthi akukho okubhekiswe kusikhundla esisemthethweni se-OSI noma isifundo esinzima ngemibono yabalandeli i-OSI. Okungikhathaza lapha ukuthi izisho zikaStallman eziyiphutha nezikhohlisayo mayelana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha zenhlangano evulekile zitholwa ngendlela enolaka okuthi, kude nokusiza ubunye bezinhlelo eziseduze nenkululeko, ziveze izingxabano ezincane ezingenangqondo kodwa ezingathandeki ezinkampanini ezinkulu zeSoftware / zehadiwe ezingekho mahhala.
Ngicaphuna:
"Abantu abaningi bafanise impikiswano nomehluko phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nesoftware yamahhala"
Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle, akunjalo?
Ngokusho kukaPerens, i-hardware yamahhala ingcono kumsebenzisi, kepha i-hardware evulekile iyisinyathelo sendlela efanele, uyaqhubeka ngokuthi i-hardware yamahhala isuselwa kwi-hardware evulekile, nokuthi umuntu akadingi ukwazi ukuthi yenziwa kanjani imininingwane yokukwenza. function.
Impikiswano ehloniphekayo kepha engaphikisanayo, le ndoda, okushoyo ukuthi kungcono ukuba nethuluzi lapho konke "ukucaciselwa" okusetshenziswayo kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyaziwa kodwa okungaziwa ukuthi kwaklanywe kanjani, yeDatha (1) ingukuthi, lokhu kungukufakwa okumsulwa futhi okulula njengalezo chips ezidumile lapho kutholakala umsebenzi ofihliwe ngezinketho zokulungisa amaphutha kumenzi, angikhumbuli ukuthi ngabe kwakusicucu esivela kukhonsoli yomdlalo noma ikhadi graphic (uma othile evuma ukukhomba ireferensi), iqiniso ukuthi kunemisebenzi engaziwa ngaphakathi kwehadiwe lapho kuphela khona umenzi ofinyelela kuyo. Masingakhulumi ngisho nangokuvikelwa kwe-DRM (2) obekuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe yi-Hardware kuwo wonke ama-PC asekhaya, uma kungakenziwa. Lokho ebesikudinga!
Kodwa ichazwa yini le ndoda? Okubonakala kuchaza ukuthi yisiphi isimo esifanelekile semakethe yamahhala lapho abakhiqizi bezinto zokusebenza bezazi khona imininingwane edingekayo yokusebenzisa kabi i-elekthronikhi, kepha lokhu maqondana namaqiniso angicabangi nje kuphela ukuthi ayigcwaliseki kepha izama ukusebenzisa ngephutha ifilosofi efanayo yesoftware evulekile kwi-hardware, igweme ukuqaliswa komzimba nokuphatha umklami njengomsebenzisi wedeskithophu elula ongafuni noma odinga ukwazi ukungena nokuphuma kohlelo.
Manje yini inkinga? Akekho ophoqa noma ngubani ukuthi ashicilele i-elekthronikhi ngobuso, kepha ake sibize izinto ngamagama abo, ngokusho kwencazelo kaPerens i-hardware evulekile ingafana ne-hardware ephathelene, ngombono wami akukho okungiqinisekisa ukuthi imininingwane yomkhiqizi yilezo futhi lezo kuphela futhi ukuthi bazosebenzisa leyo nto ngamandla ayi-100%, bagxile kuyo yonke imiqondo yokuphikisana nomqambi wesoftware (ovulekile) hhayi kwi-hardware, lapho ethanda khona. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Free Software ibingaba yini uma ifilosofi yayo ibingahlanganisa wonke umsebenzi wohlelo futhi ihambise imininingwane lapho noma yimuphi umqambi ongafaka ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuya ngohlelo lomzali, yini esivame ukuyibiza le?
Amanothi:
(1) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAD
(2) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3n_de_derechos_digitales#DRM_en_hardware_de_prop.C3.B3sito_distribuido
Impela ... cabanga ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwabashayeli kuyingxenye yezindleko zokukhiqiza. Impela, ngokwemigomo yeyunithi kuncane kakhulu kunezindleko zehadiwe uqobo. Ngaleyo ndlela, uqinisile. Noma kunjalo, izinzuzo zidlulela ngaphezu kokunciphisa izindleko nje; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba nabashayeli bamahhala, kungenzeka ukuthi umphakathi wenze ngcono ukuphepha kwabashayeli, ulungise amaphutha, njll. Lokho okungukuthi, izinzuzo ezifanayo ezinikezwa okuthambile. mahhala ku-gral.
Hug! UPaul.
Isikhubekiso esikhulu yi-ATI ne-NVIDIA ngemidwebo.
Ngokusobala abafuni ukuvula abashayeli babo, noma banikeze yonke imininingwane ngoba kufanele bafihle okuthile. Noma kunjalo bathuthukise izinqubomgomo zabo kakhulu maqondana nalokhu.
Kepha kufanele kube ohulumeni abafuna ngenkani ekuthengeni kwabo i-Hardware, lezi zidingo, impela, kufanele zidingeke njengezidingo zokuthola imvume edingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukuzithengisa.
Ngakho-ke okungenani imikhiqizo emisha ibizokwenza.
Okwamanje, i-FSF kufanele idale ilebuli esezingeni le-OPEN HARDWARE, ukuze abasebenzisi abanonembeza bakwazi ukuthenga lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo, futhi abakhiqizi bazoklonyeliswa ngomzamo wabo ngenani elengeziwe leli lebula elingaletha kubo.
Labo kithi abakuqondayo lokhu bambalwa, kepha singabadokotela, futhi abantu "abajwayelekile" bafunda masinyane ukuthi ilebuli "FSF OH eqinisekisiwe" isho ukuthi INHLE.
Eshu ... ngizokushintsha kamuva ...
Umnikelo omuhle kakhulu!
Impela! Ngiyavumelana nokuphawula kwakho. Mayelana nalokho okuveze esigabeni sokuqala, bekuyiphutha lokuthayipha kimi. 🙂 Ngizoyilungisa isikhashana.
Ngomhlaka 26/08/2011 17:26, «Disqus» <>
wabhala:
I-athikili enhle kakhulu, ngiyabonga kakhulu ngolwazi.
Ukubingelela
kahle ngivele ngacabanga into eyodwa ... kukhona ithuba lokuthi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kunemikhawulo yezomthetho yokuqalisa "kokukhiqiza", ngakolunye uhlangothi ... uma "umqambi" (noma njengoba kuningi okuqondile ukusho: umzila wolwazi; akekho umuntu owasungula ... sonke sihlanganisa lokho okuvele kukhona) okungakhipha lonke ulwazi lobuchwepheshe nolusebenzayo lungcono kakhulu ...
Sikhuluma ngokuthi: i-cola yakho evulekile kufanele uyigqugquzele kuze kube kuthatha ukuvumelana kwe- «pottage» noma into enjalo, kukhona «izinto ezingekhoyo» ezingatholakali iningi ngokwazi noma ngezimali .. ngalowo mqondo akuwona wonke umuntu ongazakhela i-accelerator yezinhlayiyana zakho, mhlawumbe i-android enobuhlakani bokufakelwa ... imoto endizayo noma i-generator yaphakade
ngakho PHAMBELA PHAMBILI !! lapho imibhalo isebenza ngokwengeziwe, kuba ngcono !!! njengoba kwakunjalo ngesikhathi sakhe "Imishini Ethandwayo", "zenzele", njll.
Whoa… singakha umshini wesikhathi egcekeni lethu ngesinye isikhathi… ukulanda umagazini oku-inthanethi….
Ake siqale ngokulula ukwakha izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ... ngale ndlela izinkinga ezingokomthetho amalungelo obunikazi angenamsebenzi angafuna ukuzibeka zizogwenywa ... ngoba kukodwa akukho lutho olungekho ... futhi okushodayo ... kuqukethwe ngokususelwa kokukhona
Ngifunde ukuthi i-ATI neNvidia banemikhawulo ekuvulekeni kwezinkinga zobunikazi.
Ngokuqondene "nebheji yekhwalithi," sekukhona okunye kwalokhu okugxile kumakhompyutha: http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Hardware/Endorsement_criteria
Bengimane ngicabanga ukuphawula ngento efana kakhulu ngenkathi ngifunda i-athikili.
UMnu. Bruce Perens ubonakala kimi sengathi akazazisanga kahle, noma uma enza kanjalo, ufuna ukukhiqiza umshini omubi wesoftware yamahhala. Ukulandela umugqa wayo (onamaphutha) womqondo, umthombo ovulekile uzobe futhi wenza sengathi uma uthenga imoto iza nazo zonke izinhlelo zokwakha.
Ngithande iziphetho zakho, kepha engingakuqondi ukuthi kungani i-hardware evulekile / yamahhala kufanele isho izindleko eziphansi. Uma ukwenziwa kobunzima kubiza okufanayo, ingabe uyonga ukuthuthukiswa kwabashayeli, ukuphendulela lokhu emphakathini? Kulokhu, i-Hardware enamashayeli weWindows kuphela, okufanayo ngezindleko.
Kuyathakazelisa!
Ngicabanga ukuthi esikhundleni se-RSM ubufuna ukubeka i-RMS (URichard Matthew Satallman)
Phendula ngokucaphuna