I-Arch Linux: Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka Oyisisekelo Obuyekeziwe.

Okokuqala, lokhu kuyisiqondisi esisesikhathini senqubo yokufaka yohlelo lwesisekelo se- Arch ngokususelwa kumihlahlandlela ye- I-GESPADAS futhi i I-Arch Linux umhlahlandlela ongafanele.

Akukho okusha ongakusho ngoba zombili zinhle kepha kulabo abathatha isinqumo sokuyifaka nokuyihlola, lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukuba wusizo futhi uvuselelwa ku-ISO yakamuva ekhishwe ekusakazweni okubandakanya SYSTEMD ngephutha.

Yize sengivele nginolwazi oluthile ngokusatshalaliswa, ngibonile ukuthi kunemininingwane ethile enqubekweni ngakho-ke ngizoyilungisa.

UKUFAKA IZINDABA:

Lapho isithombe silandiwe kunezinketho ezi-2 ezingenzeka:

• Shisa isithombe kwi-CD / DVD ngohlelo oluhambisanayo (K3B, Brasero, XFBurn, njll).
• Sebenzisa induku ye-USB noma i-PENDRIVE (sebenzisa umyalo we-dd).

UKULUNGISELELA UKUSHAYA IZIMPAWU KANYE NOKUQALA

Ngokuya ngohlobo lweProsesa esinalo (ama-32 noma ama-64 Bits) sikhetha lelo elihambelana:

Lapho inqubo isiqedile, ukwaziswa kuzokhonjiswa sekuvele kungenwe ngemvume njenge-ROOT.

IKHIBHODI NE-ALPHABET

Okokuqala, kufanele usethe ukumiswa kwekhibhodi, ngoba lokhu kufanele ubhale okulandelayo:

# loadkeys distribucion teclado

Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa amakhibhodi ngesiLatin American Spanish, sebenzisa la-latin1 noma uma kuyiSpain yaseSpain noma yendabuko, nje es. Ukuthola enye inkomba thintana lapha.

Uhlobo lwezinhlamvu kufanele luguqulwe, ngoba izilimi eziningi zisebenzisa izimpawu ezingaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezingama-26 zezinhlamvu zesiNgisi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ezinye izinhlamvu ezingajwayelekile zingavela njengezikwele ezimhlophe noma ezinye izimpawu. Ukugwema lokhu okungenhla, kufanele ucacise:

# isethi yefonti I-Lat2-Terminus16

ULIMI UKUFAKWA

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ulimi lusethwe ku-US English. Ukushintsha ulimi ngenqubo yokufaka (Ngokwesibonelo, iSpanishi), asuse uphawu # ngaphambi kwe wendawo ufuna itholakale kufayela /etc/locale.gen, kanye nesiNgisi (i-USA).

# nano /etc/locale.gen
I-en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
I-es_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8

Cindezela Ctrl X ukuphuma, futhi uma ikubuza ukuthi ugcine izinguquko, cindezela Y bese Intro ukusebenzisa igama lefayela elifanayo.

Ukuchaza okungenhla, sicela wenze okulandelayo:

# indawo-gen 
# ukuthekelisa ILANG = es_ES.UTF-8

UKUXHUMANISA NE-NETWORK

Ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kunconywa ukukwenza ngenethiwekhi enentambo ngoba abashayeli abahlukahlukene kanye ne-firmware kungaletha izinkinga. Ukucushwa kwekhadi elingenantambo kungenziwa ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokufaka isisekelo isiqedile.

Ngokuvamile inethiwekhi enezintambo inegama eth0 (uhlamvu lokugcina ngu-ZERO)  ngakho-ke kufanele ubhale okulandelayo:

ip link isethwe eth0 phezulu
i-dhclient eth0

UKULUNGISELELA NOMA UKUHLULELA IDrayivu Enzima

ISAZISO: Ngokwezinhloso zalo mhlahlandlela, kuzothathwa ngokuthi i-Arch izofakwa njengohlelo kuphela kwi-PC, ngezindawo ezixubekile, sicela uhlole imibhalo ehambisanayo.

Ukwahlukanisa idiski okusetshenziswayo kuzosetshenziswa cfdisk. Ngalokhu sibhala esigungwini:

#cfdisk 

Izokwethula okufana nalokhu:

Ukwahlukanisa iDiski ngokuvamile kuthanda ukunambitheka komsebenzisi, ngakho-ke inqubo ekhonjiswe lapha isisiphakamiso nje.

Izingxenye ezine zizokwenziwa kudiski okuzoba: IBHODI, IZimpande, IKHAYA y I-SWAP.

BOOT: Yilapho amafayela abalulekile azogcinelwa khona ebhuthini I-ArchLinux (njenge i-kernel, izithombe i-ramdisk, the i-bootloader, njll). Kunconywa usayizi we-100 MiB (asikho isidingo sokuyinika isikhala esithe xaxa).

/ (IZimpande)Uhlelo lokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zizofakwa lapha. Usayizi wayo uncike ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunikeza I-ArchLinux. Cishe i-10 GiB kufanele ibe ngaphezu kokwanele kohlelo lwendabuko; Uma ucabanga ukuthi uzofaka izinhlelo eziningi (imidlalo, phakathi kwazo), kungcono ucabange nge-20 noma i-30 GiB.

HOMELapho izilungiselelo zethu zomuntu siqu, amasethingi wohlelo lokusebenza (kanye namaphrofayili akho akuwo), futhi ngokwesiko idatha yethu (amadokhumende, izithombe, amavidiyo, njll.) Izogcinwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe isikhala esikhulu sediski.

SWAP: Okokugcina, indawo lapho imininingwane ye-RAM igcinwa khona okwesikhashana (uma igcwele) kwi-hard disk. Ubukhulu balokhu buyahluka ngokuya nge-RAM ebonakalayo efakwe kwi-PC. Uma une-1GB engaphansi kwe-1GB kungakuhle ukwaba usayizi ophindwe kabili we-RAM ebonakalayo. Uma unenani elilinganiselwe lememori, njenge-1GB ngokwesibonelo, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze usayizi ofanayo ku-SWAP. Uma unenkumbulo eyengeziwe, lokho okungenhla akusebenzi futhi nge-2 noma i-XNUMXGB eyabiwe ingaphezu kokwanele.

Enye imininingwane okufanele icatshangelwe yindaba yama-laptops lapho uhlelo lusebusika noma lumisiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma uzofaka i-Arch kukhompuyutha ephathekayo, kungakuhle ukwabela ifayela le- SWAP usayizi ofanayo nowe- RAM i-physics efakiwe.

Ukusebenzisa cfdisk Kufanele sakhe isikimu sokuhlukanisa esikhethiwe, sakhe ukwahlukanisa okukodwa ngasikhathi, ngokulandelana kwemiyalo: Okusha »Okuyinhloko | Kunengqondo »Usayizi (nge-MB)» Ukuqala.

Imininingwane emibili okufanele uyinake:

• Endabeni yokuhlukanisa okhethwe njenge Shintsha, iya enkethweni "Uhlobo”Bese ukhetha 82 (Ukushintshwa kwe-Linux) yohlu.
• Endabeni yokuhlukanisa okhethwe njenge / ibhuthri, khetha inketho "I-Bootable"

Ekugcineni, kufanele ube nokuthile njengoba kubonakala esithombeni esilandelayo:

Uma sesiphephile, kufanele sikhethe inketho "Bhala", Futhi qinisekisa ngokuthayipha"Yebo", Ukubhala itafula lokuhlukanisa elisha. Le nqubo isusa konke okuqukethwe kwangaphambilini kwi-hard drive!

Ukuphuma cfdisk, Ukukhetha "Quit".

QAPHELA: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula "igama" lokwahlukaniswa ngakunye, njengoba sizokusebenzisa esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Isibonelo: sda1 = ibhuthi, sda2 =/, sda3 = ikhaya kanye sda4 = shintsha.

YAKHA IFOMU KWEZINGXENYE

para boot i-ext2 izosetshenziswa ngoba ukubhala phansi akudingeki lapha:

# mkfs -t ext2 / dev / sda1

para /, sebenzisa ext4:

# mkfx -t ext4 / dev / sda2

para home, sebenzisa futhi i-ext4:

# mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3

para swap:

# mkswap / dev / sda4

Senza ukwahlukanisa kusebenze nge:

swapon / dev / sda4

IZINGXENYE ZENTABA

Isahluko ngasinye sikhonjwa ngesijobelelo sezinombolo. Ngokwesibonelo, sda1 icacisa ukwahlukaniswa kokuqala kwediski yokuqala, ngenkathi sda ikhombisa yonke idiski.

Khweza ukwahlukanisa / en /mnt:

ukukhweza / dev / sda2 / mnt

Dala izinkomba zezinye izingxenye ngaphakathi /mnt:

mkdir / mnt / boot
mkdir / mnt / ikhaya

Beka okwahlukaniswa okulandelayo:

ukukhweza / dev / sda1 / mnt / boot
khweza / dev / sda3 / mnt / ikhaya

Umhlahlandlela ka-Arch uncoma ukukhetha isibuko, kepha lokhu akudingekile ngempela ngakho-ke ngizokweqa.

FAKA UHLELO LWEBASE

Sizosebenzisa iskripthi sokufaka esibizwa nge- pacstrap ukufaka uhlelo base. Futhi, iqembu lephakheji base-devel kufanele ifakwe uma uhlela ukuhlanganisa isoftware kusuka ku- AUR. Ukwenza lokhu senza okulandelayo:

i-pacstrap / mnt base base-devel

Lapho inqubo isiqedile, kunconywa ukufaka (kuphela ukufaka) i-bootloader. Mina uqobo ngisebenzisa SYSLINUX kepha ngizosebenzisa GRUB ngalo mhlahlandlela.

Ukufaka i-bootloader sibhala okulandelayo:

pacstrap / mnt grub-bios

Kuthiwani GRUB yakhelwe BIOS. Uma unentshisekelo kokuphikisanayo UEFI, Ngincoma ukuthi ufunde imibhalo esemthethweni. Uma ungeyena umlandeli we I-GRUBungafaka syslinux. noma okwamanje ayinakho ukusekelwa kwe- UEFI.

UKULUNGISELELA UHLELO

Okokuqala sizokhiqiza ifayili fstab. Ukuze wenze lokhu kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

# genfstab -p / mnt >> / mnt / etc / fstab

Uma uhlangabezana nokungasebenzi kahle kwinqubo yokufaka ngemuva kokusebenza genfstab, ungayisebenzisi futhi njengoba ingeke, kulula ukuhlela ifayili fstab.

Eqinisweni kunenkinga encane lapha, kusukela kukheli lokuhlukanisa swap akunakwa ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uhlele ifayela. Ukuze wenze lokhu kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

# nano / mnt / etc / fstab

Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzenze. Okokuqala ukwahlukanisa root inkambu yokugcina kufanele ibe ngu-1, kwabanye ingaba 2 noma 0 (zero). Kanjalo, data=ordered Kufanele isuswe njengoba le ndlela isetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalela noma ngabe icacisiwe noma cha. Ekugcineni kuzodingeka ukwengeza /dev/sda4 (ulayini wokugcina) ukuze ukwahlukanisa swap yenziwe isebenze kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukugcina izinguquko cindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye Control x, bese ubhala y seguido de INTRO. Ukucacela ngokwengeziwe, nansi isithombe-skrini:

Kuzo zonke ezinye izenzo zokucushwa, sizokwenza a chroot ohlelweni lwethu olusanda kufakwa. Ukwenza lokhu, bhala okulandelayo:

i-arch-chroot / mnt

Kulesi sigaba, amafayili wokucushwa ayinhloko wohlelo ledatha kufanele amisiwe. I-Arch Linux. Lezi zingadalwa uma zingekho, noma, uma zikhona, zihlelwe uma ufuna ukushintsha amanani azenzakalelayo. Ukulandela eduze nokuqonda lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni uhlelo olumiswe kahle.

INDAWO: Ukungadideki nalokho okwenziwe phambilini, lesi sinyathelo ukulungisa ulimi lokugcina ukuze ulufake. Kunamafayela amabili adinga ukuhlelwa: locale.gen y locale.conf.

locale.gen ayinalutho ngokuzenzakalela (okungukuthi, konke okufakiwe kuphawuliwe ngakho-ke akusebenzi) futhi uphawu ludinga ukususwa # phambi komugqa (s) ofuna ukuwenza usebenze. Unganqamuli ngaphezu komugqa owodwa, ngaphandle kwe-English (US), inqobo nje uma imigqa ekhethiwe iqukethe ukufaka ikhodi UTF-8:

# nano /etc/locale.gen en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 en_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8

Lapho ifayili seligciniwe, yenza:

# indawo-gen

Le nqubo izokwenziwa ekuvuseleleni ngakunye (lapho kungekho ukungenelela komsebenzisi okudingekayo) kusuka glibc, ukuvuselela zonke izakhiwo ezifakiwe ku- /etc/locale.gen.

locale.conf Ayitholakali ngokuzenzakalela. ngakho-ke kusukela esibulalayo senza okulandelayo:

# echo LANG = es_ES.UTF-8> /etc/locale.conf # ukuthekelisa i-LANG = es_ES.UTF-8

vconsole.conf Lapha sichaza ukwakheka kwekhibhodi nefonti (uhlobo lobuso) bekhonsoli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

# nano /etc/vconsole.conf

Uzokhonjiswa ifayela elingenalutho bese uthayipha okulandelayo:

KEYMAP = "la-latin1" FONT = "Lat2-Terminus16" FONT_MAP =

timezone Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso se- /etc/localtime kufayela lakho lendawo /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/Local usebenzisa okulandelayo:

# ln -s / usr / share / zoneinfo / America / Hermosillo / njll / isikhathi sendawo

hardware clock Isetha imodi yewashi lehadiwe ngokufanayo kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iwashi lehadiwe lingabhalwa phansi futhi lidale ama-jet lags.

Ingakhiqiza /etc/adjtime usebenzisa ngokuzenzakalela omunye wemiyalo elandelayo:

# hwclock - isystohc --utc

nangesikhathi sendawo:

# hwclock --systohc - isikhathi sesikhathi

Lokhu kwamuva akunconyiwe.

AMAKHODLELE KERNEL

Ukuze ulayishe amamojula we-kernel ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, beka ifayela ngesandiso *.conf kufolda /etc/modules-load.d/, enegama lefayela elisho uhlelo olusetshenziswayo.

Onke amamojula adingekayo alayishwa ngokuzenzakalela ngu udev, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela udinga ukwengeza noma yini lapha. Kumele ungeze amamojula aziwa ukuthi awekho.

# nano /etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf virtio-net

IGAMA LOMPHATHI

Faka ifayili lakho le- hostname endaweni yokugcina umlando /etc/hostname. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ifayela le- hostname Yigama elizonikezwa okokusebenza nangokuthi laziwe kanjani kunethiwekhi. Ukwenza lokhu nasekhonsoli bhala okulandelayo:

# waxosha igama lami > / / etc / hostname

Hlela ifayela hosts ukubhalisa myhostname esetshenzisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

# nano / etc / hosts 127.0.0.1 indawo yasendaweni igama lami :: 1 indawo yangakini igama lami

Gcina ifayela bese uphuma.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi sisebenzisa inethiwekhi enentambo ukufakwa, okwamanje futhi ukuqala ngensizakalo yenethiwekhi, bhala okulandelayo esigungwini:

# systemctl vumela i-dhcpcd @ .service

Qiniseka ukuthi i-interface yenethiwekhi ilungile (ngokujwayelekile eth0) sizoqinisekisa ku- /etc/conf.d/netcfg. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uncomment noma susa ifayela le- # kusuka ku-WIRED_INTERFACE = »eth0 ″. Ukuqhubeka phansi kufayela nakho ukucaciswa kwenethiwekhi engenantambo. Okwamanje yiphawule noma ubeke uphawu #. Gcina ifayela bese uphuma.

Kunconywa futhi ukuhlela ifayili pacman.conf. Ukwenza lokhu ku-terminal noma ku-console yenza okulandelayo:

# nano /etc/pacman.conf

Lapha ungangeza noma uguqule amakhosombe. Kunconywa ukuyishiya njengoba injalo futhi engeza kuphela noma kusebenze okudingekayo.
Uma ufake I-Arch Linux x86_64, Kunconywa ukuthi unike amandla ngokususa # kusuka endaweni yokugcina izinto [multilib].

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa AUR, yenza okulandelayo: Ekupheleni kwefayela bhala:

[archlinuxfr] SigLevel = IphakhejiServer Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch

Gcina bese uphuma.

DALA IMVELO YOKUQALA KWE-RAMDISK

Lapha ngincoma ngokwami ​​ukungeza i- KEYMAP ukuze ilayishwe futhi isetshenziswe kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngalokhu udinga ukuhlela ifayili mkinitcpio.conf. Ku-terminal noma ku-console sibhala:

# nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

Kumele ingezwe kulayini wokugcina we HOOKS igama KEYMAP. Akunandaba ukuthi kusekugcineni, maphakathi noma ekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo:

Gcina ushintsho bese uphuma kufayela. Kwenziwe okungenhla, bese siqhubeka nokukhiqiza ifayela le- ramdisk ukubhala umyalo olandelayo:

# mkinitcpio -p linux

UMPHATHI WOKUQALA

Besivele siyifakile i-bootloader grub futhi lapha sizoqhubeka ukuyilungisa. Isizathu sokwenza lokhu kuze kube manje ukuthi noma nini lapho ngikwenza njengoba kuphawuliwe kumhlahlandlela we-GESPADAS ngithola imilayezo yephutha futhi imvamisa ingiholela ekutheni ngiphinde ngilungise lonke uhlelo.

Ukufunda kokuzijwayeza ngabona ukuthi kungcono ukukhiqiza uma sesinakho konke okulungiselelwe nesithombe sebhuthi sidaliwe.

Yenza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

# i-grub-install / dev / sda # cp / usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo

noma futhi (isetshenziswa yi-GESPADAS)

# cp / boot/grub/locale/en@quot.mo /boot/grub/locale/en_US.mo

Lesi sinyathelo sokugcina ukulungiswa kwefayela le- bug que tiene GRUB hhayi i-Arch. Bese wenza okulandelayo:

# i-grub-mkconfig -o / boot / grub / grub.cfg

Le nqubo yokugcina izokhiqiza ngokuzenzakalela ifayili lokumiswa le- GRUB.

Lapho okungenhla sekuqediwe, sizoqhubeka nokubeka contraseña al usuario ROOT. Ukwenza lokhu esibulalayo sibhala:

#ukulele

Uzocelwa ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi futhi uyiqinisekise.

Ngalokhu, ukumiswa kuqediwe, manje kufanele uphume endaweni chroot. Kulokhu kufanele ubhale exit.

Kufanele wehlise ukwahlukaniswa, ukuze wenze lokhu bhala okulandelayo esibulalayo:

# imali / mnt / {ibhuthi, ikhaya,}

Manje yebo, siqala kabusha uhlelo lwethu nge:

# ukuqalisa kabusha

Ungakhohlwa ukususa ukufakwa kwe-CD / DVD noma i-USB futhi uma kunesidingo sokuhlela kabusha i-boot order yamayunithi (lokhu kwenziwa kuma-bios we-PC).

Okulandelayo kuzovela esibukweni:

Manje sibhala izimpande kusikhombi nephasiwedi esiyicacisayo ne-voila, sisohlelweni lwethu lwe-Arch, sisebenza ngokuphelele futhi sikulungele ukwenziwa ngezifiso. Misa ngaphambi kwalokho ngincoma ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

Okokuqala kufanele ufake izinsiza zeSudo; ukwenza lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

#pacman -S sudo

Ngemuva kwalokho esibulalayo sibhala:

I-EDITOR = i-nano visudo

Susa umugqa kulayini lapho iqembu livela khona %wheel. Uzobona ukuthi kukhona ama-2, mina ngokwami ​​ngincoma ukuthi nginqamule lowo ocela iphasiwedi. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi senze imiyalo kusuka ku- root nomsebenzisi wethu.

Manje sifaka uhlelo lokusebenza YAOURT, esivumela ukuthi siqalise ukufakwa kwezicelo kusuka ekuphumuleni kwe AUR. Ukwenza lokhu esibulalayo faka okulandelayo:

# pacman -Iyourt

Dala umsebenzisi wethu nge:

#umsebenzisi

Faka igama lokungena igama lomsebenzisi ozolisebenzisa, ku- additional groups umbhali:

umsindo, i-lp, i-optical, isitoreji, ividiyo, isondo, imidlalo, amandla, isithwebuli

Kokunye nje cindezela ukhiye INTRO. Naka ngoba uzobuzwa imibuzo bese omunye wayo igama lakho. Ukuthi ufuna ukukubeka noma cha kuyindaba yomuntu siqu, kodwa ungayishiyi ingenalutho.

Qalisa kabusha uhlelo futhi, kepha sebenzisa systemctl reboot bese ungena ngemvume ngomsebenzisi osanda kumdala.

Ukusuka lapha ungenza ushintsho nokulungiswa okudingekayo ukushiya imishini yakho ngokuphelele ngendlela oyithandayo bese uyenza ngezifiso ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuyasiza, njengoba sengishilo, ukufaka lokhu kusatshalaliswa okungeyona inkimbinkimbi nhlobo, kuphela uma kucelwa ukunakwa nokusebenza.

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, lo mhlahlandlela usekelwe emsebenzini we I-GESPADAS kanye nomhlahlandlela ongekho emthethweni we I-Arch Linux.

Nazi ezinye izikrini zokufakwa okungu-2 engikwenzile:

Ikhompyutha yami yeNetbook eneGNOME SHELL 3.4:

Ideskithophu yami ene-XFCE 4.10: